Walloon Agricultural Research Centre Extending Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS) for mapping...

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre

Extending Crop Growth Monitoring Extending Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS) for mapping drought System (CGMS) for mapping drought

stress at regional scalestress at regional scale

D. Buffet, R. OgerWalloon Agricultural Research Centre

Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit

F. Delongueville, B. TychonUniversity of Liège, Sciences & Management Dept.

Workshop on Climatic Analysis and Mapping for Agriculture 14-17 June 2005, Bologna, Italy

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre

Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)Biometry, Data processing and Agrometeorology Unit

[email protected] – [email protected]

European heat-wave in summer European heat-wave in summer 20032003

August 2003 – © CNES

The effects of the drought on vegetation in August 2003 is clearly visible at a global scale.

Special meteorological weather conditions:

• Rainfall deficit• Higher temperatures

But similar or different impacts on various

crops ?

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Belgian conditions in 2003Belgian conditions in 2003

In Belgium, for specific crops, productivities were similar or better in 2003 than 2002 !!

Relative difference (%) between productivity in July 2003 with the same period in 2002. (Derived from SPOT-VGT images and meteorological data).

This can be explained by earlier maturity due to climatic conditions more favorable than last year at the same time.

Decade

DV

S (

Ph

en

olo

gic

al In

dex)

Monitoring drought stress spatially and

temporally

20032002

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



What is drought?What is drought?

Drought is a temporary protracted period of deficient (unusual) in water or moisture availability. 3 different droughts can be considered; Meteorological, Hydrological and Agricultural droughts.(sources FAO & NDMC)

Agricultural Drought:Agricultural Drought:Agricultural drought occurs when there is not enough soil moisture to meet the needs of a particular crop at a particular time and in a particular place resulting in extensive damage to crops.

• It is the impact of meteorological and/or hydrological droughts on crop yields and quality. => Rainfall & Soil Moisture Monitoring

• Different impacts depending on the crop• Different impacts depending on the phenological stageSpatialised Drought Index based on soil moisture deficit ratio

and specific to crops and their growth cycle

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



An integrated system : B-CGMSAn integrated system : B-CGMS

The aim of B-CGMS is to provide the Belgian authorities with reliable, timely and objective estimations of crop yields / productions at regional and national scales.

• Based on the EU-CGMS (MARS – JRC)

• B-CGMS = Agrometeorological model + Remote Sensing + Statistics

• B-CGMS monitors crop development, driven by:

1. meteorological conditions2. soil characteristics3. crop parameters4. satellite data

5 main crops + grasslands monitored at regional & national scales

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Extending B-CGMS for mapping Extending B-CGMS for mapping drought stress at regional scaledrought stress at regional scale

14 480 Elementary Mapping Units for Belgium

Grid weather Soil Mapping Units Administrative limits

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Extending B-CGMS for mapping Extending B-CGMS for mapping drought stress at regional scaledrought stress at regional scale

Development and integration of a Drought Stress Indicator using B-CGMS information (input and output data).

• Meteorological data

• Availability of spatially accurate soil characteristics

• Availability of spatially land-use/land-cover

• 5 main crops + grasslands parameters

• Spatial information

• Time series (Monitoring)

Drought Stress Index

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Step 1: Relative Soil Moisture IndexStep 1: Relative Soil Moisture Index [RSMI][RSMI]

θt - θwp

RSMI = θfc - θwp

Actual soil moisture content

[cm3 cm-3]

Soil moisture content at wilting point

[cm3 cm-3]

Soil moisture content at field

capacity

[cm3 cm-3]

Relative SoilMoisture Index

[%]

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



B-CGMS Soil Moisture (inputs)B-CGMS Soil Moisture (inputs)

θwp

θfc

n

rsatr

hh

1)(

Volumetric soil water content as a function of

pressure head h

sat = 0,81 + 0,0013*C - 0,283*BD [cm³/cm³]

r = 0,015 + 0,005*C + 0,0139*OC [cm³/cm³]

ln() = -2,486 + 0,025/S - 0,023*C - 0,351*OC - 2,617*BD ln(n) = 0,053 - 0,009*S - 0,013*C + 0,00015*S²

Vereecken Pedotransfert

functions

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Relative Soil Moisture Index Relative Soil Moisture Index [RSMI][RSMI]

θt - θwp

RSMI = θfc - θwp

Actual soil moisture content

[cm3 cm-3]

Relative SoilMoisture Index

[%]

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



B-CGMS Soil Moisture (outputs)B-CGMS Soil Moisture (outputs)

Crops

Weather

Soil

Temporal

θt

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Step 2: Soil Moisture Deficit Step 2: Soil Moisture Deficit ThresholdThreshold

[T][T]

Forage Maize: T = 0.50Winter Wheat: T = 0.55

• RSMI < T Drought Stress

• RSMI >= T No Drought Stress

Soil moisture deficit threshold is crop specific

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Step 3: Crop Sensitive Period Step 3: Crop Sensitive Period [SP][SP]

• Phenological development stages come from B-CGMS outputs

Forage Maize: SP = anthesis +/- 15 days ( 5 weeks)

Winter wheat: SP = From Stem elongation to grain

filling ( 8 weeks)

Water stress is crop specific and is function of the crop phenological development stage.

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Step 4: Drought Stress Index Step 4: Drought Stress Index [DSI][DSI]

DSI is defined as the number of days affected by a water stress which occurred during a critical period and for a given crop

Drought Stress Index = ∑ (RSMI < T ) SP

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



Step 5: Aggregation into Step 5: Aggregation into administrative limitsadministrative limits

14 480 Elementary Mapping Units

14 Belgian Agricultural Regions

26 Belgian Agro-statistical Circumscriptions

570 Belgian Municipalities

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



DSI: detect water stress by cropsDSI: detect water stress by crops

Winter Wheat

Forage Maize


2003

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



DSI: Spatial comparaisonDSI: Spatial comparaison

Yield 2003/2002 (%)



Yield 2003/2002 (%)

2003

Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



DSI: Temporal comparaisonDSI: Temporal comparaison

2002

2003

1976

Forage Maize


Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



DSI: Water stress monitoringDSI: Water stress monitoring

Week 18 Week 19 Week 20

Week 21 Week 22 Week 23

Forage Maize


Walloon

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral R

esearc

h

Cen

tre



ConclusionConclusion

Drought Stress Index allows:

- Spatial water stress assessment (grid 10x10km or Administrative levels)

- Temporal water stress assessment (10-day time step)

Useful tool for Administration:

- Water stress monitoring to identify calamities areas

- Water stress monitoring to identify affected crops

- Decision Support Tool for yield damage delineation and evaluation

Is based on:

- Meteorological parameters (Precipitation deficit assessment)

- Soil characteristics (Soil moisture deficit assessment)

- Crop specificities (Soil moisture deficit threshold)

- Phenological development stage (Crop sensitive period)

Walloon Agricultural Research Centre Extending Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS) for mapping...

Documents

Transcript of Walloon Agricultural Research Centre Extending Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS) for mapping...