Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview

Ch 47 – The Ch 47 – The Body’s Defense Body’s Defense

SystemsSystems

A disease that is caused by pathogenic

bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists

Infectious Disease

The scientific study of disease

Pathogen

A four-stage procedure that

Robert Koch formulated for

identifying a specific pathogen as the

cause of a specific diseaseKoch’s

postulates

The layer of epithelial tissue

that covers internal surfaces of the body and

that secretes mucusMucous

membrane

A protective response of

tissues affected by disease or injury, characterized by

redness, swelling, and pain

Inflammatory response

A chemical that stimulates the autonomous

nervous system, secretion of

gastric juices, and dilation of capillariesHistamine

A cell that ingests and destroys

(digests) foreign matter or

microorganisms

Phagocyte

A large leukocyte that contains a

lobed nucleus and many cytoplasmic

granules

Neutrophil

An immune system cell that engulfs pathogens and other materials

Macrophage

A type of white blood cell that is

present in individuals who have not been immunized and

that kills a variety of cellsNatural killer

cell

A system of proteins that

circulate in the bloodstream and

that combine with antibodies to

protect against antigensComplement

system

A protein that is produced by cells infected by a virus

and that can protect uninfected cells from reproduction of the

virus

Interferon

The cells and tissues that

recognize and attack foreign

substances in the body

Immune system

A type of white blood cell that exists in two

primary forms, T cells and B cells

Lymphocyte

The gland that produces T

lymphocytes

Thymus

The largest lymphatic organ in the body; serves as a blood

reservoir, disintegrates old red

blood cells, and produces lymphocytes

and plasmids

Spleen

A white blood cell that matures in

bones and makes antibodies

B cell

A cell that derives from the thymus

and that participates in many immune

reactions mediated by cells

T cell

A substance that stimulates an

immune response

Antigen

The reaction of the body against an

antigen

Immune response

A white blood cell necessary for B cells to develop normal levels of

antibodies

Helper T Cell

An immune response that functions to

defend cells against invasion by foreign

cells and that depends on the action of T cells

Cell-mediated immune response

A type of T cell that recognizes

and destroys infected cells and

cancer cells

Cytotoxic T cell

A type of immune response that is produced by the

action of antibodies within

body fluids

Humoral immune response

A type of white blood cell that

produces antibodies

Plasma cell

A protein that reacts to a specific

antigen or that inactivates or

destroys toxins

Antibody

An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an

antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections

Memory cell

The ability to resist an infectious

disease

Immunity

The administration of treated

microorganisms or material from a pathogen into

humans or animals to induce an immune

responseVaccination

A physical response to an antigen, which

can be a common substance that

produces little or no response in the

general population

Allergy

A lung disorder characterized by

labored breathing due to narrowing of the

bronchioles; associated with

shortness of breath, wheezing, and

coughing; and caused by a reaction to certain

irritantsAsthma

A disease in which the immune

system attacks the organism’s own

cells

Autoimmune disease

Acquired immune deficiency

syndrome, a disease caused by HIV; an

infection that results in an ineffective immune system

AIDS

Human immunodeficiency

virus, the virus that causes AIDS

HIV

An infection caused by a mircoorganism that normally does not cause disease but that becomes pathogenic if the patient’s immune

system is weakenedOpportunistic infection