VMC-Question_bank (1) (1)

8/9/2019 VMC-Question_bank (1) (1)

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STREPTOCOCCI

Fill up the blanks with suitable words

1. In Streptococci chain formation is due to the cocci dividing in _________

plane

2. Pyogenic Streptococci are ___________ and ______________.

3. ______________ toxin is employed in diagnosis of Scarlet fever.

4. Rebecca Lancefield identified 19 groups of Streptococci and named it as

_______.

5. Selective media for Streptococci is ______________________.

6. For demonstration of Streptococci haemolysis _______ agar is commonly

used.

7. Lancefield classification is mainly based on _____ antigen of the cell wall.

8. Strangles is caused by _____________.

Write True or False

1. Streptococci are catalase and oxidase negative

2. The capsule of Streptococci pyogenes is made up of polysaccharide.

3. When Streptococci treated with penicillin, spheroplast form will occur.

4. S. salivarius is an enterococci

5. Beta haemolytic Streptococci produce complete haemolysis.

6. The viridans Streptococci are beta haemolytic

7. Beta haemolytic Streptococci are non pathogenic.

8.

Lancefield classified gamma haemolytic Streptococci based on thenature of a carbohydrate antigen of the cell wall.

9. Griffth typing of Streptococci is mainly based on agglutination test.

10. Enterococcus avium is the member of Lancefield group streptococci.

11. Streptolysin O is a oxygen and heat stable haemolysin

VMC 311 : Systematic VeterinaryBacteriology and Mycology (2+1)


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12. Streptolysin S is very potent cardiotoxic.

13. The toxin streptokinase gives Schultz -charlton reaction.

14. Streptodornases are deoxyribonucleases

15. Hyaluronidase favours the spread of streptococci infection along inter

cellular spaces.

Write short notes

1. Dick test

2. Griffth typing

3. Viridans

4. Beta haemolysis

5. Serum opacity factor

6. Strangles

7. Hotis test

8. Strangles

9. Streptokinase

10. Scarlet fever

Write short answers

1. Different types of Streptococci haemolysis

2. Toxins of Streptococci

3. Lancefield group of Streptococci

4. List the virulence factors of streptococci

5. Mastitis streptococci

6. In what sorts of infection are alpha-type streptococci found? How

are they transmitted? What is their usual habitat?

7.

Which streptococcal species are usually prevalent in mastitis incows?

8. Describe the appearance of alpha, beta, and gamma types of

streptococci in blood-agar plates.


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9. List five extracellular products of streptococci. What are their

characteristics.

10. What is the relationship of pneumococci to streptococci? What is

their normal habitat? How do they resemble and differ from alpha-

type streptococci?

Write an essay of the following

1. Write in detail about morphology, biochemical characters, toxins,

pathogenesis and diagnosis of Strangles

2. Write in detail about classification of Streptococci with examples.

3. Morphology, cultural characteristics, extra cellular products and diseases

produced by Streptococcus.

STAPHYLOCCCUS


1. Botryomycosis in horse is caused by _________

2. Staphylococcus hyicus cause ____________ in pigs.

3. Selective media for staphylococci is _____________

4. Staphylococcus citreus produces ________ pigment on nutrient agar.

5. Hot cold lysis is mainly due to ___________ toxin of Staphylococcus.

6. The CAMP test is based on the partial haemolysis of the ______ toxin of

Staphylococci.

7. On Blood agar Staphylococcus releases V factor which favours the

growth of ______ organism.

8.

To demonstrate coagulase test ________ plasma is commonly used.9. Staphylococcus enterotoxins cause _________ in humans.

Write True or False

1. Staphylococci are catalase +ve and oxidase negative

2. Coagulase negative Staphylococci are pathogenic


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3. S. aureus causes bumble foot in poultry.

4. The word staphyle means twisted or coiled bacilli.

5. Tick pyaemia in 2-4weeks old lambs is caused by S.aureus.

6 . Coagulative staphylococci are arranged in grapes like structure.

7. Staphylococci are not able to grow in the media containing 7-10% NaCl.

8. S.aureus strains from dogs produce golden yellow colonies on nutrient agar.

9. S.aureus produces double haemolysis when blood agar plate is incubated at

37C.

10. All catalase positive Staphylococci are pathogenic.

11. Pathogenic Staphylococci coagulate rabbit plasma is the basis of coagulase

test.

12. Chemically the beta haemolysins of Staphylococci are phospholipase C.

13. Gamma hamolysins of S.aureus produces complete haemolysis.

14. Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome in dogs is produced by enterotoxins.

15. Gangrenous mastitis in cattle is mainly due to alpha toxin of staphylococci

16. Oxidase test is highly useful to differentiate Staphylococci and

Streptococci.

Write short notes

1. Botryomycosis

2. Greasy pig disease

3. Bumble foot

4. Wing rot

5. Double haemolysis

6. Hot cold lysis phenomenon

7.

CAMP test8. Coagulase test

9. Hyaluronidase

10. Enterotoxin

11. Dermonecrotoxin


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Write short answers

1) Haemolysins of Staphylococci

2) Antigens and Toxins of Staphylococci

3) Pathogenesis of Staphylococci

4) Role of toxins in staphylococcal pathogenesis

5) Name several extracellular enzymes produced by staphylococci.

Describe properties of each.

6) How are Staphylococci identified in case of epidemics?

7) What tests are employed for diagnosis of mastitis in cattle?

8) Elaborate on the different types of haemolysins produced by these

organisms?

9) Differentiate between a virulent staphylococcus and micrococcus


1) Enumerate the causative agents of bovine mastitis. Write in detail about

morphology, biochemical characters, toxins, pathogenesis and diagnosis of

gangrenous mastitis.

2) Describe about the antigenic nature, extra cellular products and diagnosis

of Staphylococcus aureus infection in animals.

3) Describe the morphology, habitat, cultural and biochemical characters of

different species of staphylococci. List out the various toxins and enzymes

produced by them.

CLOSTRIDIUM


1) Based on pathognesis clostridia classified into _________,

_________ and ___________.2) All Clostridia are motile except _________ and

_____________________.

3) All Clostridia are non capsulated except ________

and___________________.


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4) Selective media for Clostridia is ___________.

5) Saccharolytic Clostridia are _______, _______ and___________.

6) Proteolytic Clostridia are __________ and _______________.

7) Based on the growth in Robertson cooked meat media Clostridia

classified into ______ and _______.

8) Clostridia produce acid and clot in _______medium.

9) On horse blood agar, Cl.tetani produces beta haemolysis due to the

production of ________.

10) In gelatin stab culture, Cl.tetani produces __________ type of

growth.

11) In Robertson cooked meat media Cl.tetani grows and produce

_______

12) ________ and ________ chemicals are commonly used to kill the

Cl.tetani spores.

13) Two types of Cl.tetani toxins are ________ and ________.

14) Western duck sickness is caused by _______________.

15) Based on the toxin production Cl.botulinum classified into ______

types.

16) Cl. botulinum toxin produces characteristic __________ appearance in

mice.

17) Lecithinase activity of ________ and _______ toxins of Cl.novyi

responsible for opacity of egg yolk.

18) Cl haemolyticum _____________ toxin is responsible for bacillary

haemoglobinuria in cattle.

19) On egg yolk agar Cl.novyi type A produce charactreristic

__________ and is mainly due to _______ toxin.

20) Braxy in sheep is caused by _____________.

21) Clostridum species ________ and ________ produces stormy

fermentation in litmus milk.


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22) Malignant odema in cattle is caused by ____________.

23) Cl. chauvoei type B causes _________ in cattle.

24) Struck in sheep is caused by __________.

25) Lecithinase effect of Cl.welchi type A-E is mainly due to ________

toxin.

26) Cl.welchi ferments lactose and produce acid clot in litmus milk is

called as_________

Write True or False

1. Clostridium are anaerobic, spore forming, spindle shaped bacteria

2. Clostridia are motile with monotrichous flagella.

3. Cl.odematiens is very strict anaerobe.

4. In Robertsons media proteolytic clostridium turns the meat pink color

and produce gas.

5. Soil is the natural habitat of Cl.tetani.

6. Cl.tetani is very potent invasive clostridum

7. Capsulated Cl.tetani giving the characteristic drum sticks appearance.

8. Cl.tetani is a non-capsulated and motile bacillus.

9. Stiff agar (3%) is commonly used to demonstrate swarming nature of

Cl.tetani

10. Cl. tetani is saccharolytic.

11. Cl.tetani spores are readily destroyed by 5% phenol or 0.1% mercuric

chloride solution.

12. Cl.tetani serological type VI possesses peritrichous flagella.

13. Tetanolysin is a very potent neurotoxin

14.

Poultry are highly susceptible to tetanospasmin.15. Ascending tetanus is more common in human and horses.

16. The species Cl.tetanomorphus and Cl.tetanoides produces drumstick

spores as like Cl.tetani.

17. Adminstration of ATS within 4hrs of infection can prevent tetanus.


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18. Botulinum toxins are very potent enterotoxins.

19. Botulism is mainly due to very rapid multiplication of bacteria at the

site of infection and production of toxin.

20. Cl.botulinum type C, D and E are non proteolytic.

21. Cl. botulinum type D causes Lamsiekte in cattle.

22. One mg of Cl.botulinum neurotoxin contains more than 120 million

mouse lethal doses.

23. Cl.botulinum produces spastic paralysis in animals.

24. Shaker foal syndrome in horses is caused by invasive type of

Cl.botulinum.

25. Cl.odematiens causes Bacillary haemoglobinuria in cattle

26. Black disease in cattle is caused by Cl.gigas.

27. Cl.novyi type D is very strong saccharolytic

28. Clostridium novyi type A is the only clostridial species produce both

lecithinase and lipase.

29. Vibrion septique causes Braxy in sheep

30. Malignant odema is aerobic cellulites.

31. Bradsot in sheep is more common in summer months.

32. Cl.septicum ferments salicin but not sucrose.

33. Cl.chauvoei ferments sucrose but not salicin

34. Black quarter in cattle is caused by Cl.febri .

35. Clostridial enterotoxaemias are caused by toxins of cl.welchi types B,C

and D.

36. The alpha toxins of Cl.perfringens type D causes pulpy kidney disease

in sheep.37. Cl.perfringens is motile and non capsulated.

38. The generatoion time of Cl.perfringens at 45C is ten minute only.

39. Cl.welchi produces atleast 12 different toxins

40. A theta toxin of Cl.welchi mainly causes target haemolysis.


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41. Cl.welchi epsilon toxin has both enterotoxic and neurotoxic property.

42. Yellow lamb disease is caused by Cl.perfringens type C.

Write short notes

1) Stromy clot fermentation

2) Nagler's reaction

3) Robertsons cooked meat media

4) Wast - Waisp appearance

5) Lockjaw

6) Tetanospasmin

7) Tetanolysin

8) Braxy

9) Bradsot

10) Black disease

11) Saccharolytic

12) Western duck sickness

13) Malignant odema

14) Botulism

15) Struck

Write short answers

1. Toxins of Cl.tetani

2. Difference between Cl.tetani and Cl.botulinum toxins

3. Toxins of Cl.perfringens

4. Gas gangrene

5. Demonstration and identification of clostridial toxins

6. Struck in sheep7. Bacillary Haemoglobinuria

8. Black quarter

9. Classification of clostridia

10. Mention various species of clostridium and diseases they produce in


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livestock.


1. Enumerate histotoxic clostridia and write in detail about morphology,

biochemical characters, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of Black

quarter.

2. Define Gasgangrene, enumerate clostridia causing gasgangrene and

write in detail about morphology, biochemical characters, pathogenesis,

diagnosis and control of Cl.novyi

3. a).Classify and enumerate different species of clostridia and diseases

produced by them b). Describe the toxins of Cl.tetani and Cl.botulinum

4. Describe in detail the morphology, cultural characteristics, toxins and

pathogenesis of Clostridia of veterinary importance.

5. Name the disease and the organism causing histotoxic, neurotoxic,

enterotoxic and hepatotoxic clostridial infections in sheep. Describe in

detail the morphological details of the organism causing enterotoxic

infection in sheep.

6. Death of animals was reported from an area. Affected animals show hot

painful swelling in thigh region. In some animals ruptue of thigh muscle

and oozing of dark coloured fluid was noticed. How will you proceed with

the diagnosis and write in detail the diagnostic methods and control

strategies to be followed.

7. Enumerate the pathogenic organism belonging to the genus clostridum

and describe different types of toxins produced by them.

8. Write in detail the different toxins produced by Cl.chauvoei, Cl.septicum,

Cl.perfrigens, Cl.tetani and Cl.botulinum.

BACILLUS



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1. Bacillus anthracis capsule is rich in _______

2. Sudan Black B stain is commonly used to demonstrate

_________ of B.anthracsis .

3. In gelatin stab growth of B.anthracis resembles

________appearance.

4. Womans curling hair type of growth is characteristic of

__________.

5. Selective media for B.anthracis is ____________.

6. In duckering __________ solution at 40C for 20mts is

commonly used for wool disinfection.

7. The extracellular toxins of B.anthracis are composed of _______,

________ and _________.

8. In anthrax-affected animals the spleen revealed ________

consistency

9. _______ phage is commonly used to identify anthrax bacillus

10. Laboratory animals __________ and _______ are highly

susceptible for anthrax.

11. Cutaneous anthrax is called as ____________

12. Selective media for anthracoids is _________________.

13. Capsulatd B.anthracis when stained with methylene blue will show

_______ and the reaction is known as _________.

14. Antibodies that are produced by B.licheniformis are

____________,

1) B.polymyxa is ___________ and by B.bravis is ________

Write True or False 1. Box car bacillus is a motile organism.

2. B.anthracis is aerobic, motile by peritrichous flagella

3. Mcfadeyan reaction is useful to demonstrate anthrax spore

4. In case of B.anthracis , the sporulation is enhanced by anerobic conditions and


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by CaCl 2.

5. Normal heat fixation of blood smears is sufficient to kill the B.anthracis bacilli.

6. B.anthracis spores are readily destroyed by 5% phenol.

7. In anthrax lethal toxin alone is responsible for production of local odema and

shock.

8. Poultry are highly resistant to anthrax.

9. Acute fatal form of anthrax is very common in pigs.

10. The Sterne vaccine contained spores of a non-capsulated a virulent mutant

strain of B.anthracis .

11. Pulmonary anthrax is called as hide porter's disease.

12. Anthracoids are motile, non-capsulated and non-spore formers.

13. The edges of the colonies of B.anthracis appear irregular and are known as

medusa head colonies.

14. In bacillus, sporulation is inhibited by exposure to air.

15. The spores of Bacillus anthracis are wider than the vegetative form

16. Bacillus species are catalase positive.

Write short notes

1. String of pearls test.

2. Ascolis precipitation test.

3. Wool sorters disease

4. Hide porter's disease

5. Medusa head colonies

6. Duckering

7. Mcfadeyan reaction

8. Sterne vaccineWrite short answers

1. Toxins of anthrax bacillus

2. Pathogenesis of anthrax

3. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of anthrax


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4. Cultural characters of anthrax bacillus

5. Difference between B.anthracis and anthracoids.

6. Difference between B.anthracis and Clostridum spore.

7. Anthrax


1. Write in detail about morphology, cultural characters, biochemical characters,

pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and control of anthrax bacillus.

LISTERIA


1. Circling disease in cattle and sheep is caused by ___________.

2. When listeria grows on semisolid media _________ shaped growth is

occur.

3. Listeria exhibits characteristic _______ motility in 24hr broth culture,

incubated at 25C.

4. The haemolysin of L.monocytogenes is known as _____________.

5. Neural form of listeriosis is called as ___________________.

6. Listeriosis abortion typically occurs in ____________ trimester of

pregnancy.

7. Experimental animals for listeriosis are _________ and __________.

8. Isolation of listeria requires a process called ________________.

Write True or False

1. Listeria is motile at 37C

2. Listeria expresses flagellar protein only at higher temperature.

3. L.monocytogenes does not grow in media with 10% salt concentration.4. Macconkey agar is the suitable media for listeria.

5. L.ivanovisi gives positive CAMP reaction, where as L.monocyotgenes gives

negative CAMP reaction with Staphylococcus aureus .

6. In listeria based on somatic and flagellar antigens sofar 16 serovars have


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been identified.

7. Serotypes l/2a, l/2b and 4b account for most of the clinical cases of

listeriosis.

8. Silage is commonly implicated in outbreaks of listeriosis.

9. Blood agar with 0.5% potassium tellurite is a selective medium for listeria.

Write short notes

1. Cold enrichment

2. Anton's test

3. Tumbling motility

Write short answers

1. Circling disease

2. Pathogenesis of Listeria.

3. Morphology and biochemical characters of Listeria

4. Differentiate between Listeria monocytogenes and Eryeipelothrix

rhusiopathiae


1. Enumerate the organisms causing abortion in cattle and write in detail about

pathogenesis,

diagnosis and differential diagnosis of listeriosis in cattle.

ERYSIPELOTHRIX


1. Swine erysipelas is caused by __________

2. Urticarial form of erysipelas infection in pig is called

as___________________.3. In gelatin stab culture E.rhusiopathiae gives _________ type of growth.

4. Experimental animals for erysipelas for _______ and _________.

Write True or False

1. In TSI E. rhusiopathiae gives R/Y/H2S* reaction


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2. E.rhusiopathiae is easily destroyed by salting and smoking of meat.

3. In swine erysipelas serotypes la, 1 b and 2 are most frequently implicated.

4. Vegetative endocarditis in pigs is caused by E.rhusiopathiae.

5. In Erysipelas infection the bacterium present in deeper parts of the skin.

Write short notes

1. Diamond skin disease

Write short answers

1. Specimens for erysipelas infection

2. Cultural characters of E.rhusiopathiae

CORYNEBACTERIUM


1. The renale group of corynebacteria are ___________, ________ and

_____________.

2. Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep is caused by __________.

3. Corynebacterium metachromatic granules are called as ____________.

4. To demonstrate corynebacterium granules ________ and ________

stains are commonly used.

5. On blood agar salmon pink pigmentation is produced by __________.

6. All corynebacteria ferment sugars except_________.

7. All corynebacteria are urease positive except ______________.

8. The major toxins of R.equi are __________ and _________.

9. Corynebacterium bovis grow very well in media enriched with

______________.

Write True or False 1. Preisz-Nocard bacillus causes ulcerative lymphangitis in horses.

2. In corynebacterium a complete separation of the daughter cells results in

Chinese letter appearance.

3. Rhodococcus equi is capsulated and acid fast.


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4. Corynebacterium renale groups are haemolytic.

5. In CAMP test, Rhodococcus equi inhibit the staphylococcal haemolysis.

6. On nutrient agar C.renale and C.pilosum produce yellow pigment colonies.

7. Corynebacterium bovis is a lipophilic.

Write short notes

1. Babes Ernst granules

2. Albert stain

3. Diptheroids

4. Schick test

5. Isolation and identification of Coryenbacteria

Write short answers

1. Ulcerative lymphangitis

2. Caseous lymphangitis

ACTINOMYCES


1. Actinimyces bovis causes _________ in Horses

2. The pale yellow granules of actinomyces lesions are refered as

_______________

3. Gram positive bacteria which able to grow as branching filaments

________________

Write True or False

1. Lumpy jaw in cattle is caused by Ray fungus

2. Actinomyces produce endospore or conidia; hence it is referred as ray

fungus.3. Actinomyces grow very well in SDA.

4. Actinomyces bovis is a capnophilic

5. In CAMP test A.bovis gives very clear zone of compelte haemolysis.

6. A. pyogenes infection occur most frequently in heifer and dry cows


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during summer months. Hence, it is named as summer mastitis.

7. Pitting of loeffler serum slope is characteristic of A.pyognes .

8. A.pyogens causes wooden tongue in cattle.

9. The causative agent of summer mastitis grow very well on blood agar

Write short notes

1 .Ray fungus

2. Lumpy jaw

3. Poll evil

4. Summer mastitis

Write Short answers

1. Cultural characters of Actinomyces bovis

2. Diagnosis of Actinomycosis in cattle.

3. Pathogenesis of Actinomycosis

NOCARDIA


1. To pathogenic species of Nocardia are ________ and __________.

2. Bovine farcy is cause by __________________.

Write True or False

1. Nocardia form vegetative or aerial hyphae

2. The genera Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus

have common

antigens

3. Nocardia is partially acid fast.

Write short notes 1. Bovine farcy

Write Short answers

1. Difference between Actinomyces and Nocardia.


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MYCOBACTERIA


1. The cell walls of mycobacteria are rich in ______

2. Runyan classified atypical mycobacteria into __________ and

______________.

3. Slowly growing non-chromogenic mycobacteria are _______ and

_____________.

4. ________ is called as Timothy grass bacillus

5. The acid-fast property of mycobacterium was discovered by

______________.

6. M.paratuberculosis was first described by _____________.

7. Bundle of faggots is characteristic of _____________.

8. The generation time of M.tuberculosis is ________________.

9. In liquid media, virulent strains of M.tuberculosis are often arranged as

10. Most commonly used media for Mycobacteria are ______

&____________.

11. In Lowenstein Jensen medium _____ dye is used as the selective agent.

12. LJ medium with high amount glycerol is useful for isolation of _____________

13. Luxurient growth of M.tuberculosis on LJ medium is known as ______

14. Isolation of Mycobacteria _______ and _______ siderophores are

required.

15. The mycobacterium may remain alive in droplet nuclei for ______ days.

16. The cell wall of the mycobacteria composed of ______, ______ and

______ 17. Haematogenous spread of tubercle results _______ form of

tuberculosis

18. In acid fast method ______ stain is commonly used.

19. Suitable specimens for tuberculosis are _____ and ________.


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20. Commonly used decontaminating agents for tuberculosis specimens

are ______ and________.

Write True or False

1. Mycobacteria means fungus like bacteria

2. MOTT causes tuberculosis in man and animals

3. M.Phlei is non-cultivable mycobacteria

4. Tuberculus spinal lesions were found in Egyptian mummies

5. The term tubercle was coined by Francis sylvius.

6. Koch's postulates is based on tubercle bacillus

7. Leprosy bacillus is also known as Hansen bacillus.

8. Beaded apperance is characteristic of M.avium.

9. M.tuberculosis is motile and capsulated organism.

10. Fatty acids in culture media enhance the growth of M.tuberulosis .

11. The growth of M.bovis is inhibited by Glycerol.

12. Stone brink medium incorporated with sodium pyruvate is useful for

isolation of M.bovis .

13. The growth pattern of M. bovis in glycerol containing media is known as

eugonic.

14. The bacilli M.tuberculosis in sputum may remain alive for 20 -30hrs.

15. The virulence of mycobacteria depends on the total % of cell wall mycoli

acid.

16. Mycobacteria are not transmitted through genital tract.

17. Miliary tuberculosis is more common in deer.

18. In pigs, tuberculous lesions are mostly seen in vertebrate and long bones.

19. Digestion or liquefaction of mucus specimens for tuberculosis results indestruction of

microorganism.

Write short notes

1.MOTT


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2. Card factor

3. Koch's Postulates

4. Hansen bacillus

5. Timothy grass bacillus

6. Siderophores

7. Tubercle

8. Bundle of faggots

9. Eugonic/dysgonic

10. Milaiary tuberculosis

11. Stone brink medium

12. Short thermal test

13. PPD

14. Tuberculin

15. Antiformin

16. Acid fast stain

17. Mycolic acid.

18. DID

Write Short answers

1. Classification of Mycobacteria

2. Morphology and Cultural characters of Mycobacteria

3. Tuberculosis

4. Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis

5. Diagnosis of M.tuberculosis

6. Diagnosis of M.bovis

7. Different types of Tuberculin test8. Specimens for tuberculosis infection.

9. Basis of acid fast staining


1. List the mycobacterial species associated with infection in animals. Describe


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in detail the techniques for isolation, identification and classification of the

same.

2. Classification, morphology, cultural characters and diagnosis of

M.tuberculosis

3. Briefly describe morphological, staining, cultural characters, pathogenicity,

diagnosis, differential diagnosis and control of tuberculosis in cattle and fowl.

ES CH E RI CH I A CO L I


1. The presence of E.coli in water samples is a evidence of ______________.

2. White Scours in calves caused by _____________

3. Odema disease in pigs caused by _____________

4. On MacConkey agar E.coli produce ______ colonies.

5. E.coli produces characteristic metallic sheen colonies _______ agar.

6. The strains of E.coli are serotyped based on ______, _________ and

________ antigens.

7. ETEC produced ________ and _________ enterotoxins

8. EIEC released the siderophore named as _____________

Write True or False

1. Coliforms are non-lactose fermenters

2. E.coli causes watery mouth in neonatal lambs

3. Hjarre's disease in poultry is caused by Salmonella pullorum

4. E.coli is motile with peritrichous flagella

5. E.coli is very weak lactose fermenter6. Pathogenic E.coli are non haemolytic

7. E.coli gives IMViC +,+,_,_.

8. F antigens are absent in E.coli

9. The endotoxin of E.coli plays a major role in coliform mastitis.


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10. Shiga like toxins 2 is responsible for odema disease in pigs.

11. ETEC strain K88, K99 releases enterotoxins responsible for neonatal

colibacillosis.

Write short notes

1. White Scours

2. Watery mouth

3. Odema disease

4. Coliforms

5. Padding puppy syndrome

6. Hjarre's disease

7. Mushy yolk disease

8. IMViC

9. Colibacillosis

10. Colisepticaemia

11.Coligranuloma

12. MacConkey agar

13. Verotoxins

Write Short answers

1. Classification of Pathogenic E.coli

2. Toxins and virulence factors of E.coli

3. Pathogenicity of E.coli

4. Antigens of E.coli


1. Describe the morphology, cultural and biochemical characters and diagnosis

of Escherichia coli. SALMONELLA


1. Samonella gallinarum causes ______ in all ages of chickens

2. Selective enriched media for salmonella are ______, ______ and


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______

3. On MacConkey agar Salmonella are______________.

4. Vi antigen presents in _______, ______ and ______ species of

salmonella

5. H-O variation of Salmonella can be demonstrated by using _______

tube.

6. After repeated subculturing the S.typhi loses its Vi antigen, hence, it is

called as _______

7. Based on biochemical reaction Reeves classified salmonella into___________

and ______.

8. Serological classification of salmonella was done by

________________________.

9. Media, which are commonly used for isolation of salmonella, are

____________ and _______________________.

Write True or False

1. Fowl typhoid is caused by S.pullorum

2. S.typhimurium causes fowl paratyphoid

3. S.enteritidis and S .typhimurium associated with food poisoning in humans

4. Among Salmonella, H-O variation is commonly occur in S.gallinarum

5. The species salmonella currently comprise about 2300 serotypes

6. Rappaport is highly suitable for salmonella of poultry and swine

7. The typical reaction of Salmonella in TSI agar is R/Y/ H 2S

8. The S.cholera suis produces H 2S abundantly in TSI.

9. The H antigen of S.pullorum is antigenic.

10. Vi antigen of salmonella is also called as Boivin antigen11. Phase variation of salmonella is mainly due to flagellar antigens.

12. The phase I antigens of S.pullorum and S.gallinarum are g, m.

13. Vertical transmission is very common in salmonellosis in poultry

Write short notes


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1. Bacillary white diarrhoea

2. Pullorum disease

3. Fowl typhoid

4. Selenite broth

5. TSI agar

6. Boivin antigen

7. Vi antigen

8. Kauffmann white scheme

9. V-W variation.

Write Short answers

1. Cultural characters of Salmonella

2. Classification of salmonella

3. Kauffmann -white scheme of Salmonella

4. Antigens and toxins of Salmonella

5. Antigenic variations of Salmonella

6. Salmonellosis in poultry.

7. Typing of salmonella organisms


1. Decribe the morphology, cultural, biochemical characters and diagnosis

of Salmonellae.

2. Write in detail about Salmonella infections in Poultry.

3. Write in detail about the morphology, cultural characteristics, antigenic

structure, pathogenesis and diagnosis of pullorum disease.

KLEBSIELLA


1. _________________ is called as Friedlander's bacillus.

2. Klebsiella pneumoniae produce __________ in pigs.


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3. The characteristic feature of Klebsiella pneumoniae is __________.

4. On Macconkey agar, Klebsiella pneumoniae produce _______ colonies

Write True or False

1. The capsule of Friedlander's bacillus is made up of poly-D-glutamic acid

2. Klebsiella pneumoniae usually produce rough colonies

Write short answers

1. Friedlander's bacillus

2. Differentiate Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli based on biochemical

characters.

YERSINIA


1. Pseudotuberculosis in guineapigs caused by __________________.

2. Y.pestis causes __________ in man and rodents

3. Bubonic plaque is mainly spread through _______

4. Y.pseudotuberculosis are non motile at 37C but motile at ______________.

5. Y.pseudotuberculosis is classified based on ______antigen and Y.pestis is

classified based on _________.

Write True or False

1. In human pulmonary plaque spreads mainly through rat flea

2. Capsule of Y.pestis is more prominent in cultures.

3. Y.pestis grows very well in Macconkey's bile salt medium.

Write short answers

1. Pseudotuberculosis in guineapigs

2. Differentiate Yersinia and Pasteurella.

MOREXELLA


1. Bovine kerato conjuctivitis is caused by ____________.

2. Pink eye in cattle is caused by_____________.


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3 . Morexella bovis arranged in pairs, hence they are referred as

__________________.

4. Morexella generally found in _________ of cattle.

Write True or False

1. Morexella bovis required X and V factors for growth

2. On blood agar the causative agent of pink eye produce beta haemolysis

Write short answers

1. Bovine kerato conjuctivits

2. Pink eye

PASTEURELLA


1. P.multocida type A causes _______

2. Selective medium for P.multocida is _________________.

3. On nutrient agar P.multocida produces characteristic _________ odour.

4. Carter's classified P.multocida into five serotypes based on _____

antigens.

5. Classification of P. haemolytica biotypes based on the fermentation of

______ and___________.

Write True or False

1. Shipping fever in cattle is caused by P.haemolytica biotype A

2. P.multocida type D causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs.

3. New duck disease in ducks is caused by Rimerella anatipestifer .

4. The name Pasteurellacea was proposed by Pasteur.

5. When stained with gram's stain pasteurella exhibits bipolar character.

6. P.multocida is very strong haemolytic.7. P.multocida grows very well on Macconkey agar

8. P.multocida type E : 6 cause haemorrhagic septicaemia in Africa.

Write short notes

1. Fowl cholera


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2. Haemorrhagic septicaemia

3. New duck disease

4. Bipolar staining

5. Shipping fever.

Write Short answers

1. Antigens of Pasteurella

2. Pathogenesis of shipping fever

3. Cultural characters of Pasteurella

4. Fowl cholera.


1. Describe the morphology, cultural and biochemical characters and diagnosis of

Pasteurella multocida

2. Write in detail about the morphology, cultural characteristics, antigenic

structure, pathogenesis and diagnosis of haemorrhagic septicaemia.

ACTINOBACILLUS


1. Morse code appearance is characteristic of ____________.

2. Timber tongue in cattle is caused by ______________.

3. In media containing fermentable carbohydrates actinobacillus gives

characteristic

__________ form.

Write True or False

1. Actinobacillus equli cause sleepy foal disease.

2. Actinobacillus pluropneumonia is capsulated and catalase positive.3. Actinobacillus are IMViC +ve

4. In CAMP test actinobacillus gives positive reaction.

5. Lumpy jaw in cattle is caused by Actinobacillus bovis .

Write short notes


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1. Morse code form

2. Wooden tongue

3. Sleepy foal disease

Write Short answers

1. Bovine actinobacillosis

2. Morphology of actinobacillus

3. Pathogenesis of wooden tongue.

HAEMOPHILUS


1. Haemophilus required growth factors _________ and _______ present

in blood.

2. The most suitable media for isolation of Haemophilus is

______________.

3. Levinthal medium is useful for the isolation of ___________________.

4. To demonstrate satellitism of Haemophilus and Staphylococcus

_________ agar is required.

5. Preservation of haemophilus can be achieved by _________________.

6. Among Haemophilus ___________ and _________ species required

both X and V factor.

7. Based on Immunodiffusion test sofar ___________ serotypes of

H.parasuis and ____________ serotypes of H.paragallinarum have been

recognized.

8. The clinical materials for Haemophilus can be best preserved by

___________.9. Glasser's disease in Pigs is caused by ______________.

Write True or False

1. Haemophilus means blood-loving bacteria

2 . H.paragallinarum causes CRD in poultry.


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3 . H.somnus causes sleepers in cattle

4. The causative agent of infectious coryza required both X and V factor for their

growth.

5. H.somnus grows very well on blood agar.

6. Staphylococcus aureus synthesize X factor which is required for growth of

haemophilus.

7. Chocolate agar contain X factor only.

8. Haemophilus species are more resistant to environment.

9 . H.somnus required both X and V factor for their growth.

10. H.paragallinarum and H.parasuis required only V factor for their growth.

11. Haemophilus are readily destroyed at 0C to 4C

12. H.somnus required both X and V factor for their growth.

13. Polyserositis is more common in Glassers disease of pigs.

14. Reproductive failure is more common in cattle due to H.somnus infection.

15. The X factor is heat stable and V factor is heat labile

Write short notes

1. TEME

2. Sleepers

3. Glasser's disease

4. X and V factor

5. Levinthals medium

6. Filde's agar

7. Satellitism

8. Chocolate agar

9. Preservation of haemophilus species.Write Short answers

1. Enumerate Haemophilus species with their X and V factor requirement

2. Satelitism

3. Infectious coryza in poultry


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4. Glassers disease in pigs

5. Cultural characters of haemophilus.

PSEUDOMONAS

I. Fill up the blanks with suitable words

1. Agar which contain ___________ is the selective media for P.aeruginosa

2. On nutrient agar, Pseudomonas aeruginosa gives a characteristic

________ odour

due to the production of ___________.

3. Pigments, which are produced by P.aeruginosa , are ____________,

____________, _______________ and __________________.

4. On nutrient agar, Pseudomonas pseudomallei give a characteristic

_________________

odour due to production-of ___________.

5. On nutrient agar, the corrugated, honey comb surface colonies

produced by

6. Microorganisms grow very well in antiseptic lotions are ____

7. Three forms of glanders are _______, ________ and

Write True or False

1. Pseudomonas mallei is motile

2. Pseudoglanders is also called as melioidosis

3. Melioidosis is caused by P.mallei

4. Loefflerelle mallei causes glanders in horses

5. Pfeiferella mallei causes strangles in horses

6. Pseudomonas pseudomallei is peritrichous7. The pigment production of P.aeruginosa is best demonstrated on nutrient

agar.

8. The pigment pyocyanin is produced only by P.aeruginosa

9. The only pseudomonas grow very well on Macconkey agar is P.mallei .


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10. Pigments of P.aeruginosa has bacteriocins activity.

11. Pseudomonas is resistant to wide range of antimicrobial drugs.

12. P.mallei mostly affects cattle and pigs.

13. Straus reaction is confirmatory test for diagnosis of pseudomonas infection.

14. Mallein is a glycoprotein extracted from the P.pseudomallei .

15. In straus reaction female guinea pigs are most commonly used.

Write short notes

1. Straus reaction

2. Mallein test

3. Farcy

4. Glanders

5. Fleece rot

6. White more's bacillus

7. Pseudoglanders

8. Pigments of Pseudomonas.

Write Short answers

1. Cultural, biochemical and resistance characters of Pseudomonas

2. Pseudomonas pigments

3. Mallein test

4. Pathogenesis and symptoms of glanders.

5. Pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infection

6. Diagnosis and treatment of pseudomonas infection.

BRUCELLA

Fill up the blanks with suitable words 1. Bang's disease in cattle is caused by __________.

2. Undulant fever in human is caused by ____________________.

3. The live attenuated Brucella strain 19 vaccine was developed by ______

4. Stain, which is mostly useful to demonstrate brucella in placental smear, is


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5. Selective medium for brucella is _______________and_________________.

6. B.abortus survives ____________ days in aborted foetus.

7. Brucella grows very well in the presence of dyes _______ and _______.

8. The Polyhydric alcohol, _______, which presents in allantoic fluid favours

the growth of brucella.

9. The abortion caused by brucella is most commonly occur in __________

month of gestation.

10. In brucellosis, the cotyledons become ________ appearance.

11. In serum agglutination test, the titre __________ is considered as

positive.

12. To detect brucella incomplete antibodies, _______ test is commonly

used.

Write True or False

1. Brucella is aerobic and carboxyphilic

2. Brucella abortus causes Malta fever in human.

3. B.neotomae causes abortion in dogs

4. In brucellosis, bovine cotyledons particularly the cells of chorion are

packed with

Brucella organism.

5. Brucella is partial acid-fast organism

6. Brucella is beta haemolytic on blood agar

7. On IMViC test Brucella gives ++++.

8. Brucella spores are remaining viable many months in ice cream, butter and

milk.

9. The A and M antigens of Brucella are capsular antigens.10. B.abortus strain 19 is highly virulent

11. B.abortus biotype 3 commonly present in India

12. Erythritol enhances the growth of B.abortus strain 19.

13. The irreversible sterility due to Brucellosis is more common in dogs.


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6. How is brucellosis transmitted?

7. Describe the nutritional, biochemical requirement for growth of Brucella

abortus .

8. How is brucellosis in swine identified at slaughter market?

9. Brucella organisms are known to grow and multiply within the host

cell. What other organisms are related to Brucella in this respect? What

host cells are involved?

10. Intracellularly, brucellae organisms mediate what kind of immunity?

11. What are the vitamins requirements for the growth of Brucella? Why

do we not use it in our laboratory exercises?

12. Describe brucellosis in dog.


1. Write in detail about the diagnosis and control of brucellosis in cattle.

2. Enumerate the causative organisms responsible for abortion and describe

the diagnostic techniques to diagnose them.

3. Describe the following serologic test for brucellosis:

a) Milk ring testing

b) Rapid plate agglutination test

c) Compliment fixation test

d) Card test

e) Rose bengal plate test

4. Discuss the brucellosis control and evaluation program in cattle. Why is

it difficult to maintain such a program in swine? What is the public health

significance of brucellosis?

CAMPYLOBACTER


1. Winter dysentery in cattle is caused by ___________.

2. Abortion storm in cattle is caused by _____________.


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3. ____________ organism gives flying seagull like appearance

4. Campylobacter organisms are motile by __________

5. The subspecies venerealis grouped into two biotypes based on

_______production

6. The species C.fetus grouped into two subspecies namely

________and______

7. Thiol medium is commonly used to isolation of ______________.

8. Medias commonly used to isolation of campylobacters

are______,________, ___________ and ____________.

Write True or False

1. Campylobacter is motile, capsulated and spore forming organism.

2. Campylobacter is microaerophilic.

3. Semen abnormalities are characteristic in bull infected with Campylobacter.

Write short answers

1. Winter dysentery

2. Abortion storm


1. Write the general characters of Campylobacter. Also describe various

species of campylobacter and diseases they cause in livestock and write

in brief about the morphology, cultural characters, pathogenesis,

diagnosis and control of winter dysentery in cattle.

DERAMTOPHIULS


1. Lumpy wool in sheep is caused by __________________

2. Mature filaments of Dermatophilus congolensis are composed of motile __________________.

3. Most suitable media for cultivation of Deramtophilus congolensis is

__________.

4. Dermatophilosis infection is also called as ________________.


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5. Most suitable specimen for demonstrate dermatophilosis is

__________________.

6. Dermatophilus congolensis spores are motile by

_____________________.

Write True or False

1. Dermatophilus congolensis can survive in scab material for periods up

to 3 years

2. The bacterium Dermatophilus congolensis produce aerial mycelium

3. Sabourauds dextrose agar is most suitable to demonstrate mycelial

filaments of

Dermatophilus congolensis.

4. Dermatophilosis is zoonotic

5. Giemsa stain is highly suitable to demonstrate species of dermatophilus

species

6. Zoospores of Dermatophilus congolensis are motile and infective

Write short notes

1. Mycotic dermatitis

2. Strawberry foot rot

3. Dermatophilosis /Streptothricosis

Write short answers

1. Developmental cycle of Deramtophilus congolensis

2. Pathogenesis of Deramtophilus congolensis

3. Morphology of Deramtophilus congolensis


1. Describe in detail about dermatophilosis in sheep

BACTERIODES and FUSOBACTERIUM


1. Thrush in horses is caused by _______________


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2. __________ & ______________ are examples for non spore forming

anaerobic gram

negative bacteria

3. For cultivation of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteriodes nodsus

________

H2, _________ Co2 and ___________ N2 are needed to provide

obsolute anaerobic conditions.

4. Bacteriodes melaninogenicus produce black colonies on ___________

agar.

5. Fusobacterium necrophorum produce ____________ colonies on blood

agar.

6. Agar which is suitable to demonstrate lipase activity of Fusobacterium

necrophorum

is _________________.

7. _________________ enzymes produced by Bacteriodes nodosus is

responsible for foot rot lesions.

8. Fusobacterium necrophorum produces ___________ toxin, which

protects Corynebacterium pyogenes from phagocytosis.

9. Stain which is more useful to demonstrate bacteriodes and fusobacterium

are _______________________.

Write True or False

1. The natural habitat of Bacteriodes nodsus is digital epidermis of sheep

2. Irregular staining is characteristic for Fusobacterium necrophorum

3. Fusobacterium necrophorum is gram negative, long and filamentousbacterium

4. Bacteriodes species are sensitive to kanamycin

5. Fusobacterium species are sensitive to kanamycin

6. All pathogenic bacteriodes species are catalase negative except


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Bacteriodes fragilis

7. Fusobacterium necrophorum produces both exo and endotoxins

8. Bacteriodes nodsus infections are endogenous in origin

Write short notes

1. Foot rot

2. Scald

3. Bull nose

4. Eugon agar

5. Thrush

Write short answers

1. Differential diagnosis of foot rot in sheep

2. Cultural characteristics of Bacteriodes nodosus

3. Morphology of Bacteriodes nodosus

4. Pathogenicity of foot rot


1. Foot rot in animals

2. Give detail account on non spore forming gram negative anaerobic bacterial

infections in animals.

LEPTOSPIRA


1. Recurrent iridocytosis or moon blindness in horses is caused by

_________________.

2. Among animals ______________ carry most important pathogenic serotypes of

leptospires

3. In leptospirosis animal carriers often excrete _________________ per ml ofurine.

4. Test which is commonly used to demonstrate leptospires is

_________________________.

5. Identification of leptospires growth on media is mainly based on their


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_____________ & _______________ under dark field microscope.

6. Serovar and serogroup classification in leptospirosis is mainly based on

______________ antigens

7. In leptospirosis, most suitable specimen for dark field microscope examination is

_______________

8. Most suitable transport media for cultivation of leptospires is

____________________.

9. To detect leptospires under DFM, at least _______________________ number

of leptospires

per ml should be present in the sample.

10. ________________ is useful to preserve morphology of leptospires in urine.

11. ___________________ test uses live leptospires as antigen and are highly

sensitive and serovar specific.

12. Drugs which are effective against leptopsirosis are ______________,

______________ & _____________.

13. The genus leptospira is divided into two groups namely _______________ &

_________________

14. Leptospirosis causes abortion at ________________ month of gestation in

cattle.

15. Medium which is suitable for the isolation of leptospires from genital tract of

cows is ________________.

16. Generation time of leptospires in laboratory media is _____________ hrs.

Write True or False

1) Leptospira hardjo causes milk drop syndrome, abortion and infertility in cattle

2)

Leptospires are naturally present in the proximal convoluted tubules of kidneys3) Leptospires have two periplasmic flagella and they are non motile

4) Leptospira divide by binary fission

5) Leptospires produce characteristic colonies on the surface of the agar

6) Liquid and semi solid medias are most suitable than solid media for cultivation


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of leptospires

7) Leptospires are highly resistant to heat, acid and chemicals

8) Infected dogs shed leptospires in their urine for 2-6 hours

9) In pigs venereal transmission of leptospires is more common.

10) Leptospires able to invade the blood stream more rapidly than other

bacteria

11) Leptospires withstand 2-3 hrs in acidic urine.

12) Acute leptospirosis causes abortion in cattle.

13) Leptospires are intracellular bacteria

14) Free living and non pathogenic leptospira strains are grouped as

Leptospira biflexa

15) Leptospira are obligate aerobes and highly fastidious.

Write short notes

1) Stuttgart disease

2) Weils disease / seven day fever

3) Moon blindness

4) Spinning motility

5) Silver impregnation technique

6) EMJH medium

7) Microscopic agglutination test

Write short answers

1) Morphology of leptospires

2) Cultural characteristic of leptospires

3) Diagnosis of leptospires

4) Differential diagnosis of leptospirosis


1) Give detail account on leptospirosis in animals

MYCOPLASMA


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1. Chronic respiratory disease in chicken caused by _________.

2. Smallest self replicating prokaryotic cells are ___________ and

3. Mollicutes are _____________________and____________________.

4. M.mycoides subsp mycoides causes____________ in cattle

5. Fried egg colonies are produced by _________and _____

6. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma required ____________ for their growth.

7. __________ and ___________ stains are commonly used to

demonstrate mycoplasma organisms from specimens.

8. To demonstrate mycoplasma colonies ___________stain is commonly

used.

9. Mycoplasma produce haemolysis on _________ blood agar

10. In chicken embryo _________ route is suitable for mycoplasma.

11. ___________ is also called as T mycoplamsa.

12. Avian mycoplasmas are mostly transmitted by __________.

13. The minimum reproductive unit of mycoplasma is _________ .

14. ___________ test is useful to demonstrate the requirement of

cholestrol for the growth of mycoplasma.

15. Mycoplasmas are highly sensitive to _________ and _________drugs.

Write True or False

1. Mycoplasma lacks cell wall but rich in muramic acid and diaminopimilic acid.

2. CCPP is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides

3. Mycoplasma is motile and spore forming bacteria.

4. Filteration is the best method for mycoplasma contamination in cell culture.5. M.synoviae causes infectious synovitis in ducks.

6. Mycoplasma grow in chicken embryos

7. Mycoplasma required living system for multiplication.

8. Mycoplasma usually produces tiny colonies than Ureaplasma


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9. Morphology of mycoplasma is best studied under light microscope.

10. All the members of mycoplasmataceae are urease positive.

11. Mycoplasmas are highly susceptible to pencillin

12. Mycoplasamas are capsulated

13. L forms are filterable.

14. L forms are smaller than mycoplasma

15. L forms are non pathogenic.

16. Like mycoplasma, L forms are also required sterols for growth.

17. Acholeplasma is sensitive to digitonin

Write short notes

1. PPLO

2. Diene's stain

3. T-mycoplasma

4. L-forms

5. Enzootic pneumoniae in pigs

6. Mollicutes

7. Fried egg appearance

8. Morphology of mycoplasma

9. CCPP

10. CBPP

11. Infectious synovitis in turkeys

Write short answers

1. Chronic respiratory disease

2. Colony characters of Mycoplasma

3. Difference between mycoplasma and L forms4. MAKePS syndrome

5. Diagnosis of Mycoplasma

6. Dienes method


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1. Write the general characters of mycoplasma. Also describe various

species of mycoplasmas and diseases they cause in livestock and write in

brief about the diagnosis of mycoplasma infections.

2. Write in detail about the morphology, cultural characters, pathogenesis,

diagnosis and control of CRD in poultry.

3. Write in detail about the morphology, cultural characters, pathogenesis,

diagnosis and control of CBPP.

RICKETTSIA


1. Potomoac horse fever is caused by _____________________.

2. Grazing fever in cattle is caused by ________________________.

3. The sharing of antigens between ___________________ &

_______________

species is the basis for Weil-Felix reaction.

4. Primary reservoir for Q fever infection is ____________________.

5. In cattle and sheep predilection sites for Coxiella burnetti are

______________ & _______________.

6. Heart water in cattle is mainly transmitted by ____________________.

7. Laboratory animals most suitable for primary isolations are ________ &

___________.

8. Suitable specimens for diagnosis of Coxiella burnetti are __________,

___________ & ______________.Write True or False

1. Rickettsiales required living cells for multiplication

2. Rickettsiales divide by binary fission

3. Rickettsiales possess both DNA and RNA


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4. Rickettsiales can be seen under the light microscope

5. Q fever is transmitted by Brown dog tick

6. Rickettsiales survive very well in outside of the host

7. Q-fever causes abortion in sheep, goats and cattle

8. Weil-Felix reaction is a precipitation test.

Match the following

1. Epidemic typhus a. Rochalimae quintana

2. Endemic typhus b. Rickettsiae tsutsugamusi

3. Rocky mountain spotted fever c. Rickettsiae ricketsii

4. Scrub typhus d. Rickettsiae mooseri

5. Trench fever e. Rickettsiae prowazekii

Write Short notes

1. Epidemic typhus

2. Trench fever

3. Endemic typhus

4. Weil-Felix reaction

Write Short answers

1. Q-fever

2. Heart water

3. Salmon poisoning


1. Classify Rickettsiae. Describe briefly their general properties and

diagnosis of Rickettsiosis.

2. Describe briefly etiology, cultivation, pathogenicity of heart water

disease in cattle together with diagnosis and control.3. Describe in detail about pathologically significant species of Rickettsia.

4. Write in detail about the etiology, cultivation, pathogenicity and

diagnosis of Q fever.

5. Describe briefly etiology, cultivation, pathogenicity of heart water


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disease in cattle together with diagnosis and control.

CHLAMYDIA


1. Chlamydiae referred as basophilic virus because it produces

_____________ in infected cells.

2. Chlamydiae infection in psittacine birds is called as _____________ and

infection in non psittacine birds is called as ___________.

3. Two forms of chlamydiae are ______________ & ________________.

4. Stain which is most suitable to demonstrate elementary bodies of

chlamydiae is _________________.

5. ________________ stain is useful to demonstrate basophilic intra

cytoplasmic aggregates of chlamydiae psittaci in smears from conjuctival

swabs.

6. Chlamydial organisms may shed in ___________ of carrier animals.

7. In case of chronic abortion in ewes, abortion moct commonly occur in

_____________ of pregnancy.

8. In avian psittacosis, chalmydiae psittaci multiply in organs like

__________ and ______________ and shed in _____________.

Write True or False

1. Chlamydiae required living system for multiplication

2. Chlamydiae multiply by binary fission

3. Chlamydiae processes both DNA and RNA

4. Chlamydiae are resistant to antibiotics5. Bedsoniae agents mainly affect psittacine birds

6. Chlamydiae are gram negative organism

7. Chlamydial elementary bodies are shed in the semen

8. In Chlamydial infection vertical infection is most common in animals.


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Write short notes

1. Energy parasites

2. Psittacosis

3. Ornithosis

4. Bedsonian agents

5. Elementary bodies

6. Reticulate bodies

7. LCL bodies

8. BUSS disease

Write short answers

1. Developmental cycle of chlamydiae

2. Cultivation of chlamydiae

3. Pathogenesis of chlamydiae


1. Describe briefly etiology, cultivation, diagnosis and control of Psittacosis

and Ornithosis.

2. Write an essay on Psittacosis Ornithosis and different types of

chlamydial infections.

3. Write in detail about multiplication of Chlamydia. Also write about

pathogenicity and diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci .

VETERINARY MYCOLOGY

CANDIDIASIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Canididae species which, associated with diseases in animals is __________.

2. Poultry candidiosis is also called as __________________.

3. Most suitable specimen for diagnosis of candidiosis is

________________.


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Write TRUE or FALSE

1. Candidiasis of the alimentary tract is often referred as thrush

2. Bovine abortion is caused by Candida parapsilosis

3. Candida albicans causes pyometra in mare.

4. Avian moniliasis is a cutaneous mycotic infection

5. Candida species are commonly present in the crop of birds.

6. In gram stained smears Candida albicans appear as purple blue yeast

cell.

7. Candida albicans grow very well in Sabourauds dextrose agar with

cycloheximide

8. All the candida species produce chlamydospore on corn meal agar.

Write short notes

1. Moniliasis

2. Biggy agar

3. Dalmus technique

4. Germ tube test

Write short answers

1. Diagnosis of candidiosis infection in animals

2. Avian moniliaisis

3. Pathogenesis of candidiosis


1. Explain in detail about candidiosis in animals and birds.

2. Enumerate the important species belonging to genus Candida in

veterinary mycology. Explain in detail about avian candidiasis.

RHINOSPORIDIASIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Fungus which produce large polyps or wart like lesions on the nasal

mucous membrane of animals is ____________.


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2. Occurrence of rhinosporidiosis is more common in countries like

__________ & _______________.

3. The primary lesion of rhinosporidiosis is _________________.

4. Only method for diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis is _______________ .

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. Rhinosporidiasis is a systemic mycosis

2. Rhinosporidiasis is more common in male animals

3. The primary lesions of Rhinosporidiasis is polyps

4. The natural habitat of the Rhinosporidium seebri is stagnant water.

5. Rhinosporidium seebri grows very well in Sabourauds dextrose agar.

6. Rhinosporidium seebri can be cultivated in laboratory animals

7. Rhinosporidium seebri is zoonotic.

8. Rhinosporidium seebri produce water like lesions only on the nasal

mucus membranes.

Write short answers

1. Rhinosporidiosis in cattle


1. Explain in detail about European blastomycosis.

2. Write brief essay on rhinosporidiosis.

CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Stains which used to demonstrate capsule of C.neoformans are

__________ & ______________.2. _____________ agar is most suitable for demonstration of capsule of

C. neofromans .

3. On bird seed agar C. neofromans produce ______________ colonies

after incubate the plate at 37 0 C for 7 days.


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4. The main route of cryptococcosis infection in animal is

______________.

5. On gross examination, cryptococcal lesions resemble

________________.

6. C. neofromans causes _______________ in cattle.

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. Cryptococcus neoformans causes nasal granuloma in horses

2. Cryptococcus neoformans causes meningitis in cattle

3. Cryptococcus neoformans yeast cells are gram negative

4. Cryptococcus neoformans causes meningitis in pigeons

5. Cryptococcus neoformans survive in pigeon droppings for more than a

year.

6. All cryptococcus species are pathogenic.

7. Cryptococcus neoformans is highly urease positive.

8. Crptococcus infection in optic nerve results in blindness

9. The virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with the unique

enzyme diphenol oxidase.

10. Mice are highly susceptible to Cryptococcus neoformans.

11. Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for cryptococccl infection.

Write short notes

1. Bird seed agar

Write short answers

1. Pathogenesis of torulosis

2. Cultural characters of C. neoformans

Write an essay of the following 1. Discuss morphology, cultural characters, pathogenicity and treatment of

Cryptococcus neoformans .


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ASPERGILLOSIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Most favourable conditions for occurrence of spread of avian aspergillosis

are ________________ & _____________.

2. Most suitable media for cultivation of aspergillosis is _______________.

3. _______________ & _______________ are predisposing factors for

aspergillosis.

4. Identification of different aspergillus species is based on

___________________ and ______________.

5. ______________ is a primary pathogen causes placentitis and ring worm

like lesions in cattle

6. Test which commonly used to demonstrate conidiospores of aspergillus

species is _______________.

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. Chronic Aspergillosis in avian species is called as Brooders pneumonia

2. Cycloheximide should never been incorporated in the SDA for the

cultivation of aspergillus species.

3. Aspergillus has the ability to penetrate the egg and infect the embryo.

4. Aspergillosis has very short incubation period.

5. Fungal balls are mostly produced by A.flavus than A. niger .

6. Abortion in cattle caused by A.fumigatus is most commonly occur in

first trimester

Write short notes

1. Mycotic abortion2. Fungus ball

3. Pneumomycosis

Write short answers

1. Brooder pneumonia


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2. Pathogenesis of aspergillosis

3. Mycotic abortion in cattle

4. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of aspergillosis in cattle.


1. Describe in detail about in aspergillosis in animals.

2. Write in detail about natural habitat, cultivation, pathogenesis,

diagnosis, prevention and treatment of aspergillosis in animals.

3. Describe about etiological agents of aspergillotoxicosis in animals and

birds.

4. Differentiate Aspergillus and Penicillium on the basis of cultural and

morphological characteristics with suitable diagram and describe the

disease produced by Aspergillus fumigates .

5. Describe the life cycle of sexual and asexual methods of development of

Aspergillosis species.

MYCOTOXIN AND MYCOTOXICOSIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Fungal toxin are referred to as _____________ and the disease they

produced are termed as ______________.

2. Ocharotoxin is produced by _____________________.

3. Target organs/ tissues for aflatoxins are ____________ &

______________.

4. The only acceptable evidence of mycotoxicosis in animals is

______________.

5. In horses and dokeys fumonisin B1 causes ____________________.6. Animals which most commonly affected by ocharotoxicosis are

_____________ & __________________.

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. A single fungus can produce different mycotoxins


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2. Same mycotoxin can be produced by different fungi

3. Fusarium species produce toxin at freezing temperature

4. Trichothecane toxin (t-2) is produced by Aspergillus nidulans .

5. Mycotoxins are activated at low concentrations

6. The target organ for sporidesmin toxin is digestive system

7. Mycotoxicosis is infectious but not contagious

8. Antibiotics are effective against mycotoxicosis

9. Oestrogenism in pigs is caused by Zearalenone toxins.

Match the following

1. Turkey X disease a) Fumosins B1

2. Citrinin b) Claviceps purpura

3. Sterigmatocyosin c) Aflatoxins

4. Ochratoxin d) Urinary system

5. Vascular system e) Aspergillus versicolor

6. Ergotism f) Pencillium citrinum

7. Leukoencephalomalacia g) Aflatoxicosis

Write short notes

1. Turkey x disease

2. Facial eczema

3. Oestrogenism

4. Mycotoxicosis

Write short answers

1. General features of mycotoxin formation

2. Characteristics of mycotoxins

3. Clinical features of mycotoxicoses4. Mycotoxicosis of domestic animals and poultry.


1. Give detail account on mycotoxins and mycotoxicosis in animals.


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AFLATOXICOSIS

Fill up the blanks

1. The name aflatoxin derives from ___________________

2. Aflatoxins are produced by fungal strains of ______________ &

___________.

3. Important symptoms of acute toxicity of aflatoxins are ___________ &

_____.

4. In dairy cattle aflatoxins _______ & _______ are excreted in the milk

5. Concentration of aflatoxin B1 in excess of ___________ /kg of feed are

considered toxic for cattle.

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. High humidity and high temperature favors the growth and toxin

production of Aspergillus flavus .

2. Aflatoxins are bisfuranocumans compounds

3. Aftatoxins are named according to their position and fluorescent color on

thin layer chromatography.

4. In Aflatoxicosis, the primary target organ is kidney.

5. Aflatoxin B1 is the most hepatogenic

6. Among animals, sheep are highly susceptible to aflatoxicosis

7. Ducklings are highly susceptible to aflatoxicosis.

8. Aflatoxins M1 and M2 are hydroxylated metabolites of G1 and G2 toxins.

Write short notes

1. Aflatoxins

2. Aflatoxicosis

Write short answers1. Biological effects of aflatoxins

2. Diagnosis of aflatoxicosis


1. Describe briefly etiology, pathogenicity and prevention of aflatoxicosis


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affecting many species of animals.

DERMATOPHYTOSIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Dermatophytes infections from soil to animal are referred to as

____________.

2. Detailed work on systematic and scientific studies of the dermatophytes

was done by _____________.

3. Ring worm of the body is called as __________________.

4. Most effective drug against dermatophytosis in small animal is

____________

5. Demratophytes species are identified mainly based on __________ &

_______

6. Dermatophytes produce green fluorescence in skin and hair due to the

presence of ____________ metabolism.

7. Important virulence factor of dermatophytes is ________________.

8. Enzymes which determine virulence of dermatophytes are __________,

__________ & _____________.

9. In dermatophytosis two types of hair invasions are ___________ &

_________

10. In dermatophytosis specimens for culture and examinations should

always be collected from the ______________ lesions.

11. On dermatophyte test medium samples suspected for T. verrucosum

should be incubated at _____________.

Write TRUE or FALSE1. Dermatophyte infections are called as tinea

2. Dermatophyte infections are contagious

3. Dermatophyte infections from animal to human are referred as

anthropophilic


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4. Most of the animal dermatophytes are mostly found only on animals

except

Microsporum gypseum .

5. Ascopsores are absent in parasitic phase of dermatophytes.

6. Dermatophytes utilize keratin as a food source.

7. The infectious unit of dermatophytes is conidia

8. Arthroconidia develop outside the hairshaft is called as endothrix

9. Kerions are more common in dogs.

10. Ring worm infection in nail is called as tinea unguium.

11. Dermatophytosis infect deeper tissues

12. Dermatophytes causes systemic mycosis in dogs.

Write short notes

1. Ring worm / tinea

2. Dermatophytosis

3. Arthropsores

4. id reations

5. Kerions

6. Fowl favus / white comb

Write short answers

1. Morphology of dermatophytes

2. Zoophilic dermatophytes

3. Different types of tineas

4. Pathogenesis of dermatophytes


1. Explain in detail about dermatophytosis in animals .2. Describe in detail about laboratory diagnostic methods in Dermatomycoses.

3. Describe in details the etiology, diagnosis and prevention of dermatophytosis

in animals.

4. What are the different genera present in the dermatomycoses?. How will you


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identify the organisms with morphological structure when exam under the

microscope

HISTOPLASMOSIS

CLASSICAL HISTOPLASMOSIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum is facultative, intra cellular

parasites of ____________ cells.

2. Among animals, ___________ is highly susceptible to darlings disease.

3. Fungus which cause chronic, granulamtous, tuberculous type lesions in

animals is ____________.

4. In animals, histoplasmosis infection usually occurs through __________

and ___________ of spores.

5. Histological stains used to demonstration of Histoplasma capsulatum

organism in infected macrophages are ____________ & ____________.

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. Histoplasma capsulatum has been isolated from soil in bat caves

2. Birds are highly susceptible to infection caused by Histoplasma

capsulatum.

3. Histoplasma capsulatum is not contagious

4. Mice are most suitable laboratory animal for isolation of Histoplasma

capsulatum.

5. Haemoptysis is the predominant symptom in Histoplasma capsulatum

infections.

6. In Histoplasma capsulatum infection, skin test is highly suitable for

detecting active disease.7. Epithelioid and giant cell granulomas of the lung are characteristic.

Write short notes

1. Darlings disease

2. Reticuloendothelial cytomycosis


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Write short answers

1. Calssical histoplasmosis

EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Epizootic lymphangitis mainly affects __________, ___________ &

_______.

2. On Sabourauds dextrose agar, Histoplamsa farciminosum produce

__________________________________________ colonies.

3. In epizootic lymphangitis of horses pyogranulamatous most commonly

develop in __________, __________ & ___________ regions.

4. Cutaneous form of Histoplasma farciminosum infection in horses is

called as

_____________________.

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. Histoplasma capsulatum causes epizootic lymphangitis in horses.

2. Epizootic lymphangitis is a cutaneous mycosis

3. The saprophytic stage of Histoplasma farciminosum is mycelia form

4. Histoplasma farciminosum may survive for up to ten weeks in non

sterile water at 26 0C.

5. Histoplasma farciminosum is viable & virulent after desiccation for 25

months

6. Horses more than six years of age are highly susceptible to infection

caused by

Histoplasma farciminosum.7. Epizootic lymphangitis is a contagious disease.

8. Musca spp and Stomoxys spp flies act as vectors for epizootic

lymphangitis infection

9. Incubation period for epizootic lymphangitis is several weeks to six


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months.

10. Opthalmic form of epizootic lymphangitis is more common.

11. Histoplasma farciminosum is a gram negative organism.

12. Mice are highly suitable lab animal for demonstration of Histoplasma

farciminosum.

Write short notes

1. Epizootic lymphangitis

Write short answers

1. Different forms of epizootic lymphangitis

2. Diagnosis of epizootic lymphangitis

3. Cultural characters of epizootic lymphangitis

4. Differential diagnosis of epizootic lymphangitis in horses.


1. Briefly describe morphological, cultural characters and pathogenicity of

Histoplasma farcinosum in equidae together with diagnosis.

2. Discuss in details the etiology, pathogenicity and diagnosis of epizootic

lymphangitis.

3. Describe in detail about Histoplasma farciminosum . Name the other

diseases of equines, which can be confused with epizootic lymphangitis.

How can they be differentiated from one another?

COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

Fill up the blanks

1. Agars suitable for cultivation of Coccidioides immitis are

______________ & __________________.2. A dimorphic fungus which grows more quickly than other dimorphic

pathogens is _____________________.

3. Coccidioidomycosis infection mainly occurs through ______________ .


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2. Horses and dogs are highly susceptible to sporotrichosis

3. Single celled, cigar-shaped yeast is characteristic for Sporothrix

schenckii

Write short answers

1. Sporotrichosis


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ANSWER KEYS

STREPTOCOCCI


1. Single or one plane

2. Streptococcus pnemoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus equi,

Streptococcus dysagaleactiae .

3. Erythrogenic toxin

4. A-U without I and J.

5. Edwards medium

6. Blood

7. Carbohydrate antigen

8. Streptococcus equi sub sps equi.

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. False

5. True

6. False

7. False

8. False

Choose the correct answer

1- A, 2-D, 3-D, 4-A, 5-C, 6-A,

7-A, 8-A

9. True

10. True

11. False

12. False

13. False

14. True

15. True

STAPHYLOCOCCUS


1. Staphylococci

2. Exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease)


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10. True

11. False

12. False

13. False

14. False

15. False

25. False

26. False

27. False

28. True

29. True

30. True

40. True

41. True

42. True


1- D, 2-D, 3-A, 4-D, 5-A, 6-A, 7-B, 8-A, 9-B, 10-D, 11-A, 12-C, 13-A,

14-B, 15-A, 16-A, 17-A, 18-D, 19-A

BACILLUS

Fill up the blanks

1. Polymer of d-glutamic acid

2. spores

3. Inverted fir tree

4. Bacillus anthracis

5. PLET Polymixin, lyzozyme, EDTA and Thallous acetate

6. Formaldehyde 2%

7. Edema factor, Protective antigen and lethal factor

8. black cherry jam

9. cherry gama phage

10. mice and guinea pig

11. malignant pustule

12. nutrient agar

13. purplish capsule, MacFadeyans reaction


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Write TRUE or FALSE

1. False

2. False

3. False

4. False

5. False

6. False

7. False

8. False

9. False

10. False

11. True

12. False

13. True

14. False

15. False

16. True.


1- A, 2-A, 3-B, 4-A, 5-A, 6-C

LISTERIA

Fill up the blanks

1. Listeria monocytogenes

2. umbrella

3. tumbling

4. listeriolysin

5. circling disease

6. 2 nd

7. rabbit and guinea pig

8. cold enrichment

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. False

2.

False3. True

4. True

5. False

6. True

7.

True8. True

9. False


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1- D, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

ERYSIPELOTHRIX

Fill up the blanks

1. Erysipelothrix ruchiopathiae

2. Diamond skin disease

3. bottle brush type

4. Mice and pigeons

Write TRUE or FALSE

True-1,4,5

False- 2,3


1- B, 2-A

CORYNEBACTERIUM

Fill up the blanks

1. Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium cystidis and

Corynebacterium

pilosum

2. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis or Corynebacterium ovis or Nocard

bacillus

3. Volution or Babes Earnst granules, polar bodies.

4. Alberts Neissers and Ponders stains

5. Rhodococcus equi6. Rhodococcus equi

7. Corynebacterium bovis

8. Phospholipase C and Chlesterol oxidase

9. 0.5 1% tween 80


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Write TRUE or FALSE

1. True

2. False

3. True

4. False

5. False

6. True

7. True


1- A, 2-C, 3-C, 4-D, 5-A

ACTINOMYCES

Fill up the blanks

1. Poll evil and fistulous withers

2. sulphur granules

3. Ray fungus Actinomyces

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. True

5. True

6. True

7. True

8. False

9. True


1- D, 2-A, 3-A, 4-A, 5-A

NOCARDIA

Fill up the blanks

1. True2. True

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. Nocardia steroides and Nocardia farcina- bovine farcy

2. Nocardia farcinica


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1- D, 2-A, 3-D

MYCOBACTERIA

Fill up the blanks

1. mycolic acid

2. photochromogenes and scotochromogenes, slow growing and rapid

growing

3. Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

4. Mycobacterium phlei

5. Ehrlich 1882

6. Johne 1895

7. Mycobacterium avium

8. 14-20 hours

9. long serpentine cords

10. Lowenstein jenson and Stone brincks medium

11. malachite green dye (0.025g/100ml)

12. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

13. Eugonic

14. yellow and orange Malachite green

15. 8-10 days

16. peptidoglycon, arabinogalactan and mycolic acid

17. milliary tuberculosis

18. Zeil Neelson stain

19. aspirates from cavities, lymphnodes, tracheoalveolar lavages20. 5% oxalic acid, 4% NaOH.

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. True-1,4,6,7,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,

2. False-2,3,5,8,9,10,19.


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1-C, 2-A, 3-A, 4-A, 5-B, 6-C, 7-D, 8-A, 9-A, 10-D

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Fill up the blanks

1. faecal pollution

2. Escherichia coli

3. Escherichia coli

4. Pink-bright

5. Eosin methylene blue-EMB

6. O,H & K- somatic, flagellar and fimbrial

7. fimbrial adhesions K88 & K 99

8. Aerobactin and enterobactin

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. False

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. False

6. False

7. True

8. False

9. True

10. True

11. True


1-A, 2-D, 3-A, 4-A, 5-D, 6-A, 7-A

SAL

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