Die Erste Spaltung im Liebe Christi und seine Folgenwirkungen

The first schism in the Body of the Messiah and its consequences

www.mmjt.eu

richardsharvey@gmail.com

Outline• Personal introduction - reflection

• The historical factors - rejection

• The present situation - reconciliation

• The future prospect - rejoicing

Salomon Herz Hirschland born Steinheim, Westphalia 1766

Essen 1812 – 1882• Salomon (1799-1869) —

Veterinarian – father of• Abraham (1801-1866) —

Merchant and Lottery Agent• Levi (1804-1863) — Weaver,

Butcher & Banker• Simon (1807-1885) –Banker

& Trader• Moses (1810-1888) —

Doctor of Medicine

Brothers Hirschland, London

London 1884-2013

• Richard Hirschland (1859-1936)

• Sydney Moses Hirschland -> Harvey (1895-1989)

• Anthony Adolph Hirschland -> Harvey (1923-2012)

• Richard Simon Harvey (1956-)

Outline• Personal introduction - reflection

• The historical factors - rejection• The present situation - reconciliation

• The future prospect - rejoicing

The “Parting of the Ways” or the “Ways that Never Parted”?

• The traditional view (Parkes, Simon, Dunn)

• New understandings (Boyarin, Frederickson)

• Contemporary significance

• Inventiing Jewish and Christian idenities http://jewishstudies.eteacherbiblical.com/2013/06/inventing-christian-identity-paul-ignatius-theodosius-i/ )

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The Traditional View

• Between 70 and 135 • Destruction of Temple• Birkat Haminim c.90• Jerusalem becomes

Roman city• Jewish believers flee

to Pella• Bar Kocheba revolt

The Revisionist View

• Boyarin, Frederickson• Separation of

Judaism and Christianity unsystematic, sporadic and not complete until 4th/5th c

• Partitioning of Jewish Christianity to define borders

Key Periods in the history of Jewish believers in Yeshua - Infancy

0-32 The Messiah among us! 32c Great Commission (Matthew 28) 120c 14 Jewish Bishops of Jerusalem 150c Justin Martyr’s “Dialogue with Trypho” 170c Hegesippus “Memoirs of the History of

the Church” in Eusebius 200c Epiphanius “Panarion” against

Ebionites 400c Jerome translates NT with Messianic

Jewish assistance 5th-9th c - Evidence of Jewish-Christian groups

in East, influencing Syriac church and Islam

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Key Consequences

• Loss of Jewish worldview in West

• Anti-Judaism in Christian theology

• Supersessionism• “When Judaism and

Christianity parted company, the truth was divided”

Without a home, among the

people of Israel, or in the Christian Church,

the Messianic Jewish community ends up

in the no-man’s land in-between ChurchSynagogue

Tertullian (165-220)

• The new law of peace and love replaces the law of retribution

• Israel cease to be God’s chosen people.

• Rebecca, Esau and Jacob.

• Esau = Israel; Jacob = Church

St John Chrysostom (350-407) Bishop of Constantinople

• Chrysostom = Mouth of Gold • 8 Homilies against the Jews and Jewish

Christians

• "Shall I tell you of their plundering, their covetousness, their abandonment of the poor, their thefts, their cheating in trade? The whole day long will not be enough to give you an account of these things. But do their festivals have something solemn and great about them? They have shown that these, too, are impure." (Homily I, VII, 1)9

St Augustine (354-430)

"...the Church admits and avows the Jewish people to be cursed, because after killing Christ they continue to till the ground of an earthly circumcision, an earthly Sabbath, an earthly passover, while the hidden strength or virtue of making known Christ, which this tilling contains, is not yielded to the Jews while they continue in impiety and unbelief, for it is revealed in the New Testament. While they will not turn to God, the veil which is on their minds in reading the Old Testament is not taken away... the Jewish people, like Cain, continue tilling the ground, in the carnal observance of the law, which does not yield to them its strength, because they do not perceive in it the grace of Christ"

Anti Jewish invective…

.. by early church fathers:

• St Augustine

• St Ambroise

• St John Chrysostom

• St Jerome

• Gregory of Nyssus

• Many others

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Types of Supersessionism Punitive supersessionism –

Israel to be punished for her rejection of Jesus

Economic supersessionism – Israel no longer needed in the purposes of God – no continuing theological significance outside the Church

Structural supersessionism – the Christian reading of the biblical canonical narrative goes from Creation and Fall to Redemption and Consummation omitting Election of Israel as Blessing to the Nations

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R K Soulen and the Reframing of the Canonical Narrative

‘The standard model drives a historical wedge between the gospel and the God of Israel by collapsing God’s covenant with Israel into the economy of redemption in its prefigurative form’ (1996:110)

Economy of Creation, Fall, Election of Israel, Redemption, Restoration

Messianic Jews challenge Supersessionism

• One chair occupied by Israel and taken over by Christians

• One chair broken in two

• William Temple - “When Judaism and Christianity parted company, the truth was divided”

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Covenant in Jewish Thought

Election – the choice God made of Israel to be his people

Covenant – the form of the communal relationship He calls them into

Redemption – the goal, promise and ultimate universal purpose towards which election and covenant move

Key Consequences (2)

• Church without Israel is incomplete

• Israel without Messiah is incomplete

• The mystery of the Church is bound inextricably to the mystery of Israel

Luther on Law• “The Law and the Gospel are two

doctrines that are absolutely contrary.”

• “The Law is the Word of perdition, the Word of wrath, the Word of sadness, the Word of pain, the voice of the Judge,” while

• The Gospel “is the Word of salvation, the Word of grace, the Word of comfort, the Word of joy.”

• What Luther Says, An Anthology, vol. 2, comp. Ewald M. Plass (St. Louis, Mo.: Concordia, 1959), 733

Outline• Personal introduction - reflection

• The historical factors - rejection

• The present situation - reconciliation• The future prospect - rejoicing

White Crucifixion Marc Chagall, 1938

What is a lament?• Passionate expression of grief• Expression of deep regret or

sorrow for the loss of a person or position

• Means of invoking the presence of God within a situation of distress

• Sub-types: funeral dirge, city, communal, individual laments

• Heb: qinâ - dirge (2 Sam. 1:17, Amos 8:10) tefillah - lament

• A phonetic illustration of suffering

Lament Rhythm (3:2) - Ps.5:1-2

My-words give-ear-to, O LORD

Give-heed-to my-groaning

Listen to-the-sound-of my-cry

My-king and-my-God

Amarai Ha’azinah YHWH

Binah Hagigi

Hakshivah L’qol shav’i

Malki v’Elohai

Elements of Laments (Psalm 54)

• Call for vengeance• Complaint• Confession of sin• Exclamation of praise• Expression of trust• Grounds for Petition• Invocation of God• Petition• Protestation of

innocence • Vow

• 1 invocation

• 2 petition

• 3 complaint

• 4 trust

• 5 vengeance

• 6 vow

• 7 praise

Lament tradition• Frequent response to catastrophe,

meaninglessness, delay in redemption of the faithful and judgement on the wicked (Lamentations, Pss. 44; 137)

• God called to account• Lament form allows arguing with

good, bad theology and expression of anger

• ‘The lament does not solve all of the sufferer’s intellectual questions about the origin and meaning of the suffering, but does provide a structured way for the faithful to bring their suffering to God’s attention and to cope with it.’ (ABD VI:222)

Sitting in Sadness – Turning the back

Reconciliation - Process and ProductReconciliation goes •beyond conflict resolution •changing the motivations, goals, beliefs, attitudes and emotions •the nature of the relationships between the parties• the parties themselves (Bar-Tal and Gemma H. Bennink 2004:12)

Intra-Societal ReconciliationTruth – open expression of the past Mercy - forgiveness to enable new relations Justice - restitution and social restructuringPeace – a common future, wellbeing, and security for all the parties. (Lederach, 1997)

“The Place Called Reconciliation”• Mercy

– Acceptance– Forgiveness– Support– Compassion– Healing

• Peace– Harmony– Unity– Well-being– Security– Respect

• Truth– Acknowledgment– Transparency– Revelation– Clarity

• Justice– Equality– Right relationships– Restoration– Restitution

Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace have kissed each other. (Psalm 85:10)

4. The MJM challenges Two Covenant Theology

• Two chairs, no connection, both equally comfortable, one called Torah, one called Yeshua

• Franz Rosenzweig (1886–1929) – “Judaism is the Sun, Christianity the rays”

• The Jewish ‘no’ to Jesus?

Marquardt’s “Jewish ‘No!’ to Jesus”

• Text

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Influencing Factors

• Rediscovery of the Jewishness of Jesus, the Early Church, Paul

• Importance of Jewish background of Scripture

• Significance of land and people of Israel today

• The Charismatic/Prophetic dimensions of Restoration and Reconciliation

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Outline• Personal introduction - reflection

• The historical factors - rejection

• The present situation - reconciliation

• The future prospect - rejoicing

Godly and Worldly Grief

• For godly grief produces repentance which leads to salvation and brings no regret – but worldly grief produces death. (2 Cor. 7:10)

• Repentance – Reconciliation – Restoration – Rejoicing!

God is faithful!