Visual Principles

VISUAL PRINCIPLES

EDU 573

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN EDUCATION

Roles of Visual in Instruction

1) Provide a concrete referent for ideas

- iconic i.e. more easily to be remembered as compared to words

This visual image of an apple is the referent of the word ‘apple’


2) Motivate learners

- by attracting learners’ attention and generating emotional responses


3) Simplify information that is difficult to understand

SERIES OF DESIGN DECISION

Visual Design Element Visual Design Pattern Visual Design Arrangement

Visual Element Verbal Element

Realistic

Analogic

Organization

Letter style

Colour

Capitals

Number of style

Size

Spacing

Alignment

Style

Balance

Shape

Colour scheme

Colour appeal

Add Appeals

Surprise

Texture

Interaction

Proximity

Directionals

Figure-ground contrast

Consistency


4) Provide redundant channel

- comprehend spoken and written information

Visual Literacy

• The ability to interpret visual messages accurately and to create such messages

• Two routes to visual literacy:

1) Input Strategies

2) Output Strategies

Visual Literacy

1) Input strategies

- help learners to decode (read) visuals proficiently

2) Output strategies

- Help learners to encode (write) visuals to express themselves and communicate with others

Visual Literacy: Input Strategies

1) Developmental effect

- how learners decode visual / information depends on the age of development


2) Cultural effect

Usually thumbs up gesture means positive or okay

But, for Balinese the thumbs-up is part of a ritual way of showingrespect to someone of a higher caste


3) Visual preferences

- teacher should select between the preferred visual and effective visual

- learner is not necessarily learn best from the visual they preferred

Visual Literacy: Output Strategies

1) Learners create their own visual presentation

- using camera / camcorder etc.

- sequencing – ability to arrange idea in logical order

Process of Visual Design

1) Elements – selecting the verbal/visual elements to be incorporated into display

2) Pattern – choosing an underlying pattern for the elements of the display

3) Arrangement – arranging the individual element within the underlying pattern

PROCESS OF VISUAL DESIGN

Visual Design Element Visual Design Pattern Visual Design Arrangement

Visual Element Verbal Element

Realistic

Analogic

Organization

Letter style

Colour

Capitals

Number of style

Size

Spacing

Alignment

Style

Balance

Shape

Colour scheme

Colour appeal

Add Appeals

Surprise

Texture

Interaction

Proximity

Directionals

Figure-ground contrast

Consistency

Process of Visual Design : Elements

1) Visual elements

i) Realistic

ii) Analogic

iii) Organizational

Elements : Visual Elements

1) Realistic• Show the actual object under study

ABSTRACT REALISTIC


1) Realistic visuals

• The more realistic a visual is, the closer it is to the original


2) Analogic visuals

• Convey topic by showing something else and implying a similarity

• E.g. the function of human memory with the function of computer memory


3) Organizational visuals

• Such as flowcharts, graphs, maps, classification charts

Elements : Verbal Elements

1) Letter style

• It should be consistent and harmonize with the other visual elements

• Straightforward and plain style


2) Number of lettering styles

• Not more than 2 different type styles

• Limit variations (bold, italic, underline, size changes) to four


3) Capitals

• Use lowercase letters

• Adding capitals when it is necessary

• Headlines can be in capitals but not more than 3 words


4) Colour of lettering

• The lettering colour should contrast with the background colour

• Think about your audience..


5) Size of lettering

• Rule of thumb: make lower case letters ½ inch high for each 10 feet of viewer distance


6) Spacing between letters• Consider ‘optical spacing’• Estimating approximately equal amounts

of with space between letters

L A B W O R K


7) Spacing between lines

• Letters should be not too cramped or too widely separate

• Text is most legible when separation is 11/2 times average letter height

Elements : Elements that add appeals

1) Surprise

• Think unusual metaphor, a dramatic change of size

2) Texture• Use 3 dimensional visuals (if possible)• It can convey clearer idea

Elements : Elements that add appeals

3) Interaction

• R of the ASSURE MODEL

• Ask learners to respond visual displays by manipulating materials on the display

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

1) Alignment

2) Shape

3) Balance

4) Style

5) Colour scheme

6) Colour appeal


1) Alignment

• Balance alignment

• Same imaginary horizontal and vertical line

• Viewer expend little effort making sense out of what they are seeing


2) Shape

• Put and arrange visual into shape that familiar to learner

• Simple geometric figure – circle, rectangle

• Consider of the ‘Rule Of Thirds’

Rule of Thirds

• Place your important elements where these lines intersect • Good places to put things; third of the way up, third of the way in from the left • Duff places to put things; right in the middle, right at the top, right at the bottom, away in the corner


3) Balance

• The ‘weight’ of the elements in a display is equally distributed either horizontally or vertically


4) Style

• Simple, uncluttered

• Primary colour for children

• Realistic colour for adult


5) Colour scheme

• Consider the harmoniousness of the colour – color wheel

6) Colour appeal

• Consider ‘warm’ and ‘cool’ colour

• Warm colour – active learner, children

• Cool colour – thoughtful learner, adult

• Consider cultural basis

Complimentary colours: any two coloursthat lie directly opposite each other

Analogous colours: colours that lie next to each other

Complimentary and Analogous colours may form pleasing combinations when used together in a display

The Colour Wheel

• Use cool colour for background• Highlight important cues in warm colour such as red and orange

Process of Visual Design : Arrangement

1) Proximity

• Element that close to each other are related and vice versa

2) Directionals• Can be used to direct attention• Eye movement pattern• E.g. arrow, bold, ‘bullet’

Process of Visual Design : Arrangement

3) Figure-ground contrast

• Wording should contrast to the background

4) Consistency• Consistent in the arrangement of the

elements• Place similar element in similar location• Use same text for headlines

Visual Principles

Technology

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