W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul...
-
Upload
aubrey-lewis -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
3
Transcript of W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul...
![Page 1: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 11
Principles of Principles of Toxicology :Toxicology :
The Study of PoisonsThe Study of Poisons
Wongwiwat TassaneeyakulWongwiwat Tassaneeyakul
Department of ToxicologyDepartment of Toxicology
Khon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen University
![Page 2: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 22
To know scope and definition of toxicology,
Describe how toxicologist
work and manage
toxicants,Understand dose-
response relationship and
interactions
![Page 3: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 33
August 21st, 1986, 9:30 pm
>1700 people and 3000 dead cow!!!
![Page 4: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 44
Asia's arsenic crisis deepensAnother Indian state succumbs to well water poisoning. 15 February 2003 TOM CLARKE
Hand-pump wells tap into natural accumulations of arsenic.
![Page 5: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 55
Thalidomide Thalidomide tragedytragedy
![Page 6: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 66
Fixed drug eruptionFixed drug eruption
Drug rashDrug rash SJSSJS
![Page 7: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 77
A villager uses a dip net to remove dead fish from the Bang Pakong river. The fish, bred in floating baskets, died from pollution in the river. _ TAWATCHAI KEMGUMNERD
Friday 15 November 2002 BangkokPost
![Page 8: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 88
ตุ�ลาคม 2547 คนงานโรงสี�ขอนแก่�น เสี�ยชี�วิ�ตุขณะลงไปทำ�าควิามสีะอาดทำ�อสี�งข�าวิ
![Page 9: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 99
![Page 10: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1010
TOXICOLOGYTOXICOLOGY : The study of the : The study of the adverse effectsadverse effects of a of a toxicanttoxicant on on living organismsliving organisms..
Toxicology related closely to Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Chemistry, Epidemiology, Pathology, Genetics, Public Health, Medicine, etc.
![Page 11: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1111
HazardHazard – physical situation that can – physical situation that can damage:damage:
– people people – plant plant – EnvironmentEnvironment
RiskRisk – likelihood of hazard occurring – likelihood of hazard occurring
RiskRisk = = hazardhazard * probability * * probability * consequenceconsequence
![Page 12: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1212Source: Muckter, 2003
![Page 13: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1313
1. Toxicant/ Toxin/ Poison/ Hazard any agent capable of producing a
deleterious response in a biological system
2. Adverse/Toxic effects any unwanted change from an organism’s
normal state dependent upon the concentration of active
compound at the target site (receptor)for a sufficient time.
3. Living organism cellular target sites/ storage depots and
enzymes
![Page 14: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1414
COMMON TOXICOLOGY QUESTIONSCOMMON TOXICOLOGY QUESTIONS
1. What is a poison?
2. Where dose it come from? (exposure Q)
3. How does it get into living organism?
(exposure Q)
4. What does it do to living organism?
(mechanism Q)
5. How can we treat/prevent this toxicity?
(clinical Q)
![Page 15: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1515
Routes of Entry:Routes of Entry:
OralOral == Ingestion by mouthIngestion by mouth
DermalDermal == Skin exposureSkin exposure
InhalationInhalation == Absorbed by lungsAbsorbed by lungs
OcularOcular = = Eye exposureEye exposure
![Page 16: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1616
Why human have to concern with other species toxicology and/or environmental health?
![Page 17: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1717
Classification of Toxic AgentsClassification of Toxic Agents
– Target organ/site Target organ/site (e.g., liver, kidney, blood, (e.g., liver, kidney, blood, lung, nerves)lung, nerves)
– Use Use (e.g., pesticide, solvent, food additive)(e.g., pesticide, solvent, food additive)– Effects Effects (e.g., cancer, mutation, liver injury)(e.g., cancer, mutation, liver injury)– Labeling requirements Labeling requirements (e.g., explosive, (e.g., explosive,
flammable, oxidizer)flammable, oxidizer)– Poisoning potential Poisoning potential (e.g., very or slightly (e.g., very or slightly
toxic)toxic)
![Page 18: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1818
““Allein die Dosis macht, Allein die Dosis macht, daß ein Ding kein Gift daß ein Ding kein Gift
istist.”.”
(“Dose determines toxicity”)
Dose-Response Dose-Response RelationshipRelationship
![Page 19: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 1919
All All substancessubstances are poisons; are poisons; there isthere is nonenone that is not a that is not a poison. The rightpoison. The right dose dose differentiates a poison and a differentiates a poison and a remedy.remedy.
Paracelsus Paracelsus
(1493- 1541)(1493- 1541)
THE DOSE MAKES THE THE DOSE MAKES THE POISONPOISON
![Page 20: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2020
![Page 21: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2121
Change from normal state
could be on the molecular, cellular,
organ, or organism level--the
symptoms
Graded vs. Quantal
degrees of the same damage vs. all
or none
What is a Response?
![Page 22: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2222
Dose-responseDose-response
EFFECT
linear,no threshold
non-linear,threshold
Dose
![Page 23: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2323
![Page 24: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2424
![Page 25: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2525
![Page 26: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2626
LDLD5050 Comparison Comparison
Chemical LD50 (mg/kg) Ethyl Alcohol 10,000 Sodium Chloride 4,000 Ferrous Sulfate 1,500 Morphine Sulfate 900 Strychnine Sulfate 150 Nicotine 1 Black Widow 0.55 Curare 0.50 Rattle Snake 0.24 Dioxin (TCDD) 0.001 Botulinum toxin 0.0001
![Page 27: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2727
Toxicity rating or class
Probable lethal oral dose for human
Dosage for average adult
1. Practically nontoxic
> 15 g/kg more than 1 quart (>0.94 L)
2. Slightly toxic 5-15 g/kg between pint and quart (0.47-0.94L)
3. Moderately toxic
0.5-5 g/kg between ounce and pint (28 mL-0.47L)
4. Very toxic 50-500 mg/kg between teaspoon and ounce (5-28 mL)
5. Extremely toxic
5-50 mg/kg between 7 drops and teaspoon
6. Supertoxic < 5 mg/kg a taste (less than 7 drops)
![Page 28: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2828
THE DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP
The dose-response relationship (from C.D. Klaassen, Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, 5th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996).
![Page 29: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 2929
![Page 30: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3030
![Page 31: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3131
Acute vs. Chronic
Allergic (hypersensitivity)
Idiosyncratic (e.g. G6PD def.)
Local vs. Systemic
Reversible vs. Irreversible
Type of Toxic Response
![Page 32: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3232
Acute Toxicity:Acute Toxicity:
(short-term exposure)(short-term exposure)
TIME: Minutes or Hours
Threshold Concentration
Blo
od
or
Tis
su
e
C
on
ce
ntr
atio
n
SYMPTOMS
![Page 33: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3333
Chronic Toxicity:Chronic Toxicity:(repeated exposures)(repeated exposures)
x
Threshold concentrat ion
SYMPTOMS
TIME: Weeks, months, years
Blo
od o
r T
issue
Co
ncentr
atio
n
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
![Page 34: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3434
Carcinogens:Carcinogens:– Cause cancerCause cancer
Mutagens:Mutagens:– Cause mutations in an organism’s genetic materialCause mutations in an organism’s genetic material
Teratogens:Teratogens:– cause birth defects in offspring following exposure cause birth defects in offspring following exposure
of a pregnant femaleof a pregnant female
Examples: Chronic Examples: Chronic EffectsEffects
![Page 35: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3535
![Page 36: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3636
Drug rash
![Page 37: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3737
Dose-response relationship: LEADDose-response relationship: LEADdecreased erythrocyte delta-ALAD activityincreased zinc protoporphyrin
anemia
CNS effectsdecreased peripheral nerve conductivityNervous paralysis, lead colics
Adapted from Elinder C-G et al., Biologisk monitoring av metallerhos människa. Arbetsmiljöfonden, Uppsala, 1991
![Page 38: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3838
Additive : Additive : 2+2 2+2 = 4= 4Synergism : Synergism : 2+3 2+3 = 10= 10Potentiation :Potentiation : 0+30+3 = 5= 5Antagonism :Antagonism : 2+(-2)2+(-2) = 0= 0
Chemical antagonismChemical antagonismDispositional antagonismDispositional antagonismFunctional antagonismFunctional antagonismPharmacological antagonismPharmacological antagonism
Toxicity Interactions
![Page 39: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 3939
![Page 40: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4040
Synergist / Synergist / SynergismSynergism::
Synergism is increased activity (toxicity) resulting from the effect of one chemical on another.
LD50 DDT = 250 mg/kg
LD50 synergist = 1,000 mg/kg
LD50 DDT + synergist = 50 mg/kg
![Page 41: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4141
Source: van den Brandt et al. 2002
![Page 42: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4242
![Page 43: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4343
![Page 44: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4444
![Page 45: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4545Source: “A Primer on Toxics”
![Page 46: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4646
![Page 47: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4747
ConclusionConclusion
What is toxicology ?What is toxicology ? Toxicity, poison, hazard, risk ?Toxicity, poison, hazard, risk ? Why dose-response study is so important in Why dose-response study is so important in
toxicology?toxicology? How can we classify type of toxicity ?How can we classify type of toxicity ? Why people response differently to toxicant ? Why people response differently to toxicant ?
![Page 48: W. Tassaneeyakul 1 Principles of Toxicology : The Study of Poisons Wongwiwat Tassaneeyakul Department of Toxicology Khon Kaen University wong_tas@kku.ac.th.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070401/56649f1c5503460f94c32f00/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
W. TassaneeyakulW. Tassaneeyakul 4848
สีรรพสี�!งทำ"!วิถ้�วินล�วินม�พ�ษสีรรพสี�!งทำ"!วิถ้�วินล�วินม�พ�ษพ%งพ�น�จตุรองไตุร�ให้�ถ้�วินถ้�!พ%งพ�น�จตุรองไตุร�ให้�ถ้�วินถ้�!
ค�ณค�ณประโยชีน)ประโยชีน)อ�ก่อ�ก่โทำษโทำษไซร�ล�วินมาก่ม�ไซร�ล�วินมาก่ม�
ตุ�างก่"นทำ�!ตุ�างก่"นทำ�!ขนาดขนาดใชี�ให้�สี"งวิรณ)ใชี�ให้�สี"งวิรณ)
วงศ์�ว�ว�ฒน์� ทั�ศ์น์�ยกุ�ลวงศ์�ว�ว�ฒน์� ทั�ศ์น์�ยกุ�ล
THE DOSE MAKES THE THE DOSE MAKES THE POISONPOISON