INTERNATIONAL STINGLESS BEES CONFERENCE AND … · Thailand, Singapore, Cambodia, ... International...
Transcript of INTERNATIONAL STINGLESS BEES CONFERENCE AND … · Thailand, Singapore, Cambodia, ... International...
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INTERNATIONAL STINGLESS BEES CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP18th – 20th July 2017
Empress Angkor
Resort & Spa, Siem
Reap, Cambodia
Permai Hotel, Kuala Terengganu
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Meliponiculture as a viable income generating
activity for local communities.
Shamsul Bahri Abd Razak,,
Mohd Nizam Lani
Nora Aini Ali and Ammar Abdul Aziz
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Scope of discussion :-
1) Indo Malayan Stingless bee
2) Meliponiculture in Malaysia – current status
3) Empowering Women through Meliponiculture
5) What to do next
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Apiculture (beekeeping) in rubber smallholding started in the 80’s.
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1. Meliponiculture is still a new venture in Malaysia.
2. The interest to commercially domesticate stingless bees in Malaysiastarted around 2012.
3. There are many knowledge gaps
4. Support by Malaysia government is very encouraging.
5. Meliponiculture is still in its infant stage, but has already gainingimmense interest.
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The Objectives of this presentation:
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To briefly present the current state of knowledgebased on recent pilot projects.
To propose several steps and initiatives to booststingless bee industry in Malaysia
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1. A primarily Tropical group of more than 500 species in the world,2. Brazil has the most numbers of Stingless bee3. In Malaysia - 78 species Indo-Malayan Stingless Bees (Rassmusen
Catalogue)4. Indo-Malayan stingless bee could also be found in Indonesia,
Thailand, Singapore, Cambodia, Philipines, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar,India and Taiwan.
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Stingless Bee @ kelulut
Interesting facts !
The parts of the sting (the modified
ovipositor) in stingless bee are reduced,
modified and not functional.
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• Stingless bees ( Lebah tidak bersengat)
• Galo-galo (Riau-Minang)
• Lanceng (Jawa)
• Teuwel (Sunda)
• Emmu (Sulawesi)
• Beruang (Sabah)
Kelulut
• Tribe : Meliponini
• SubFamili : Meliponinae
• Famili : Apidae
• Order: : HymenopteraClassification
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Indo-Malaya (Rasmussen, 2008) - 13 Genera
• 1. Geniotrigona Moure 1961 : 3 spesies
• 2. Heterotrigona Schwarz 1939 : 3 spesies
• 3. Homotrigona Moure 1961 : 4 spesies
• 4. Lepidotrigona Schwarz 1939 : 12 spesies
• 5. Lisotrigona Moure 1961 : 4 spesies
• 6. Lophotrigona Moure 1961 : 1 spesies
• 7. Odontotrigona Moure 1961 : 1 spesies
• 8. Pariotrigona Moure 1961 : 2 spesies
• 9. Platytrigona Moure 1961 a : 6 spesies
• 10. Sundatrigona Inoue & Sakagami 1993 : 2 sp.
• 11. Tetragonilla Moure 1961 : 4 spesies
• 12. Tetragonula : 30 spesies
• 13. Tetrigona Moure 1961 : 5 spesies
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Heterotrigona erythrogastra
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Lepidotrigona ventralis Lepidotrigona nitidiventris
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Tetrigona peninsularis Tetragonula melina
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The most common stingless bee domesticated :
Heterotrigona itama Geniotrigona thoracica
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Sundatrigona moorei resides in ant nest
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Photo source : Ryan Petrich, Indonesia
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Why stingless bees?
1)They don’t sting
2)Easy to manage
3)Honey and other products - higher in medicinal
values/properties
4)Command higher price (than Apis honey)
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Pre-pupal,
Pupation,
Emergence
Adult
Egg laying
Larval stage,
Mating
The life cycle :
• Heterotrigona itama – 40 days
• Affected by the environment and diet.
Total Cycle
Time ~ 40d
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HONEY
3
4 2
1
BEE BREAD
PROPOLISDOWNSTREAM
PRODUCTS
Meliponiculture products
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Native Bee WAX
POLEN
PROPOLIS
HONEY
SWARMS
POLLINATION
FARM TOURISM
ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
INDIRECT PRODUCTS
DIRECT PRODUCTS
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• Cosmeceutical products provide a better income
and revenue to the smallholders.
• Unaffected by seasonal and nectar flow.
• The products command higher price.
• Continuous stream of income
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Cosmoceutical products provide more revenue :
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•
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Note !Experiments were carried out in tapped and untapped
rubber smallholders.
Pilot projects : Meliponiculture in rubber smallholders
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• Latex (resinous materials) is the
basic component in making
propolis (cerumen, batumen)
that constitute the internal
structure of the nest.
• Propolis from different sources,
geographical location, seasons
give different chemical
properties/profile.
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Stingless bees collecting latex
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Rubber smallholders involved actively in the meliponiculture/rubber scheme
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• A very interesting finding :
Flavonoid content (antioxidant) in
propolis of two stingless bee
species i.e Heterotrigona itama
and Geniotrigona thoracica is 200
and 80 time higher as compared
to the other 20 species of stingless
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Flavonoid content (proximate analysis)
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Note !
Average stingless bee honey retail price RM250-300/kg (57 – 70 USD/kg)
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Month Yield (Kg) Value (RM)
January 3.5 700.00
February 3.75 750.00
March 6.2 1,240.00
April 10.0 2,000.00
May 28.0 5,600.00
June 12.6 2,520.00
July 11.0 2,200.00
August 10.0 2,000.00
September 10.0 2,000.00
October 5.2 1,040.00
November 4.5 900.00
December 4.0 800.00
Average stingless bee honey yield in Kg. Jabi, Terengganu (9kg/m/y – RM1812.40/417.00 usd)
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The income is solely from stingless bee honey sold.
• Income = RM 21,750.00/year
(5000 usd/year)
• (RM 1812.50/month/ 417 usd/m)
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Facts !
Colors of honey are determined by the source of nectars and ash content (the minerals).
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Empowering the single mothers in Jabi, Terengganu.
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A designer honey
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Black soldier fly larvae in stingless bee hive
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Symptoms of Haptoncus luteolus attack on stingless bee clony
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1. Financial viability
2. A comprehensive bee botany and phenology
study (meliponiscape)
3. Palynology (study of pollen) and
Melissopalynology (the study of pollen in honey)
4. Characteristics of stingless bee products
5. Value chain analysis
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Recommended key research areas
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• Meliponiculture in Malaysia has many potentials
• Several issues relating to legislation and regulation, standard,
enviromental, Good Agriculture (kelulut) practices should be
addressed and put into practice soon
• Other products from meliponiculture such as propolis/bee bread have
good potential to be further exploited
•
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Conclusions :
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Good to Great.UMT-BiotechCorp Center of Excellece for Apiculture and MeliponicultureU n i v e r s i t i M a l a y s i a T e r e n g g a n u
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Kelulut CSI –UMT team (NGO groups)
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Acknowledgements:
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
The International Rubber Research and Development Board
International Institute for Plantation Management
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Thank you very much