Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf ·...
-
Upload
nguyendiep -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf ·...
![Page 1: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Walnut Nutrition Management:
Where, When & How (Much?)
Katherine Pope
UCCE Sac-Solano-YoloMarch 11, 2015
![Page 2: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Principles of N Management
• N Budget Worksheet
• Areas for Improved Efficiency
![Page 3: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Take Aways
1) 30 – 44 lbs N / ton
harvested nuts
2) Demand steady over
growing season
3) Roots in top 2-3 feet
![Page 4: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Care?
Ag 94% groundwater N
30+% of wells
over EPA limits
94% from Crops
Images: Harter et al, 2012
![Page 5: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
4 R’s of N Management
• Apply the RIGHT RATE
• Apply at the RIGHT TIME
• Apply in the RIGHT PLACE
• Using the RIGHT SOURCE
![Page 6: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
4 R’s of N Management
• Apply the RIGHT RATE – How Much
• Apply at the RIGHT TIME - When
• Apply in the RIGHT PLACE - Where
• Using the RIGHT SOURCE
![Page 7: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Methods – NPK Demand Model
Apr– Nov
May – Sept/OctSenescence
Jan, Apr, May, Jul, Nov
3 x Chandler, Tulare 10 trees / site
![Page 8: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
4 R’s of N Management
• Apply the RIGHT RATE
• Match SUPPLY w/ tree DEMAND
• Fertilizer + organic N + water
![Page 9: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nutrients in Fruit - Totals
N (lbs/ton) - 2013
Site Nuts Hulls
N Chandler 25.86 a 0.66
D Chandler 30.90 a 0.52
S Chandler 24.62 a 0.68
N Tulare 24.82 b 0.75
D Tulare 31.82 a 1.29
S Tulare 26.94 b 1.91
N / ton of nuts (in-shell, 8% moist) and assoc. hulls.
*Letters show dif’s w/in cv.
Meat & Shell: 25-32 lbs
Hulls: 0.5-2 lbs
Other Scraps: 0.5-2 lbs
New Growth: 4-8 lbs
=
30-44 lbs N / ton in-shell
![Page 10: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
4 R’s of N Management
• Apply at the RIGHT TIME
• Match w/ timing of tree demand,
root uptake
• Trees take up nutrients when
needed, not when applied
![Page 11: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nitrogen in Fruit - Monthly
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
N (
Lbs
/ To
n In
-Sh
ell H
arve
sted
)
Chandler - N - 2013
PreviousIn-Month
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
N (
Lbs
/ To
n In
-Sh
ell H
arve
sted
)
Tulare - N - 2013
24%
24%
28%
24%
20%
29%
19%
14%
18%
N accumulation in fruit fairly evenly distributed over the course of the
growing season for both cultivars
![Page 12: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
N Content of Perennial Parts
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
% N
Month
SmlRt
LrgRt
Branc
Canop
Scaff
Trunk
*
*
![Page 13: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nitrogen in Fruit - Monthly
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
N (
Lbs
/ To
n In
-Sh
ell H
arve
sted
)
Chandler - N - 2013
PreviousIn-Month
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
N (
Lbs
/ To
n In
-Sh
ell H
arve
sted
)
Tulare - N - 2013
24%
24%
28%
24%
20%
29%
19%
14%
18%
N accumulation in fruit fairly evenly distributed over the course of the
growing season for both cultivars
![Page 14: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
4 R’s of N Management
• Apply in the RIGHT PLACE
• Delivery to active roots
• N moves w/ water
• Minimize movement below
root zone
![Page 15: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Courtesy www.IPNI.orgLampinen et al
Surface N + 90 min irrig’t
Roots in top 30”
N moves 6-9”
in 90 min
![Page 16: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Show worksheet
![Page 17: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nutrients
Kathy Kelley-Anderson et al: ANR Pub # 21623
Supply = Demand
Loss
![Page 19: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Show worksheet
![Page 20: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Show worksheetDEMAND
![Page 21: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Show worksheetDEMAND
(supply)
(supply)
(supply)
![Page 22: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Show worksheetDEMAND
(supply)
(supply)
(supply)
NonFert N Supply
![Page 23: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Show worksheetDEMAND
(supply)
(supply)
(supply)
NonFert N Supply
NonFertDemand - =Tree Needs
![Page 24: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Show worksheetDEMAND
(supply)
(supply)
(supply)
NonFert N Supply
NonFertDemand - =Tree Needs
Need / =Effic.
Amt of
Fertilizer to
Apply
![Page 25: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hypothetical
• Jonny Walnut Grower
– Yield: 3 tons / ac / year
– Groundwater: 12 ppm Nitrate
– No Compost or Cover Crop
– 100 lbs N demand
![Page 26: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1. Nitrogen removed in crop
3 120
![Page 27: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2. Nitrogen from
irrigation water
12 429
20
![Page 28: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
0
20
0
20
![Page 29: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
6. Additional nitrogen
needed
![Page 30: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
6. Additional nitrogen
needed
3 120
20
100
![Page 31: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
7. Nitrogen fertilizer
application rate
100
100 0.4 250
![Page 32: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
7. Nitrogen fertilizer
application rate
100
100 0.7 143
![Page 33: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
70 0.7 143
Right Time
Right Place
4 R’s of N Management
Right Rate
![Page 34: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
4 R’s of N Management
• Apply at the RIGHT TIME
• Match w/ timing of tree demand,
root uptake
• Trees take up nutrients when
needed, not when applied
![Page 35: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Nitrogen in Fruit - Monthly
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
N (
Lbs
/ To
n In
-Sh
ell H
arve
sted
)
Chandler - N - 2013
PreviousIn-Month
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
N (
Lbs
/ To
n In
-Sh
ell H
arve
sted
)
Tulare - N - 2013
24%
24%
28%
24%
20%
29%
19%
14%
18%
N accumulation in fruit fairly evenly distributed over the course of the
growing season for both cultivars
![Page 36: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
4 R’s of N Management
• Apply in the RIGHT PLACE
• Delivery to active roots
• N moves w/ water
• Minimize movement below
root zone
![Page 37: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Courtesy www.IPNI.orgLampinen et al
Surface N + 90 min irrig’t
Roots in top 30”
N moves 6-9”
in 90 min
![Page 38: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
5th R – Leaf MonitoRing
• Monitor impact of changing practices
• Deficiencies affect crop before leaves
• Protocol:
• Sample in July
• Only terminal leaflets
• 6-8 ft from ground, tree periphery
• ~50 leaflets from area of interest,
scattered
![Page 39: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Take Aways
1) 30 – 44 lbs N / ton
harvested nuts
2) Demand steady over
growing season
3) Roots in top 2-3 feet
![Page 40: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Resources• Sac Valley Water Coalition – svwqc.org
• Walnut Production Manual, ANR 3373
• Guide to Efficient Nitrogen Fertilizer Use in Walnut Orchards, ANR 21623
• Fruit & Nut Research and Information Center (FNRIC) fruitsandnuts.ucdavis.edu
• Patrick Brown, Ted DeJong, Sebastian Saa, Andres Olivos, Kathy Kelley, Joe Grant, Janine Hasey
• Funding: CWB, CDFA
Contributors
![Page 41: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/water_issues/irrigated_lands/coalition_groups/
![Page 42: Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How …cecontracosta.ucanr.edu/files/209257.pdf · Walnut Nutrition Management: Where, When & How (Much?) ... •Monitor impact of changing](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020414/5ba1c4b609d3f2bb6a8cf7a8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
www.svwqc.org/sacramento-valley-watersheds/