WASHINGTON TO WASHINGTON TO MADISONMADISON

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

ProblemsProblems

-No federal laws-No federal laws-No courts-No courts-No law enforcement-No law enforcement-No money-No money-No taxes-No taxes-No foreign policy-No foreign policy-No military-No military-Huge war debt-Huge war debt

SolutionsSolutions-Judiciary Act: Supreme Court-Judiciary Act: Supreme Court

judicial reviewjudicial review 13 district courts13 district courts

-Create a cabinet: advisors-Create a cabinet: advisorsHamiltonHamilton Jefferson Jefferson Knox Knox

RandolphRandolph

TreasuryTreasury State State War Attorney War Attorney GeneralGeneral

Hamilton solves the money problemHamilton solves the money problem

-States pay debts-States pay debts

-Government bonds: money borrowed from -Government bonds: money borrowed from the the

people that must people that must be be repaidrepaid

-Assumption Bill: government takes the -Assumption Bill: government takes the states debts states debts

-Bank of the United States-Bank of the United States-safe place to store money-safe place to store money-government could borrow more-government could borrow more-paper money-paper money-check-check

Jefferson objectsJefferson objects-wealthy controls-wealthy controls-small banks go broke-small banks go broke--

UNCONSTITUTIONALUNCONSTITUTIONAL

Hamilton and Jefferson begin to disagree!!!!Hamilton and Jefferson begin to disagree!!!!

-protective tariff: hurts foreign competition-protective tariff: hurts foreign competition

protects businessesprotects businesses

hurts farmershurts farmers

-excise tax: whiskey-excise tax: whiskey

hurts Appalachian farmershurts Appalachian farmers

- Whiskey Rebellion- Whiskey Rebellion

-Washington used troops to put down-Washington used troops to put down

-WASHINGTON SHOWED HE COULD -WASHINGTON SHOWED HE COULD ENFORCE ENFORCE THE LAW!!!!THE LAW!!!!

Foreign policy = NEUTRALITYForeign policy = NEUTRALITYU.S. almost goes to warU.S. almost goes to war

France: Neutrality ActFrance: Neutrality Act

England: Jay’s TreatyEngland: Jay’s Treaty

gave fur trade to Englandgave fur trade to England

settlers hatedsettlers hated

Spain: Pickney TreatySpain: Pickney Treaty

Mississippi RiverMississippi River

WASHINGTON’S FAREWELLWASHINGTON’S FAREWELL

Two WarningsTwo Warnings

-trouble with foreign countries-trouble with foreign countries

-political parties-political parties

FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS VSVS REPUBLICANS REPUBLICANSHAMILTONHAMILTON JEFFERSONJEFFERSON

John AdamsJohn Adams

-Federalist-Federalist-Washington’s VP-Washington’s VP-wife: Abigail-wife: Abigail-very educated-very educated-Vice President: Thomas Jefferson-Vice President: Thomas Jefferson

RepublicanRepublican

President and VP are from two different President and VP are from two different parties!!!parties!!!

Most votes: PresidentMost votes: President 22ndnd most: VP most: VP

ProblemsProblems

France: XYZ AFFAIRFrance: XYZ AFFAIR

negotiate to prevent warnegotiate to prevent war

XYZ: charge $250,000XYZ: charge $250,000

Americans want warAmericans want war

Adams keeps America out of war Adams keeps America out of war

Adam’s response: ALIEN AND SEDITION Adam’s response: ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS ACTS

-stronger citizenship laws-stronger citizenship laws

-President can kick out dangerous aliens-President can kick out dangerous aliens

-Imprison aliens during war-Imprison aliens during war

-Sedition: fined and jailed for speaking -Sedition: fined and jailed for speaking out out against the President against the President

Republicans put in jail and aliens can’t voteRepublicans put in jail and aliens can’t vote

Republican Response:Republican Response:

JeffersonJefferson MadisonMadison

VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTION:VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTION:

A state has the power to declare a law null and A state has the power to declare a law null and void(unconstitutional)void(unconstitutional)

Result:Result: Adams loses electionAdams loses election

Republicans take overRepublicans take over

Adams wants Federalists to keep powerAdams wants Federalists to keep power

Appoints MIDNIGHT JUDGES to the Supreme Appoints MIDNIGHT JUDGES to the Supreme Court on his last minute in officeCourt on his last minute in office

MARBURY V MADISON: UNCONSTITUTIONALMARBURY V MADISON: UNCONSTITUTIONAL

-first court case to rule something -first court case to rule something unconstitutionalunconstitutional

-AFFIRMS JUDICIAL REVIEW-AFFIRMS JUDICIAL REVIEW

John Marshall: Supreme Court Chief John Marshall: Supreme Court Chief Justice Justice

FederalistFederalist

MAKES THE GOVERNMENT STRONGER!!MAKES THE GOVERNMENT STRONGER!!

Election of 1800:Election of 1800:Federalists: Adams and PickneyFederalists: Adams and Pickney

vsvsRepublicans: Jefferson and BurrRepublicans: Jefferson and Burr

ELECTION ENDS IN A TIE: between ELECTION ENDS IN A TIE: between Jefferson and BurrJefferson and Burr

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTS JEFFERSON PRESIDENTJEFFERSON PRESIDENT

Hamilton told them Burr was a punk Hamilton told them Burr was a punk

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

-Republican-Republican

-VP Aaron Burr-VP Aaron Burr

-slave owner-slave owner

-Declaration of Independence-Declaration of Independence

-Virginia and Kentucky Resolution-Virginia and Kentucky Resolution

-walked to his inauguration in plain clothes-walked to his inauguration in plain clothes

Problems with France:Problems with France:

-controlled Louisiana-controlled Louisiana

-cut off Mississippi and New Orleans-cut off Mississippi and New Orleans

-U.S. offers $10 million for West Florida-U.S. offers $10 million for West Florida

-Napoleon gives the Louisiana Purchase for -Napoleon gives the Louisiana Purchase for $15 million$15 million

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

-Lewis and Clark-Lewis and Clark

-explore the territory and bring back samples-explore the territory and bring back samples

-Found the territory was rich in resources-Found the territory was rich in resources

Pirates:Pirates:

-Barbary states(Africa)-Barbary states(Africa)

-charging tribute-charging tribute

-Jefferson sends in the Navy-Jefferson sends in the Navy

-national pride erupts-national pride erupts

Jefferson wants to repeal Federalist lawsJefferson wants to repeal Federalist laws

-Alien and Sedition Acts-Alien and Sedition Acts

-Midnight Judges-Midnight Judges

-Excise tax-Excise tax

-Cuts military funding-Cuts military funding

Should weaken the federal government but Should weaken the federal government but actually makes it STRONGERactually makes it STRONGER

-Louisiana Purchase-Louisiana Purchase

-Barbary Pirates-Barbary Pirates

-Kept the National Bank-Kept the National Bank

Burr and Hamilton DuelBurr and Hamilton Duel

Aaron BurrAaron Burr Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

BURR KILLS HAMILTONBURR KILLS HAMILTON

Almost war again:Almost war again:-England and France are fighting-England and France are fighting

-English law: America can’t trade with France-English law: America can’t trade with France -French law: America can’t trade with England-French law: America can’t trade with England

-England and France “impress” sailors-England and France “impress” sailors

EMBARGO ACT: America trades with EMBARGO ACT: America trades with neither neither

War is avoided but merchants, sailors, and War is avoided but merchants, sailors, and farmers are unhappyfarmers are unhappy

Jefferson doesn’t run for a third term out of Jefferson doesn’t run for a third term out of respect for Washington (unwritten constitution)respect for Washington (unwritten constitution)

James MadisonJames Madison

-Republican-Republican

-wife: Dolly (very fashionable)-wife: Dolly (very fashionable)

-short-short

-poor health-poor health

-tried unsuccessfully to keep-tried unsuccessfully to keep

America out of warAmerica out of war

War of 1812War of 1812

Causes:Causes:

-Freedom of Seas-Freedom of Seas

-Impressment: seizing sailors-Impressment: seizing sailors

-Land Hunger: Canada-Land Hunger: Canada

-Tecumseh encouraged to attack-Tecumseh encouraged to attack

settlerssettlers

-War Hawks: Congressmen that want war-War Hawks: Congressmen that want war

-National Pride-National Pride

EVENTSEVENTS

-U.S.S. Constitution: Old Ironsides-U.S.S. Constitution: Old Ironsides

-Washington burned-Washington burned-Star Spangled Banner-Star Spangled Banner

by Francis Scott Keyby Francis Scott Key

Andrew Jackson and the Battle of New Andrew Jackson and the Battle of New OrleansOrleans

Effects:Effects:

-Manufacturing developed-Manufacturing developed

-strong national government and navy-strong national government and navy

-nationalism-nationalism

-Federalists disappeared-Federalists disappeared

-national heroes: -national heroes:

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson William HarrisonWilliam Harrison