Lymphatic System. Body’s 3 lines of defense are _____, _______, and _______________. What is bone...
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Transcript of Lymphatic System. Body’s 3 lines of defense are _____, _______, and _______________. What is bone...
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Lymphatic System
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• Body’s 3 lines of defense are _____, _______, and _______________.
• What is bone marrow?• Function of bone marrow is?
• What are WBC’s?• Example of dz/condition with increased WBC (leukocytosis)• Example of dz/condition with deceased WBC (leukopenia)
What is pus?
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• What are RBC’s?• What is RBC’s function?• Why are they red?
• What is an antigen?
• What is an antibody?
• What are platelets?
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• What are some examples of Internal defenses to fight infection?
• What is an example of an external defense against infection? (Hint- it is the largest organ in the body)
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Relate Lymphatic to Immune System
• Immune System– body’s defense system against infections (virus, bacteria, fungi)
• Lymphatic System– system of capillaries, vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphatic tissue– Transports a fluid called LYMPH from the tissues as
it returns to the bloodstream– Lymphatic tissue filters (cleans) the lymph of
abnormal cells and pathogens
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So, what is lymph
• Thin, watery fluid that forms when plasma diffuses into tissue spaces (plasma is a straw colored liquid that is a component of blood)
• Lymph is composed of water, digested nutrients, salts, hormones, O2, CO2, and metabolic wastes (Ex. Urea)
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Lymphatic vessels
• Located throughout the body in almost all tissues that have blood vessels
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Lymph nodes
• AKA glands• Located all over the body• Small, round, oval masses – range in size
• Lymph vessels bring lymph to the nodes• The nodes then filter the lymph and remove impurities
(Ex. Cancer cells, pathogens, dead blood cells)
• The lymphatic tissue in the nodes produces lymphocytes (WBC) and antibodies (fight infection)
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• So, now the purified lymph (with its lymphocytes and antibodies) leaves the lymph node by a lymphatic vessel
• As the lymph vessels leave the lymph node they join together and form larger lymph vessels that drain into 1 of 2 ducts
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1. Right Lymphatic Duct
• Short tube that receives purified lymph from the right side of head/neck/chest and right arm
• ** Purified lymph nodes enter into the right subclavian vein which returns purified lymph to the blood
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2. Thoracic duct
• Larger tube that drains the rest of the body and empties into the left subclavian vein
• At the beginning of this duct is a pouchlike structure called the cisterna chyli---- a storage area for purified lymph before it returns to the bloodstream
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Heart
This is where the ducts drain into. They drain into the right and left subclavian veins of the heart.
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Lymphatic tissue
• Produces lymphocytes (WBC) and antibodies (fight infection)
• Examples of lymphatic tissue
• 1. Tonsils– you have 3 pairs– Palatine- located on each side of soft palate– Pharyngeal (adenoids)- located in the nasopharynx– Lingual- located back of tongue
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• 2. Spleen- organ located just below your rib cage on left side– Functions:• Produces leukocytes, antibodies• Destroys old RBC’s• Stores erythrocytes to release into the bloodstream if
excessive bleeding occurs• Filters wastes from the tissues
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• 3. Thymus– Located center part of chest– Goes away after puberty and is replaced by fat and
connective tissue– During early life, it produces antibodies and
lymphocytes to fight infection- SO, why does it atrophy??
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•SUM IT UP
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Diseases/Conditions
• 1. Adenitis– Inflammation/infection of lymph nodes– Happens because large quantities of pathogens
enter lymph node and infect the tissue
– Sx: fever, swollen/painful nodes
– Tx: antibiotics, warm compresses• If abcess forms- may have to incise and drain the node
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• 2. Hodgkin’s disease (lymphoma)– Chronic, malignant disease of lymph nodes
– Sx: painless swelling of nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue
– Tx: chemo/radiation, bone marrow transplant
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• 3. Lymphangitis- inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, usually resulting from an infection in an extremity
• Sx: red streak extends up arm/leg from the source of infection, fever, chills, pain
• Tx: antibiotics, rest, elevate affected part
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• 4. Splenomegaly—enlargement of the spleen
– Sx: swelling, abd. pain• Can lead to anemia, leukopenia• If spleen ruptures—Intraperitoneal hemorrhage and
shock----death
• Can you remove spleen????
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• 5. Tonsillitis– inflammation/infection of tonsils– Sx: throat pain, dysphagia, fever, white spots of
exudate on tonsils, swollen lymph nodes near mandible
– Tx: Antibiotics, rest, tylenol/advil for pain, warm gargles
– Chronic/frequent infections or enlargement that may cause an obstruction may need ?????
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• Other– AIDS– caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus)– Mononucleosis (MONO)• Highly contagious (kissing disease)
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• Autoimmune diseases (immune system attacks its own healthy tissue)– Rheumatoid arthritis– Lupus
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Vaccines and Immunity
• What is a vaccine?
• How does the vaccine provide immunity?
• Examples of “killed” vaccines
• Examples of “live” vaccines