India Habitat Centre New Delhi International Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities &...

India Habitat CentreNew Delhi

International Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & Challenges

Dr Vinod TareIIT Kanpur


India Habitat Centre, New DelhiDecember 12, 2014

Pollution in River Ganga: Issues and Challenges

Realizing Vision of Mission Nirmal Dhara

or Mission Un-Polluted Flow




Ganga River Basin Management Plan

Substantive Objective of Namami Gange & GRBMP

The restoration of ‘wholesomeness’ of all rivers of the Ganga River Basin

‘Wholesomeness’ in this context shall mean the ensuring of the sanctity of the river system as imbibed in the

following points

the above objective must be achieved notwithstanding any pressures, including those arising from population

growth, urbanization, industrial and agricultural activities in the Ganga River Basin

•“Aviral Dhara” (meaning “Continuous Flow”)•“Nirmal Dhara” (meaning “Unpolluted Flow”):• Geologic Entity• Ecological Entity

Industrializ

ation

Urbanization

Agriculture & Rural Activities

Deforestation/

Denudation

Pollution

Overload

Wate

r Under-

Replenishment

Water Overuse

River

Mutilation

Geo

logi

c D

isru

ptio

n

River Basin or

Watershed

Lif

esty

le C

han

ges

Issues and Concerns of the NRGB Environment

Five Major Types of Degradation Factors

Major Human Activities Affecting the Aquatic Environment of NRGB




What are we targeting? Environmental Flows to be maintained in all rivers and tributaries of

Ganga River System to fulfill their geological, ecological, socio-economic and cultural functions.

Water quality in all rivers and tributaries of Ganga River System to be consistent with their governing geological, ecological, socio-economic and cultural functions.

Water and other aquatic resources of the Ganga River System to be used judiciously to enable sustainable development in the entire NRGB.

All existing, ongoing and planned anthropogenic activities in NRGB to be reviewed or scrutinized in a transparent and inclusive manner (with broad consensus of all affected people and stakeholders) for the overall health of NRGB.

VIS

ION

Aviral Dhara

Nirmal Dhara

Ecological Restoration

Geological Safeguardin

g

Basin Protection

Against Disasters

Sustainable Agriculture

MIS

SIO

NS

Geologic

Entity

Nirmal

Dhara

Aviral

Dhara

Ecological Entity

Vision and Implementation

River Hazards Management

Environmental Knowledge-Building and Sensitization




Sustained Growth Zero Defect and Zero Effect

Goals




Paradigm Shift

Sewage and Industrial Effluents are important sources of water to be thrown into the nallah’s and rivers

Long distance conveyance and pumping costs are high and should move towards Decentralized Approach

High Level of Treatment or Reuse/Recycle or ZLD

Valuation of Water and Water Pricing

Wastes

Point

Non Point

Solid(non-point)

Liquid

Domestic Agriculture(non-point)

Industrial

Cities Villages

Small Drains

Open Defecation

Old

New

Sewage Collection

Treatment

Tanneries

Pulp & Paper

Sugar & Distillery

Textile




Water Quality Issues

Much less dry weather (October through June) flows

Sewage and Industrial wastes much higher than the dry weather flows in almost all tributaries

Almost all municipalities and industries violate existing Effluent Discharge Norms (particularly of TDS)

Higher degree of treatment required for both sewage and industrial wastes

Over allocation of water and how to save water for ecological needs of rivers




Sewage and Industrial Effluents: Estimates

Sewage: 12,000 MLD Industrial Effluents: 3000 MLD Investment on STPs : INR 120 Billion (US$ 20b) Investment on ETPs: INR 300 Billion (US$ 50 b)

Industrial

Tanneries

Pulp & Paper

Sugar & Distillery

Textile




Major Industrial Effluents

Mixture of Salt (0.5 - 5 %), Sugar (0.1 - 5 %) and Water (≈90 to 99+ %) with some toxic organics and inorganics

Efforts and Costs in separation Share of Capital Investment in Tariff is much less but Capital

Investments are high and need to be supported

CETPs to Cluster of ETPs Water Producing Industries SPVs Professional Service Providers Business Partnership with Government Care




Sewage and Industrial Effluents: Strategy and Consequences

Reuse and Recycle and move toward ZLD Internalize Environmental Costs Value and Pricing of water to be much higher than

cost of recycling industrial effluents Marginal reduction in profits, partially pass on cost

to the consumers (polluter pays principle) Soft loans for ETPs and CETPs Enable sustained industrial growth




Water is an Important Resource/ Raw Material

Environmental Good Governance and Not Anti-pollution Drive through Policing

Realization




Implementation Challenge

State

Government

Local Government

CSO

&

Act

ivis

tsCentral

GovernmentExecu

ting

Agen

cies

Consultants, Contractors &

Vendors

Media

River Conservation & Development: Conflicting or Synergistic

De-aligned Interests

Coordination!

Politicians, Bureaucrats & Technocrats

Confused Aam

Admi!

Actors and their Interests




Thank You !

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