W3V13 Drilling V2016 Handout

7/25/2019 W3V13 Drilling V2016 Handout

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W3V13 - Drilling W3V13 - Drilling p. 1

IFPEN - IFP School 2016 / TOTAL SA 2016

IFPEN - IFP School 2015 / TOTAL SA 2015 / IFP Training 2015

Oil & Gas

From exploration to distribution

Week 3 V13 Drilling

Isabelle Rey-Fabret


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Introduction

In the preio!" le""on #e "a# #ith the re"eroir engineer" ho# to $e%ine& in the %iel$

$eelop'ent "cenario& #here to $rill the #ell"(

No#& $!ring thi" le""on& #e #ill "ee ho# to $rill the'(

1( Fir"t o% all& let)" "ee ho# to $e"cri*e the "!*"!r%ace characteri"tic"& in or$er to plan

the $e"ign o% the %!t!re #ell an$ to $e%ine the pha"e" o% the $rilling +o*(

2( Then& #e)ll $e"cri*e the $rilling ","te'& an$ ho# the $riller can 'anage the $rilling

proce"" "a%el,(

During the exploration phase a well is needed to confirm the presence of oil or gas in the

reservoir.

Some appraisal wells are needed for the delineation process.

oreoer& at the en$ o% the re"eroir "trateg, "t!$,& a re"eroir 'o$el $e%ine" ho# to$eelop the %iel$& an$& 'ore partic!larl,& #here to $rill the #ell" an$ the contri*!tion o%

each o% the' to the pro$!ction platea!(

he role of the driller is to !uild these wells re"uired for the field development.

# well is an expensive item.It '!"t *e care%!ll, "t!$ie$ an$ planne$ *e%ore *eing $rille$(

The #ell preparation pha"e inole" coor$inate$ #or. *et#een geo"cience engineer" an$

$rilling/co'pletion engineer"(

$ow to design a well%

In or$er to "et !p the $rilling progra'& the $riller nee$" to .no# the location o% the righere the #ell ha" to enter the re"eroir& the tra+ector, o% the #ell in the re"eroir %or a

goo$ connection *et#een the #ell an$ the re"eroir& an$ the %or'ation" to *e $rille$( Let)"

$etail the $e"cription o% the "!*"!r%ace(

For each %or'ation to *e $rille$& there are & characteristics that nee$ to *e .no#n

acc!ratel,

1. the pore pressure

&. and the fracture pressure.

The pore pre""!re i" the pre""!re o% the %l!i$ #ithin the grain" o% the roc.( It $epen$" on the$epth o% the %or'ation an$ on it" nat!re "an$"tone& "hale& (

The %ract!re pre""!re corre"pon$" to the 'ini'!' pre""!re to *e applie$ on the roc. to

generate a %ract!re(

3hen the %or'ation i" $rille$& the #ell i" %!ll o% a %l!i$ the drilling mud'#hich i" $irectl, in

contact #ith the roc.& an$ applie" a pre""!re on it (mud(

The '!$ pre""!re $epen$" on the $epth( One o% the role" o% the '!$ i" to 'aintain the

inter"titial %l!i$ #ithin the roc.& in or$er to aoi$ a .ic.(


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4!ring the $rilling proce""& the '!$ i" in contact #ith the roc.& #hich contain" a %l!i$ #ithin

the grain"(

A %l!i$ al#a," %lo#" %ro' high pre""!re to a lo#er pre""!re( If the mud pressure is higher

than the pore pressure' the formation fluid cannot enter the well. It remains in the

formation and there is no risk of !lowout.

4!ring the $rilling proce""& the '!$ i" in contact #ith the roc.& #hich contain" a %l!i$ #ithin

the grain"(

he mud pressure has to !e lower than the frac pressure' in order to avoid the rock !eingfractured. To concl!$e& .eep in 'in$ that the '!$ ha" to *e $e"igne$ "o that the '!$

pre""!re *elong" to the interal *et#een the pore pre""!re an$ the %rac pre""!re( Thi"

interal i" calle$ the '!$ #in$o#(

oth (pore& in re$& an$ (frac& in *l!e&

can *e plotte$ on a

pre""!re/$epth graph(

The '!$ pre""!re ha" to *e in the

,ello# one& #hich i" calle$ the'!$ #in$o#( For each litholog, to

*e $rille$& the '!$ ha" to *e #ell

a$apte$ to it" characteri"tic"( The

#ell i" there%ore $rille$ in

$i%%erent pha"e"& each pha"e

corre"pon$ing to a ne# '!$ to *e

!"e$(

At the en$ o% a pha"e& a ca"ing i" in"talle$ an$ ce'ente$ to protect the #ell %ro' the

%or'ation alrea$, $rille$ an$ to %inalie the #ell #all"(


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he definition of each of these phases is called the well design.

A t,pical #ell $e"ign i" a" %ollo#"

1(

The first tu!ulari" the conductor pipe in"talle$ *, the ciil engineer *e%ore the rigarrie" on "ite(

2( The ne7t pha"e" are $rille$ !"ing the

rotar) drilling techni"ue(

8( The surface casing 'aintain" the

!ncon"oli$ate$ "!r%ace %or'ation"

an$ protect" the gro!n$#ater(

9( The intermediate casing protect"

the #ell %ro' the %or'ation" or %l!i$

#hich co!l$ preent the $rilling

proce"" %ro' contin!ing(5( The la"t ca"ing i" the production

casing #hich allo#" the re"eroir to

*e i"olate$(

6( 4!ring the la"t pha"e the #ell enter"

the re"eroir(

3hen a #ell i" an exploration well& $e"igning i" '!ch 'ore $i%%ic!lt & $!e to a lac. o%

'ea"!re'ent" an$ in%or'ation to $e"cri*e the "!*"!r%ace( The '!$ #in$o# i" not

acc!ratel, .no#n( S!ch !ncertaintie" hae to *e ta.en into con"i$eration in the $rilling

proce""(3hen a #ell ha" to *e $rille$ in a ne# region& there are 'an, !ncertaintie" a*o!t the $ata&

incl!$ing that relate$ to the pore an$ %rac pre""!re pro%ile"( On the contrar,& #hen a

development well i" planne$& it *ene%it" %ro' $ata %ro' the "!rro!n$ing #ell" alrea$,

$rille$( In thi" ca"e& the pre""!re pro%ile" are #ell .no#n& an$ the !ncertaintie" are lo#er(

Let)" 'ention that the tra*ector) o% a #ell can *e vertical' deviated' or hori+ontal( The

choice o% the tra+ector, $epen$" on the location o% the rig& the location o% the target o% the

#ell #hen it enter" the re"eroir& an$ the tra+ector, o% the $rain in the re"eroir it"el%( The"e

t#o la"t $ata are $e%ine$ an$ gien *, the re"eroir engineer to the $riller(


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:o# a #ell i" $rille$ in practice; echanicall,& a ertical %orce applie$ on the $rilling *it the

#eight on *it& together #ith a 'oe'ent o% rotation& generate" $o#n to the *it the po#er

nece""ar, to $e"tro, the roc.( # hook hangs up the drill string' which is composed of

several tu!ulars screwed together' and' at the !ottom' there is a drilling !it.

oth the #eight on *it an$ the rotation per 'in!te& #hich i" gien

*, the rotar) ta!le locate$ at the rig %loor& are controlle$ *, the

$riller to 'a7i'ie the rate o% penetration o% the *it(

Their opti'iation $epen$" on "eeral para'eter"& incl!$ing the

.in$ o% roc. to *e $rille$ the reg!lation o% the hoo. height control"

the part o% the total #eight o% the $rill "tring applie$ on the *it& the

rotation i" o%ten gien *, a rotar, ta*le locate$ at the rig %loor(

The '!$ circ!it i" co'*ine$ to the 'echanical part o% the ","te'(Fir"tl,& the pump "en$" the '!$ at high pre""!re thro!gh the

$i"charge line& the "tan$ pipe& the rotar, ho"e an$ the top $rie& into

the pipe"(


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The '!$ %lo#" in the drill string $o#n to the *it an$ catche" the

"'all piece" o% *ro.en roc.& the c!tting"& to tran"port the' !p to

the "!r%ace in the "pace *et#een the $rill "tring an$ the #ell #all"(

At the "!r%ace& the c!tting"& the "an$ an$ the "ilt are re'oe$ %ro'

the '!$ thro!gh shale shakersan$ other ","te'"(

The '!$ can *e "ent to the tanksin or$er to *e re-in+ecte$(

In or$er to control the #ell in ca"e o% *lo#o!t& a ,low -ut (reventer i" in"talle$ *et#een

the top o% the #ell an$ the rig %loor( Thi" ,-( stack i" co'po"e$ o% an ann!lar OP an$

$i%%erent ra'" a*le to clo"e the #ell in ca"e o% e'ergenc,( The "ie o% the OP i" a$apte$ to

the 'a7i'!' pre""!re that can *e enco!ntere$ $!ring the $rilling proce""(

W3V13 Drilling V2016 Handout

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