Washington Heads the New Government Mr. Vanderporten United States History The Government???? 1. In your opinion, what is the role of the government in the United States? 2. If a country was starting a new government, what could they do to gain the trust of its citizens? 3. Nowadays in the United States, do you think most people like or dislike the government? Explain. George Washington After the Revolution, America needs a strong leader Unanimous choice in the first presidential ballot First president of the U.S. under the Constitution Need to create a new government Election of 1789, (No NC, RI, and NY) Creating the New Government Constitution was a good base but doesnt tell how to govern Need to figure out how to raise revenue and provide for defense Basically, they are starting from scratch! Need to create a federal court system Judiciary Act of 1789: creates the U.S.s judicial structure Federal laws= the supreme law of the land Washington Shapes the Executive Branch Washington needs help making policies/carrying out laws Executive Branch: used to be just the Pres. and Vice Pres. Congress creates three executive departments Department of State=deals with foreign affairs Department of War=handles military matters Department of the Treasury=manages finances Washingtons Cabinet Cabinet= the group of department heads who serve as the presidents chief advisers Secretary of StateThomas Jefferson Secretary of the TreasuryAlexander Hamilton Secretary of WarHenry Knox Attorney General (chief lawyer of the federal government) Edmund Randolph Hamilton and Jefferson Debate Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton and Jefferson Both have very different political ideas Thomas JeffersonAlexander Hamilton -strong state and local governments-strong central government -democracy of virtuous farmers and tradespeople -led by educated elite of upper-class citizens -economy based on farming-economy based on shipping and manufacturing -Supporters: the plain people (farmers, tradespeople) -Supporters: merchants, manufacturers, landowners, investors, lawyers, clergy Hamiltons Economic Plan Ive got a lot of ideas about the economy! We need to deal with debt and create a banking system. Alexander Hamilton Hamiltons Economic Plan 1790: Hamilton believes the United States is in debt millions of dollars because of the American Revolution National government: 2/3 of national debt Individual states: owe the rest Money is owed to foreign governments and private citizens Hamilton: pay off the foreign debt and assume the debts of the states Would create loyalty to the federal government Upsets the South, debate over powers of the federal government The First Political Parties and Rebellion Political Parties Today Bell Ringer 1.What makes someone a Democrat? 2.What makes someone a Republican? 3.What are some good things about having political parties? 4.What are some bad things about having political parties? Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans Remember.. Hamilton and Jefferson do not get along. Their conflict divides the cabinet Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans Split between Jefferson and Hamilton gave rise to the countrys first political parties Debate over major key issue: the power and size of the federal government in relation to state and local governments Hamilton= strong central government (FEDERALISTS) Jefferson= strong state governments (DEMOCRATIC- REPUBLICANS) George Washington: very concerned about political parties, not good for national unity Two party system: political system dominated by two major parties Washington did not favor the creation of political parties. Would hurt national unity. The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Took place during Washingtons second term 1789: Congress passed a protective tariff (tax goods imported from Europe) Meant to encourage American production, Buy American! Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton wants more revenue!!! Pushes through an excise tax Excise Tax: a tax on a products manufacture, sale, or distribution Tax the manufacture of whiskey The Whiskey Rebellion (1794) Whiskey producers=small farmers, major crop was corn Distilled corn into whiskey which would be sold at market Furious by the excise tax, farmers in western Pennsylvania refuse to pay the tax Hamilton: need to show the federal govt is strong, call up 15,000 militia men with Washington put down the rebellion Federal power takes care of domestic affairs Whiskey Rebellion Flag Jefferson Alters the Nations Course The Jefferson Presidency Replaces Federalists with Democratic-Republicans Wants to shrink the federal government Reduces the size of the army, wants free trade AKA No More Taxes!!!!! First president to take office in the new federal capital, Washington, D.C. Shows that the South is becoming more important Democratic-Republicans are gaining in power and popularity, Farmers in new states tend to vote for D-Rs The United States Expands West Americans continue moving west across the Appalachians during Jeffersons presidency Pioneers keep moving west, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, etc. The Louisiana Purchase France convinces Spain to return the Louisiana Territory Jefferson doesnt like the idea of a French presence in the middle of the continent The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon Bonaparte is the leader of France Not concerned with American empire, more focused on war in Europe Ill sell you all that land for $15 million dollars. Come on! It is just $.03 an acre! 828,000 square miles of land!!!! The Louisiana Purchase Bonaparte sells huge amount of land for $15 million Senate approves the purchase in 1803 Doubles the size of the United States!!!!!! Lewis and Clark Jefferson wants to explore the new territory, (St. Louis to the Pacific) Meriwether Lewis and William Clark lead Corps of Discovery Collect information about unknown plants and animals Met Native American woman named Sacajawea who served as interpreter and guide The Louisiana Purchase (pg. 200) 1. What were the approximate latitude and longitude boundaries of the United States before the Louisiana Purchase? 2. What were they after the purchase? 3. What country controlled territory to the north of the U.S. boundary? To the south and west? 4. What seaport did the United States gain through the Louisiana Purchase? 5. By what proportion did the size of the United States increase as a result of the purchase? 6. After the purchase, what formed our eastern and western boundaries? 7. Control of which natural feature was the most important geographical advantage of the purchase? 8. U.S. possession of the Louisiana lands gave what four other major rivers permanent access to New Orleans and export- shipping facilities?