Warm Up Thursday 1/27

Why is a globe a limited tool for people to use?

Get homework out!

How Globes are Made

Five Basic concepts are presented in this chapter and book

• Space

• Place

• Region

• Scale

• Connections

How Geographers Address Location

• Maps• Eratosthenes was the 1st to use “geography”

– Map scale:– Fraction– Written statement– Graphic bar scale

IMPORTANT: the larger the area covered the smaller the scale will be

Projection

Projection• Method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface

to a flat map• Problems?

The human face on four different projections

© ODT, Inc. www.odtmaps.org/link.htm#stm

Key Issue 1

• How do geographers describe where things are?– Maps– Cotemporary tools

U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785

• Divided country into a pattern distribution

Township & Range

System in the US

Fig. 1-4: Principal meridians & east-west baselines of the township system. Townships in northwest Mississippi & topographic map of the area.

How Geographers Address Location

• Contemporary Tools– GIS– Remote sensing– GPS

Layers of a GIS

Fig. 1-5: A geographic information system (GIS) stores information about a location in several layers. Each layer represents a different category of information.

Remote Sensing

Hobo-Dyer, North on top

© ODT, www.odtmaps.org/link.htm#hdp

Hobo-Dyer, South on top

© ODT, www.odtmaps.org/link.htm#hdp

South Up, Africa-centered

© ODT, www.odtmaps.org/link.htm#hdp

USA as seen from Canada

© www.worldeagle.com/3012.htm

The Earth at Night

Courtesy of NASA. www.odtmaps.org/link2.htm#4nasa

Do facts make maps or do maps make facts?

© ODT, www.odtmaps.org/link.htm#stm

Key Issue 2

• Why/How is each point on earth unique?– place– region

Uniqueness of Places & Regions

• Place: point with specific features– toponym– Site – Situation – Mathematical location

Mathematical Location• Meridian- arc b/t N and S

– Longitude• 0 to 180 east or west• Prime meridian- Greenwich England• time

• Parallel- lines run parallel to equator – latitude

Longitude/Time

• Earth makes a complete rotation every 24 hours and as a sphere is divided up into 360 degrees of longitude

• 360 degrees divided by 24 hours in a day = 15 degrees

• Every 15 degrees your travel east or west takes you either an hour earlier or later than the starting point.

Example

• Eastern Standard Time Zone is near 75 degrees west longitude.

• Central Standard Time Zone is near 90 degrees west longitude.

• 90-75 = 15 degrees therefore the Central Standard Time Zone is one hour earlier than Eastern

Example

• Mountain Standard Time Zone is near 105 degrees west longitude.

• Eastern is near 75 degrees west longitude.

• 105-75 = 30 degrees

• Mountain Standard Time Zone is 2 hours behind the Eastern Time Zone

• Equator is 0°

• North Pole is 90° north latitude

• South Pole is 90° south latitude