V.M. Slipher: Master of the SpectrographThe spectrograph, 2 as employed in these observations,...
Transcript of V.M. Slipher: Master of the SpectrographThe spectrograph, 2 as employed in these observations,...
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V.M. Slipher: Master of the Spectrograph
Robert Smith (University of Alberta)
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Aims
• Recover the contexts for V.M. Slipher’s studies of the radial velocities of spiral nebulae, that is, to put the `strangeness’ back in
• Slipher’s pursuit of credibility
• Address the question, Why successful in 1912?
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Lowell as Spencerian
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Keeler and Crossley Telescope
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Campbell and Mills Spectrograph
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Chart of Venus by Lowell, 1896
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Mars Water Vapour Controversy 1909
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Campbell sceptical
• “Your high velocity for the Andromeda Nebula is surprising in the extreme. I suppose, as the dispersion of your instrument must have been very low, the error of your radial velocity measurements must have been pretty large. I hope you have more than one result for velocity, and no doubt you have.”
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AAS 1914
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Hertzsprung sends congratulations
• The radial velocities show “with great certainty” that the spirals do not belong to the Milky Way
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Campbell
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Kapteyn 1910
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Eddington, The Mathematical Theory of Relativity, 1923
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But Slipher is out of the hunt for the radial velocities of spirals by about
1923
• A new direction: correlating radial velocities with properties of spiral nebulae, but Slipher was left behind
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Slipher on Doppler Shifts
• Initial doubts that the spectral shifts are Doppler shifts but he can not conceive of an alternative
• Contrast with Hubble
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Conclusions
•