Vinod Tare -IIT Kanpur

Technologies with Minimal Environmental Technologies with Minimal Environmental Footprint: Footprint:

Search Search forfor Scientific Solutions with Traditional Scientific Solutions with Traditional WisdomWisdom

Vinod TareVinod Tare-IIT Kanpur

Reach SymposiumReach Symposium

Theme: Environment, Health and Theme: Environment, Health and

LifeLife

October 10-12, 2010October 10-12, 2010

Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator

December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod

TareIIT Kanpur

Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010

Eutrophication Eutrophication Causative AgentsCausative Agents SolutionsSolutions Realization – P Realization – P

BanBan

Condition of Rivers and Condition of Rivers and Lakes Lakes



TareIIT Kanpur


Ozone HoleOzone Hole

Sources that harm ozone layer

Causative AgentsCausative Agents SolutionsSolutions Realization – Ban Realization – Ban

CFCsCFCs



TareIIT Kanpur


Encourages Water ConsumptionDoes Not Reduce Nutrient Pollution Requires Expensive Piped Infrastructure and Treatment Facilities

Pollutes the Earth and/or Bodies of Water with the Concept “Solution to Pollution is Dilution”

…Is Unsustainable

As organic fertilizer

Composting (2%)

Land-Filling (95%)

Directly used as soil-conditioner

POLLUTION

(3%)

Sludge

Surface Water

Ground

Water

Water Supply

Agriculture

Food

Chemical Fertilizer

Present Sanitation Present Sanitation ModelModel

Wastewater(Blackwater +

Graywater)

Wastewater

Treatment Plant

Untreated Wastewater

POLLUTION

Partially Treated Effluent

Thirteen actions must be prohibited on arrival at the sacred water of the Ganga, namely: Defecation, ablutions, ……..• This doctrine has been misunderstood/inappropriately

followed!

Brought the concept of BOD/COD limits 30 mg/l/250 mg/l.

Legalized defecation in water bodies

“The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn,

and relearn.”-Alvin Toffler “Rethinking the Future”

A Paradigm Shift in Human Excreta Management Practices: Blend of Advanced Technologies with Traditional Wisdom


December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur

Briefing on Green ToiletsKrishi Bhawan, New Delhi

Vinod TareIIT Kanpur


Use Rather than WasteUse Rather than Waste

Do business and not only Service Do business and not only Service

A Paradigm ShiftA Paradigm Shift

Pay rather than Charge Pay rather than Charge



TareIIT Kanpur


Yellow water Gray water

Black water

Solid-Liquid Separation

Alternative Mode - EcoSanAlternative Mode - EcoSan

AsOrganic Fertilizer

Reuse

Recycle

Recycle

Solid/Fecal Matter Liquid

Treatment

Treatment

Composting

Agriculture

Food

Ground

WaterWater Supply

Surface Water



TareIIT Kanpur


A Simple Device



TareIIT Kanpur


A Simple Device: Solid-Liquid Separator



TareIIT Kanpur


The System for the Houseboats



TareIIT Kanpur


Start: First Toilet at IITK Campus



TareIIT Kanpur


Community Zero Discharge Toilet @ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh@ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh



TareIIT Kanpur


The Back End

The Front End

Community Zero Discharge Toilet @ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh@ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh



TareIIT Kanpur


First Prototype Mounted on SR First Prototype Mounted on SR 0822408224



TareIIT Kanpur


Zero Discharge Environmental Zero Discharge Environmental Friendly Toilet Friendly Toilet Portable Version @ Shopping Centre, Portable Version @ Shopping Centre, IIT KanpurIIT Kanpur



TareIIT Kanpur


Slurry Tank

S – L – S

Overflow Collection Tank

Filtered Solution Tank

Vermicomposting

WExcess

WVC

WR

Recycle

Precomposting

WLoss

WS + WR

Evaporation & Concentration

Liquid/Powder Fertilizer

QEW

QEWQFO

Flush Water Tank

Fresh Water Tank

QU + QFM

QF

QAC

Pump Hand/Motor

QFR

Schematics Representation Schematics Representation of a Typical Community of a Typical Community Toilet SystemToilet System

Pump Hand/Motor

Solid Reactor

WS

Intermediate Slurry Tank



TareIIT Kanpur


Energy from waste (as electricity from biogas) is waste of energy

Use human feces for producing quality Organic Manure than Biogas

Get Urea, Ammonia, Potash and Phosphate from Urine than Fertilizer Industries

Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift



TareIIT Kanpur


At the Toilet siteAt the Toilet site

Transport of Fecal Slurry Transport of Fecal Slurry from the Toilet to the from the Toilet to the

Humanure PlantHumanure PlantBack End of the Community Toilet at Aligarh

Transfer of Fecal Slurry at the Toilet Site



TareIIT Kanpur


Excess Source Separated Flush Water• Enhanced Solar Evaporation Pond

• Microbial Treatment• Chemical Treatment

– Struvite (Ca, Mg) (K, NH4) (PO4)Co-precipitation of montgomeryite,

brucite, epsomite

Mixing and Pre-composting

Vermibins

Treatment Plant or Humanure Plant!Treatment Plant or Humanure Plant!



TareIIT Kanpur


9.8

0.4

0.2

9.2

Equivalent Reduction in CO2

Emissions (Carbon Credits)

MT

3292

285

172

2835

Energy Savings

MW

0.75

0.12

1.5

Plausible Recovery

MT

Total

K

P

N

Business! Quality Fertilizer Carbon Credits Cleaner Water Bodies Prevent Desertification of Dry Lands and

Even Arrest Climate Changes



TareIIT Kanpur


Old Cities/Towns – Sewage is a Source of Water, Organics and Nutrients

FOOD

TOWNSHIP

Agriculture

Nutrient

Influent Loading

Effluent Loading Sludge Nutrient Content

Proposed Conventional Proposed Conventional

Kg/d

N 3336.00 2099.60 2620.60 1236.40 715.40

P 750.60 517.50 615.70 233.10 134.90

Comparison of Nutrient Leakage

Reuse

Wastewater

PCMBR

UV

Vermicomposting

Organic Fertilizer

Shift: Disposal to Water Recycle Oxidation of Organics to Sludge Production Biogas to Quality Manure



TareIIT Kanpur


High Biomass Growth High F/M ratio Low MLSS Low Oxygen Requirement, Better nutrient capture;

Clarification ? Membrane Filtration High MLSS; Membrane

Performance at Low MLSS? Subsequent combined composting-vermicomposting of

excess biomass to produce good quality organic manure for agricultural use

Paradigm Shift in Wastewater Treatment

High-Growth Membrane BioreactorHigh-Growth Membrane Bioreactor



TareIIT Kanpur


Volume of reactor : 10 LVolume of hopper bottom : 2.5 LVolume of membrane housing: 7.5 L

Lab-scale high-growth MBR

1 aeration tank; 2 sludge zone; 3 sludge waste outlet; 4 flow controller; 5 membrane housing; 6 hollow fibre membrane; 7 suction pump; 8 compressor; and 9 air supply pipe



TareIIT Kanpur


Scale-up high-growth MBR

1 aeration tank (flow channel); 2 motor; 3 pulley; 4 belt; 5 gear box; 6 gear; 7 axle; 8 bearing; 9 rotor; 10 hollow fibre membrane; 11 PVC pipe; 12 vacuum gauge; 13 suction pump

Volume of aeration tank: 50 L

Section at A-A:

1

2 23

3

4

566

67 8 8

99

10 11

1213



TareIIT Kanpur


MLSS Window 1000 - 2500 mg/L High F/M ratio, for better nutrient capture and effluent quality comparable to conventional MBR operation.

The activated composting-cum-vermicomposting system potentially converts and recycles sewage sludge into nutrients-rich organic fertilizer

Low availability of heavy metals: Ni>Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu≈Co>Cd≈Zn≈Cr>As

Paradigm Shift in Wastewater Treatment

Thank You !

Vinod Tare -IIT Kanpur

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