Wave Dragon. Wave Power Plant using low-head turbines · • 1 Kaplan turbine with siphon inlet...
Transcript of Wave Dragon. Wave Power Plant using low-head turbines · • 1 Kaplan turbine with siphon inlet...
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Wave Dragon.Wave Power Plant using low-head turbines
by
Peter Frigaard1, Jens Peter Kofoed1 & Wilfried Knapp2
1Dept. Civil Engineering, Aalborg University2Technical University of Munich
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
• The Technology• Partners, Financing and Objectives• The Nissum Bredning Prototype • The Turbine Configuration• The Development Schedule• Experiences after 1 year at sea
Contents
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Wave Dragon principle
Turbine outlet
Reservoir
Waves overtopping the doubly curved ramp
The Wave Dragon is a slack-moored wave energy converter that can be deployed alone or in parks wherever a sufficient wave climate and a water
depth of more than 25 m is found.
Climate Power production24 kW/m 12 GWh/y/unit36 kW/m 20 GWh/y/unit48 kW/m 35 GWh/y/unit
Wave reflector
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Wave Dragon partners/subcontractors• SPOK ApS, Project Management Consultancy
(DK) • Löwenmark F.R.I, Consulting Engineer (DK)• MT Højgaard A/S, Construction Enterprise (DK)• Aalborg University – Hydraulics & Coastal
Engineering Laboratory (DK)• Balslev A/S, Consulting Engineers - electrical and
automation systems (DK) • Niras as, Consulting Engineer, Wave forecasting
models (DK) • Armstrong Technology Associates Ltd., Naval
Architects (UK) (Babcock Design & Technology)• VeteranKraft AB, Consulting Engineers - hydro
turbine design (S)• Nöhrlind Ltd, Research & Business strategy
development (UK) • Technical University Munich, Hydro turbine testing
and CFD modelling (D) • Kössler Ges.m.b.H., Manufacturer of hydro
turbines (A) • ESBI Engineering Ltd. (IE)• Wave Energy Centre, Lisbon (PT)• Rozmerovy Nacrte (CS)
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Investments, from the start and until year 2004Contribution 1000 € Löwenmark F.R.I 1.503 SPOK ApS 891 VeteranKraft AB 366 Kössler Ges.m.b.h. 101 Balslev A/S 217 Belt Electric ApS 70 Wilfried Knapp 48 Nöhrlind Ltd 68 MT Højgaard A/S 169 Armstrong Ltd 136 NIRAS AS 35 ESBI Engineering Ltd 88 EU 2.078 Danish national funding 1.929 University funded 192 Total 7.892
The RTD is supported by
• EU Energie FP5
• Danish Energy Authority
• Elkraft System (PSO)
• Obel Family Foundation
• and the partners
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Participants, May 23, 2003
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Wave Dragon objectivesTo develope Wave Dragon to a power plant unit in size of
4 to 11 MW with a production price of 0.04 €/kWh
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
1:4.5 Prototype at Nissum Bredning
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Wave Dragon basic data(1:4.5) (1:1)
Key figures, units: 0.4 kW/m 36 kW/m Weight, steel and concrete
237 t 33,000 t
Total width and length 58x33 m 300x170 m Height 3.6 m 19 m Height above sea level 0.6-1.5 m 3 –7 m Reservoir 55 m3 8,000 m3 Number of turbines 7 16 – 20 Generators PMG PMG Rated power/unit 20 kW 7 MW Annual power produc-tion/unit GWh/y
0.04 20
Water depth 6 m > 25 m
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Nissum Bredning, DenmarkThe wave climate in scale 1:4.5 of the North Sea
1
2
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Launching Aalborg, DKMarch 10, 2003
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Towing end March 2003
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Up and running May 2003
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Installation of internet connection
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
First ocean wave energy converterproducing power to the grid
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
´Sub’-projects to meet objectives• Demonstrate survivability - DEA 1999 and FP5 2003
• Optimise simple hydro turbine – EU CRAFT 2000
• Optimise geometrical layout – EU CRAFT and DEA 2001
• Demonstrate regular power production - DEA 2003
• Optimise power production - FP5 2003 - 2005
• Optimise structural design - FP5 2003 - 2005
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Survivability is essentiel
Overtopping on the scale 1:50 model in a 100 year storm, EU CRAFT project
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Pitch, heave and surge in scale 1:50
Heave
[m] Surge
[m] Pitch
[°]
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Scale 1:50 ramp profile
From single
to a doublycurved ramp
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Overtopping - model
Hald & Frigaard, 2001
Martinelli & Frigaard, 1999
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Fenders and strain gauges
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
The production of the prototype
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
To be studied: Influence of open compartments
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Turbine Ø 340mm has been tested
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
6 Kaplan turbines installed Sept. 12th 2003
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
The new turbines ready
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Turbine Configuration
• 6 Kaplan turbines with cylinder gatesD=0.34 meter, n1=170min-1, Q=2.75 m3
Power output = 2.6 kWatt• 1 Kaplan turbine with siphon inlet
Specifications as above • 3 Dummy turbines
Dvalve = 0.43 meter
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
To be studied: regulation strategy
• How much air in the chambers i.e. crest height
• How much water to take out before next wave is coming
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
SCADA system for remote control
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Results beginning to arrive
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
• Measuring equipment– Pressure transducers,
Accelerometers– Force transducers, Movement
transducers– Strain gauges
• Online monitoring– Performance, Web Cams– www.wavedragon.net
Wave Dragon RTD activities- Coming 2 years
• WD prototype fully equiped– Turbines 1+6+3– Grid connected generators– Floating level control system
• Two different test sites– Close to Danish Wave Power
Association's test site– Further south-east where more
wave energy is available
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Wave Dragon time table coming years• The concept is demonstrated, power has been delivered
to the grid 3 months ahead of schedule• Wave Dragon is the world’s first offshore wave energy
converter grid connected and producing power• The RTD in the coming 2 years will give useful
information for design optimization • The planning for full size deployment has begun, as the
procedure will take minimum 2 years• The funding for planning is looked for, investors are
invited to join the team, 2 step approach• Power purchase agreements are looked for in different
countries
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Working offshore
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Experience
• Fouling is no problem in the turbine runnerand guide vane area.
• Much more rust than foreseen.• Few weather windows with accessibility.• Operation costs at see very high.
• Problems, yes a lot. But the concept works
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Wave Dragon objectives(To develope Wave Dragon to a power plant unit in size of 4 to 11 MW
with a competative production price per kWh.)For sure the objective will be reached sooner or later.
Will it be 2010, 2015, 2020 or ?
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Overtopping
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Overtopping - prototype
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Summary
• The Wave Dragon has been in operation for morethan an year.
• Overtopping has been measured at Wavedragonprototype at Nissum bredningGood agreement with laboratory experiments.
• Functionality of the Wave Dragon concept has been demonstrated.
• Many problematic issues seen working off shorewith turbines.
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
More information, results and web pictures:
www.wavedragon.net and
www.civil.auc.dk/~i5jpk/wd/wdnb.htm
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Wave Dragon HidroEnergia 2004 (Falkenberg)
Wave Dragon working