WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL SERVICES INTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF MEASURES CAPT G RAVI ( INDIAN NAVY)...
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Transcript of WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL SERVICES INTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF MEASURES CAPT G RAVI ( INDIAN NAVY)...
WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL SERVICESINTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF MEASURES
CAPT G RAVI ( INDIAN NAVY)OFFICER-IN-CHARGE , NBCD SCHOOL
INS SHIVAJI,LONAVALA
WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL SERVICESINTEGRAL PART OF RELIEF MEASURES
DISASTER OVERVIEW AND ROLE OF ARMD FORCES
KOSI FLOODS URI EARTHQUAKE
KOSI FLOODS EARTHQUAKE IN BHUJ
GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE UTTARKASHI EARTHQUAKE
MUMBAI FLOODS
OUR EXPERIENCE OF COPING WITH DISASTER
Inadequate scientific hazard-risk-vulnerability mapping
Inadequate early warning systemsTechnical-legal regime not clear leading to
negligible penalty for causing an incidentPoor community preparedness / awarenessEnvironmental degradation precipitating disastersEnvironmental impact of developmentPrimitive search –rescue –communicationInadequate relief managementUnprofessional – amateur approach
DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT ?
FIRST PRIORITY •RESCUE AFFECTED POPULATION
NEXT PRIORITY •PROVIDE SHELTER AND SUSTENANCE
POST DISASTER •REHABILITATE AFFECTED POPULATION•RESTORE LIVELY HOOD
DISASTER WASTE
MANAGEMENT
•disaster waste management not specifically targeted but gets done as a consequence of normal recovery over a prolonged period of time.
LESSONS LEARNT -HURRICANE KATRINA ALMOST 2000 DEAD COST 81 BILLON $ CONTAMINATION OF WATER BODIES LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD LOSS OF WILD LIFE HABITAT CREATED LARGE OIL SPILLS LONG AND HARD RECOVERY HUGE WASTE MANAGEMENT LOAD
Spill Location Estimate in ltrs
Bass Enterprises (Cox Bay)
14,300,000
Shell (Pilot town) 4,000,000
Chevron (Empire) 3,750,000
Murphy Oil (Meraux and Chalmette)
3,100,000
Bass Enterprises 1,750,000
Chevron 200,000
LESSONS LEARNT – BP OIL SPILL
• HUGE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COST• LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD FOR COASTAL COMMUNITIES• LONG TERM RECOVERY EFFORTS• 75 % OF THE OIL RELEASED STILL EXISTS IN THE
ENVIRONEMENT
Category Estimate
Direct recovery from wellhead 17%
Burned at the surface 5%
Skimmed from the surface 3%
Chemically dispersed 8%
Naturally dispersed 16%
Evaporated or dissolved 25%
Residual remaining 26%
LESSONS LEARNT – CHERNOBYL
• LARGE AREAS HAVE BEEN LAID WASTE
• HUMAN COST HAS BEEN VERY HIGH, EVEN TODAY GENETIC DISORDERS ARE PLACING A HEAVY BURDEN ON THE SOCIETY
• THREAT OF BREACH OF THE CONTAINMENT FOR THE NUCLEAR REACTOR STILL EXISTS , INVOLVING FURTHER INVESTMENT WHICH IS NOW BEING SOUGHT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
TYPES OF DISASTER WASTE
PRIMARY
WASTE
•WASTE GENERATED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF A DIASASTER
SECONDARY
WASTE
•WASTE GENERATED BY RELIEF EFFORTS
TYPES OF PRIMARY DISASTER WASTECommon debris containing concrete, various types of roofing
material, wood, insulation, earth / mud , and a large amount of plastic
Trees, branches and leaves; vegetation and foliagePetroleum products, combustible fuels and their residueFurniture and other household goodsElectricity poles; Transformers and other Wasted Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (WEEE) related to the electrical transmission and communication lines
Hospital waste; corpses and dead animalsSewage from burst municipal lines, and garbage from
temporary storage sitesItems containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), asbestos and
other hazardous substancesMetal scrap from damaged buildings, industrial structures, and
vehicles.
TYPES OF SECONDARY DISASTER WASTE
MUNICIPAL WASTE AND SEWAGE GENERATED AT RELIEF CENTRES HOUSING LARGE POLULATION
PACKAGING MATERIAL RECEIVED FROM RELIEF AGENCIES
MEDICAL WASTE FROM FIELD HOSPITALS
PEOPLE / ANIMALS SUCCUMBING TO DISEASE / INJURY
MUNICIPAL WASTE AND SEWAGE FROM TOWNS AND CITIES WHERE EXISTING DRAINAGE / SEWAGE SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN DAMAGED / NON OPERATIONAL , WHERE PEOPLE CONTINUE TO LIVE
PLANNING FOR DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT ESTIMATE
MAGNITUDE AND COMPOSITION OF DISASTER WASTE
FOR EACH
DISTRICT /
TYPE OF DISASTER
DEV
ELOP
PLANS FOR WA
STE COLLECTION AND DISPOS
AL
COLLATE INFORMATION ON AVAILABLE
RESOURCES
IN
DISTRICT /
STATE
TRAINING FOR SAFE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL
EXECUTE PLAN
MODEL FOR DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT
ACTION STAGES
PRE DISASTER(48 - 96 HRS)
DISASTER DURATION
POST DISASTER(UPTO 30 DAYS)
PRE DISASTER ACTIONS
Mobilization / staging of resources
Retrieval of assets (trucks / large transports/ material handling equipment and cranes) from the disaster zone
Notice to municipal / private waste management facilities
Evacuation of population to temporary shelters and securing the likely disaster zone for minimizing waste
Pre position NDRF components if necessary
Notice to identified industries, power plants, refineries in the disaster zone for safe containment / removal of hazardous materials and also for precautionary shutdown of plants
ACTIONS DURING DISASTER
Ensure controlled shutting down of the electricity grid
Mount rescue efforts for saving lives using NDRF components and volunteers
Activate disaster management centre outside the affected zone and Continuously monitor developing situation and relay reports to higher formations (SDMA/NDMA)
Evacuation of population from effected zones
POST DISASTER ACTIONS
Rescue and relief efforts targeted at the affected population
Survey of disaster zone for extent and nature of disaster waste
Employ designated resources for primary disaster waste collection / segregation and disposal
Take adequate steps to minimize secondary disaster waste as it adds to clean up effort
Undertake clean up of hazardous sites to minimise long term impact
Restore electric supply , municipal waste / sewage / water treatment plants and other services as a priority for faster recovery of affected towns / districts
PRIVATE / CORPORATE PARTNERSHIP ? OUTSOURCING DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT CAN BE EXAMINED
AS A OPTION
LOCAL MUNICIPAL STAFF WOULD NOT BE AVAILABLE FOR THE PURPOSE AS THEY WOULD THEMSELVES BE AFFECTED
OUTSOURCING DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION WOULD RELIEVE THE DISTRICT / STATE MACHINERY TO CONCENTRATE ON RELIEF AND REHABILITATON EFFORTS
HOLDING SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT ( CHEMICAL FIELD LABORATORY, SOIL, AIR AND WATER SAMPLING AND TESTING EQUIPMENT ) AT THE STATE WOULD ENABLE FASTER / SCIENTIFIC RESPONSE POST DISASTER.
INVITING PRIVATE PARTIES TO PROVIDE SUCH SERVICES FOR EACH STATE WOULD BE EFFECTIVE AS THEY CAN MOBILISE FASTER.
TECHNICAL COMPLEXITY
Biological
ChemicalNuclear
A NEW DIMENSION!!LOW HIGH
LOWHIGH
RISK
Use of Chemical Agents –Iraq• 1988 nerve and cyanide gas was employed against the Kurds
• Over 5,000 died 75% women and children
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF A CBRN DISASTER
SUCH AN INCIDENT WILL LAY WASTE LARGE AREAS OF HUMAN HABITATION, THOUSANDS OF SQUARE KMS FOR MANY DECADES
LOSS OF LIVELY HOOD AND RELOCATION OF AFFECTED POPULATION WOULD BE MAJOR CHALLENGES
CONTAINMENT OF THE HAZARD AND ISOLATION / PREVENTING ACCESS TO THE DISASTER ZONE WILL BE CRITICAL FOR LIMITING SPREAD
DECONTAMINATION AND MONITORING OF VOLUNTEERS / RESCUE PERSONNEL ENTERING THE AFFECTED ZONE WILL BE NECESSARY
REMOVAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIAL FOR SAFE STORAGE WILL BE A PRIORITY TO PREVENT GROUND WATER / CROSS CONTAMINATION
ELIMINATION OF WILD LIFE / LIVESTOCK BY CULLING IS AN ACCEPTED PRACTICE, HOWEVER DISPOSAL OF THE CRACASSES WILL NEED TO BE PLANNED
FOR UNDERTAKING THE ABOVE TASKS TRAINED MANPOWER WOULD BE NEED IN LARGE NUMBERS AS TIME ON TASK WOULD BE LIMITED DUE TO EXPOSURE LIMITATIONS
NEW TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
CONCLUSIONDisaster waste management
should be given adequate focus at the planning stage
Industry expertise in the field should be harnessed for mounting a systematic and professional waste management action plan post disaster
Policy guidelines / regulations for tackling CBRN incidents / accidents should be evolved to meet the challenges of the prevailing politico-security environment
THANKYOU