Water Systems on arth’s Surface
Transcript of Water Systems on arth’s Surface
Water Systems on Earth’s Surface:
Distribution of Water on Earth
Earth’s Water
Only 3% of the Earth’s water is fresh water (no salt).
2/3 of this water is frozen in ice sheets.
Therefore only 1% of the fresh water on Earth is available.
How Does the Earth not run out of Fresh water??
The Water Cycle....
The Water Cycle The constant cycling of water through the
processes of evaporation and condensation
Water is constantly changing form
(gas liquid)
Driven by the sun’s energy
Label the Water Cycle
The water cycle is a constant interaction between the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere.
Lithosphere: the solid rocky ground of the Earth’s crust.
Atmosphere: the environment surrounding the Earth.
Hydrosphere: All water on Earth. Including that in the lithosphere and atmosphere.
This includes: condensation in the air and clouds, run-off, and ground water
Journal Question Sketch and label the water cycle. Include definitions
for each label and the definitions for hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.
Problems: Page 13
#”s: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7
Scientist Who Study Water Hydrologist: A person who studies Earth’s water
systems and helps to find solutions to problems of water quality and quantity.
Oceanographer: A person who studies all aspects of the ocean. They are concerned with the biology, geology, physics and mathematics of the ocean.
Ocean Water v.s. Fresh Water 3 ways in which ocean and fresh water differ:
Salinity
The amount of salt dissolved in a specific amount of water.
Salt comes from dissolved solids in the ground and volcanoes
Density
The amount of mass of a substance in a certain unit volume
Freezing Point
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid
Ocean Water v.s. Fresh Water Ocean Water Fresh Water
Salinity Average is 35 ppt. (35 g of salt
per L of water)
Varies depending on location
Salinity is greater at the poles and near the equator! WHY?
Density More dense than fresh water
(1.022 kg/L)
Freezing Point -1.90C
Salinity
Very tiny amounts of salt. (~0 ppt.)
Density
Less than ocean water (1.000 kg/L)
Freezing Point
0.0 0C
Dead Sea
Reading Check…pg.17 Questions 1-5
Core Lab Salinity’s Effect on Density – Activity 1-3 A
Sources of Fresh Water Lakes, Ponds and wetlands
Lake and pond is basically a hole in the ground that fills with standing water
Wetland is a low area in the land that is saturated with water all or most of the time and they provide habitat for many plant and animal life
Marshes are an example of a wetland
Streams and Rivers
Fast flowing bodies of water
Streams differ based on the speed, temperature and clarity (turbidity) of the water, as well as the nature of the banks and bottom
Ground Water
Precipitation that falls to the Earth’s surface and sinks out of sight
It sinks into pores in rocks and sinks until it reaches bedrock that it cannot penetrate through
Digging into these pools is how we
create wells
Glaciers
A moving mass of snow and ice.
Found in areas where it is so cold the snow remains all year.
Glaciers in
mountains and on
the continent of
Antarctica
Glaciers slow down the passage of water through the water cycle by storing vast quantities of water. They release the water during the hot summer months.
They give us information about the Earth’s past climates.
Water
trapped in
glacial ice