Water Tracing to Understand Flow at Industrial and Waste Sites - … · 2019. 9. 3. · Dye Tracing...
Transcript of Water Tracing to Understand Flow at Industrial and Waste Sites - … · 2019. 9. 3. · Dye Tracing...
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Water Tracing to Understand Flow at Industrial and Waste Sites
Shiloh Beeman, RG
September 5, 2019
REGFORM Water Seminar 2019
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Overview
Introduction to Water Tracing
Dye Tracing Applications
– Aquifer Studies
– Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions
– Stormwater
– Waste Site Investigations & Groundwater Remediation
– Landfills and Waste Piles
– Leaky Impoundments & Dams
– Sewers & Industrial Piping
– Environmental Impacts of Development
Tracer Study Design Fundamentals
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Water Tracing with Fluorescent Tracer Dyes
Safe for environment, drinking water supplies, natural
resources, and aquatic species
Widely accepted by regulators – EPA & MDNR
Cost-effective investigative tool
To answer fundamental questions:
– Where does the water go? Or where does it come from?
– How long does it take to get there?
– What happens along the way?
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Why the focus on Fluorescent Dyes?
Highly mobile
Multiple sample media
– Water samples
– Activated carbon samplers (continuous)
Highly detectable
Safe for environment and investigators
Several dyes can be used concurrently
Reasonable cost for dye and analysis
Regulations vary by state
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Most Useful Fluorescent Dyes
Fluorescein (uranine)
Rhodamine WT
Eosine
Sulforhodamine B
Pyranine
Optical Brighteners
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Tracing Applications
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Aquifer Studies
Groundwater flow paths in
aquifers
Travel times
Gradients
Recharge areas
Vulnerability to degradation
Radius of influence of
pumping wells
Karst, fractured rock
& porous media
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Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions
Stormwater infiltration
Groundwater discharge
Wetlands
Flow paths from surface water bodies
into groundwater supplies
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Waste Site Investigations
Source area investigations
Monitoring well network
verification
Recovery of drilling fluids
Identification of preferential
flow paths
Discharge to surface waters
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Groundwater Remediation
ROI of pumping well
Well spacing and remediation injection volumes
Small-scale aquifer behaviors
Safe injection pressures
No flow boundary evaluations
– In situ barrier walls
– Grout curtains
– Pumping wells
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Landfills and Waste Piles
Landfill siting evaluations
Monitorability demonstrations
Evaluation of potential releases
to aquifers and sensitive
natural resources
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Surface Water Impoundments
Dam leakage
Seepage zones
Time of travel through
piping holes
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Sewers & Industrial Piping
Infiltration and exfiltration of
sewer lines
Industrial piping cross-
connections and leakage
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Environmental Impacts of Development
Industrial facilities
Highways
Pipelines
Quarries
Mines
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Cave Springs Karst Conservation Study
Northwest Arkansas
Largest Cavefish Population in
Cave Springs (federally threatened)
Funded by Federal Highway Administration
Stakeholders included USFWS, USGS, FWA, AHTD,
AGFC, ADEQ, 4 city & 1 county governments,
developers, private property owners
6 major highway projects were on hold pending
www.cavespringskarststudy.com
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Cave Springs Karst Conservation Study
Vulnerability Map
Karst BMPs
Local Ordinances
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Tracer Study Design Fundamentals
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What is Fluorescence?
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Stokes’ Shift
Excite molecules at one wavelength
Emission of light at another wavelength
Many fluorescent compounds
– Natural and man-made
– Separation by excitation & emission wavelengths
– Peak shapes important
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