Standard:

S6E3a. Explain that a large portion of the Earth’s surface is water, consisting of oceans, rivers, lakes, underground water, and ice.

"Water, Water, Everywhere...."You've heard the phrase, and for

water, it really is true.

Earth's water is (almost) everywhere: above the Earth in the

air and clouds, on the Earth as rivers, oceans, ice, inside the Earth in the top few miles of the ground.

Water is even in living things.

Use the Organizer to record your findings!

Types of Water on Earth:Saltwater

Types of Water on Earth: FRESHWater

Glaciers & Ice Caps

Types of Water on Earth:Freshwater

River Lake

Stream

Types of Water on Earth:Freshwater=Groundwater

Groundwater occurs as a liquid resource that is dispersed through numerous holes, pores, fractures and cavities in bodies of rock or sediment

Where is Earth's water located and in what forms does it exist? You can see how water is distributed by viewing these bar charts. The left-side bar shows where the water on Earth exists; about 97 percent of all water is in the oceans. The middle bar shows the distribution of that three percent of all Earth's water that is freshwater. The majority, about 69percent, is locked up in glaciers and icecaps, mainly in Greenland and Antarctica. You might be surprised that of the remaining freshwater, almost all of it is below your feet, as ground water. No matter where on Earth you are standing, chances are that, at some depth, the ground below you is saturated with water. Of all the freshwater on Earth, only about 0.3 percent is contained in rivers and lakes—yet rivers and lakes are not only the water we are most familiar with, it is also where most of the water we use in our everyday lives exists.

The top pie chart shows that over 99 percent of all water (oceans, seas, ice, most saline water, and atmosphereicwater) is not available for our uses. And even of the remaining fraction of one percent (the small brown slice in the top pie chart), much of that is out of reach. Considering that most of the water we use in everyday life comes from rivers (the small dark blue slice in the bottom pie chart), you'll see we generally only make use of a tiny portion of the available water supplies. The bottom pie shows that the vast majority of the fresh water available for our uses is stored in the ground (the large grey slice in the second pie chart).

What is saline?

The blue spheres represent the relative

amounts of Earth's water in comparison to the size

of the Earth.

Are you surprised that these water spheres look so small? They are only small in relation to the

size of the Earth.

Overall, it shows that in comparison to the volume of the globe the amount of water on the planet is

very small.

The largest sphere represents all of

Earth's water.

The sphere includes all the water in the

oceans, ice caps, lakes, and rivers, as

well as groundwater, atmospheric water,

and even the water in you, your dog, and your tomato plant.

How much of the total water is fresh water, which people and

many other life forms need to survive?

The blue sphere over Kentucky represents

the world's liquid fresh water (groundwater, lakes, swamp water,

and rivers).

Do you see the "tiny" bubble over Atlanta,

Georgia?

That one represents fresh water in all the

lakes and rivers on the planet.

Most of the water people and life on earth need every day comes

from these surface-water sources.

Water on the EarthAbout 71% of the earth’s surface is covered

with water.

Of the total volume of water on Earth:

97% is saltwater

In general, most of the earth’s water is located in the oceans as saltwater . So where does it come from?

By some estimates, if the salt in the ocean could be

removed and spread evenly over the Earth's land surface it would form a layer more than 500 feet (166 meters) thick, about the height of a

40-story office building (NOAA).

But, where did all this salt come from?

From precipitation to the land to the rivers to the sea…

The rain that falls on the land contains some dissolved carbon dioxide from the surrounding air. This causes the

rainwater to be slightly acidic.

The rain physically breaks down the rock and the acids chemically break down the rocks. Rain then carries the

dissolved salts and minerals along as it flows. The salts in the runoff are carried to the streams and rivers and then to

the ocean. http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualiz

ations/es1303/es1303page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Many of the dissolved salts are used by organisms in the ocean and are removed from the water. Others are not used

up and are left for long periods of time where their concentrations increase over time.

Salt from below…Hydrothermal vents are recently-discovered

features on the ocean seafloor that contribute dissolved minerals to the oceans.

These vents are the “exit points” on the ocean floor from which sea water that has seeped

into the rocks of the oceanic crust has become hotter, has dissolved some of the minerals

from the crust, and then flows back into the ocean.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D69hGvCsWgA&list=PL88CB33C02CCF3D39&index=1

Eruption of Volcanoes Underwater…

Similar to the previous process, during an underwater volcano eruption, seawater reacts with hot rock and some minerals

are dissolved into the sea water.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U51cY6iod3U&index=5&list=PL88CB33C02CC

F3D39

Water on the Earth 2% is freshwater frozen in ice caps and glaciers

1% is fresh water in lakes and streams, groundwater, and water vapor in the atmosphere

In general, most of the earth’s water is located in the oceans as saltwater . Most of the freshwater on Earth is located in glaciers and ice caps. Lesser amounts are found in atmospheric moisture, rivers, lakes, streams, and groundwater.

Most of the freshwater on Earth is located in glaciers and ice caps.

Water on the Earth Water is not evenly distributed, and most of it is

unsuitable for drinking.

We use less than 1% of the water on Earth for drinking and personal hygiene. We also use this fresh water for agriculture, fisheries, transportation, heating and cooling, manufacturing, and many other purposes.

Unless we use our freshwater supply wisely, rivers, lakes and groundwater can be depleted or polluted, becoming unusable or unsuitable for life.

Writing Prompt

Question:

RRestate the

Question

Did you restate the question in your

own words?

AAnswer the

Question

Does your answer to the question

express a main idea (a point you are

going to prove)?

C Cite Evidence

Did you transition from your “A” (main

idea sentence)?

Do you have indirect information to

prove your main idea?

Do you have a direct quote to prove

your main idea?

Do all the details address the question?

EExplain the

Answer

Does it begin with something like: This

…shows that...

Does it answer “Why?” and/or “How?”

Does it use some key words from the

citation?

Does it explain fully, using because... ?

Does it reuse the (A) main idea with

some new wording?

Did you make sure all parts connect?

How Many do you Know.

Condensation transpiration evaporation

Accumulation runoff groundwater

Salinity infiltration precipitation

Freshwater Sublimation glacier

35

Water is a powerful solvent and we have it everywhere – the hydrological cycle-

The most important thing about the water cycle is…

What drives the water cycle?

36

37

According to the dictionary, relate means to see or find connections between things or to link together like a math problem.

Water on Earth gets heated by the sun (the power source for the water cycle).

Water Water Vapor

+Sun + Colder Temperature

Condensation in the clouds causes ice crystals to form. Eventually the ice crystals start grouping together and become larger and heavier. Eventually these groups of crystals become too heavy to just hang out and they fall.

Condensation

+Condensation

Precipitation + soaking into the ground= percolation

Where else can evaporation occur?

Plants + Food Production=

Water that has been produced by transpiration evaporates and continues

the process

Then Then

Then

Precipitation falls onto the Earth’s surface. It

may fall into a river or lake and eventually make

its way to an ocean. Or it may soak into the

ground as groundwater. The groundwater will

eventually flow to a body of water

Evaporation Condensation

Precipitation

Transpiration

38

According to the dictionary, relate means to see or find connections between things or to link together like a math problem.

Water on Earth gets heated by the sun (the power source for the water cycle).

Water Water Vapor

+Sun + Colder Temperature

Condensation in the clouds causes ice crystals to form. Eventually the ice crystals start grouping together and become larger and heavier. Eventually these groups of crystals become too heavy to just hang out and they fall.

Condensation

+Condensation

Precipitation + soaking into the ground= percolation

Where else can evaporation occur?

Plants + Food Production=

Water that has been produced by transpiration evaporates and continues

the process

Then Then

Then

Precipitation falls onto the Earth’s surface. It

may fall into a river or lake and eventually make

its way to an ocean. Or it may soak into the

ground as groundwater. The groundwater will

eventually flow to a body of water

Condensation

Where do you see it your life?

Transpiration-When do you think this would happen?

EvaporationWhat causes evaporation to happen?

Precipitation

Comes in lots of forms andcan be a solid or liquid.

Infiltration happens whenwater soaks into the ground.

Runoff

What process in the water cyclehas to happen first before runoffcan occur?