Vocabulary

cell

prokaryote

eukaryote

microscope

theory

function

multicellular

unicellular

organelle

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

golgi apparatus

endoplasmic reticulum

cell membrane

cell wall

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Nucleuolus

ribosome

VideosA History of the Cell:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU&feature=related

Bill Nye on Cells

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RU5Ymc00S4w

Animal Cellhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fzj6TRnXmps&feature=related

Plant Cellhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uohe2V4yOzE&feature=related

The Cell Theory

Principal # 1All organisms are made of one or more cells.– Some organisms are made up of one cell – Others are multicellular or made up of many

cells

The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Principal # 2

Principal # 3

All existing cells are produced by other living cells.

I. All Cells

A. Tend to be microscopic

B. Have a few key structures:i. are enclosed

by a membrane.

ii. are filled with cytoplasm.

Bacterium(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

cell membrane

cytoplasm

II. Prokaryotic Cells

A. Are the most basic cellsB. UnicellularC. Contain simple structures

– Cell membrane– cytoplasm– genetic material (DNA) genetic just floats

around in the cell– Organelles that do not have a membranes

D. Example: Bacteria

Stop and Jot

• What comes to mind when you think of bacteria?– Take two minutes to write your thoughts down

in your notes

BacteriaThere are many different types of bacteria

– Some can cause disease– Some recycle important natural resources through

decomposition– We use some bacteria to make food, particularly

milk products• Cheese, yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk

III. Eukaryotic Cells

A. Contain simple structures of Prokaryotes

B. Contain a nucleus which holds the genetic material

C. Have multiple organelles with membranes

D. Unicellular or Multicellular

E. Example: Plant or Animal cells

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

** Eukaryotic Cells: **

Remember, eukaryotic cells are those that have a true nucleus and have organized, complex organelles.

Both PLANT and ANIMAL cells fall under the category of Eukaryotic Cells.

Animal cell: what do you see?

Organelles in an animal cell:

1. Nucleus

2. Nucleolus

3. Cytoplasm

4. Cell membrane

5. Ribosome

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum

7. Golgi apparatus

8. Mitochondria

I. What are organelles?

Definition: Organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions within eukaryotic cells

You have a body that has organs that do specific things so your whole body will work. An organelle is like an organ for the cell.

II. Nucleus

a. STRUCTURE: large organelle in the center of the cell that controls everything that happens in the cell…the “brain” of the cell

b. FUNCTION: -Stores all genetic material

(DNA)

Nucleus

V. Nucleolus

A. DEFINITION: small, dense structure in the nucleus that creates rRNA.

B. FUNCTION:1. Creates ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

2. rRNA is very important in making ribosomesa. Ribosomes are involved in making proteins

Nucleolus

VI. Cytoplasm

A. DEFINITION: all material in the cell except for the nucleus.

1. A gooey liquid that fills the cell and acts as support

2. All organelles except nucleusB. FUNCTION:

1. It supports the cell…kind of like bubble wrap or packing peanuts protect a package.

Cytoplasm

VII. Cellular membrane

A. DEFINITION: thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm.

B. FUNCTION: 1. Controls what goes into and out of the cell

2. Protection

Cellular membrane

I. RibosomeA. Definition: a small, dense organelle

made mostly from rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

B. Placement in cell: attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytoplasmic liquid.

C. Function: 1. Makes proteins

Ribosome

II. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

A. Definition: a system of folded tube-like structures attached to the nucleus.

B. Function: 1. Folds proteins

2. Transports proteins

3. Site of ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

III. Golgi Apparatus:A. Definition: a system of folded

tube-like structures NOT attached to the nucleus.

B. Function:1. packages things that are made

in the cell to be transported to another organelle or outside of the cell (i.e. enzymes, proteins, hormones)

Golgi Apparatus

IV. Mitochondria:A. Description: a membrane-enclosed

organelle with cristae (folds) inside.

B. Function:1. Creates the ATP (chemical energy) that

most of the cell uses.

Mitochondria:

Lysosomes

A. Definition: small organelles within the cytoplasm that are filled with enzymes

B. Function: Break down…i. food into small particles that can be used by

the rest of the cell

ii. organelles that are no longer needed and other waste in the cell

Vacuoles

A. Definition: fluid-filled saci. Small in animal cells

ii. Large in plant cells

B. Function: Used to store materials needed by the cell like water, food and enzymes

i. Supports heavy structures like leaves and flowers in plants

Vacuole in a Plant Cell

Organelles found ONLY in Plants:

Cell Walls

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

A. Definition: A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane

B. Function: To provide support and protection for the cell

i. The cell walls of multiple cells can attach to one another to support the organism

ii. Cell walls are made of different materials depending on the organism

Cell wall

Chloroplast

A. Definition: are organelles that have a double membrane and stacks of disc-like shapes containing chlorophyll

B. Function: Use energy from the sunlight to make food for the cell through the process of photosynthesis

i. Chlorophyll gives plants their green colorii. Like mitochondria because it provides

energy

Chloroplast

PLANT CELL

Cell wall

Large vacuole

Chloroplast

ANIMAL PLANT

Nucleus

CellMembrane

Fill in the chart

Organelles Plant Animal

Vacuole

Yes No

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Yes Yes

Shape Square Circle

Answer KeyPlant Animal

Vacuole(s) 1 large Many small ones

Chloroplast Yes No

Cell Wall Yes No

Cell membrane Yes Yes

Cytoplasm Yes Yes

Shape Square Like Circle Like

Can you identify the organelles?

I’m a real “powerhouse”

That’s plain to see

I break down food

To release energy

What am I? ______________________

I’m strong and stiff

Getting through me is tough

I’m found only in plants

But I guess that’s enough

What am I? ______________________

I’m the brain of the cell

Or so they say

I regulate cell activities

From day to day

What am I? ____________________

Found only in plant cells,

I’m green as can be

I make food for the plant

Using the sun’s energy

What am I? ______________________

I’m a series of tubes

Found throughout the cell

I transport proteins

And other things as well

What am I? ___________________

I’m full of holes

Flexible and thin

I control what gets out

And what comes in

What am I? _________________

Proteins are made here

Even though I’m quite small

You can find me in the cytoplasm

Or attached to E.R.’s wall

What am I? ______________________

I’ve been called a “storage tank”

By those with little taste

I’m a sac filled with water

Food, enzymes, or waste

What am I? ______________________

Since I contain many enzymes,

I can digest an injured cell;

And can break down a large molecule

Into a smaller one as well

What am I? ______________________

Exit Ticket1. Which organelle makes proteins and is located in the cytoplasm or on

the surface of ER?a. nucleusb. golgi apparatusc. ribosome

2. Where is DNA housed in Eukaryotic cell?a. inside a cell’s cytoplasmb. inside a cell’s nucleusc. inside a cell’s nucleolus

3. Which scientist coined the term “cell” after the cells or rooms of a monastery?

4. Name 1 of the principals of the cell theory.

5. What are the two key structures that ALL cells have?