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Transcript of Vince Galotti
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8/3/2019 Vince Galotti
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Aviation Safety, Security &Aviation Safety, Security &the Environment: The Waythe Environment: The Way
ForwardForward
Vince GalottiVince GalottiChief/Air Traffic ManagementChief/Air Traffic Management
ICAOICAO
Safety and EfficiencySafety and EfficiencyAn ICAO PerspectiveAn ICAO Perspective
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Presentation Outline
Two issuesEvolution of ICAOs efforts toward a
more seamless and global ATM
system
Safety Management
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CONTINUED EVOLUTION TOWARD
A MORE GLOBAL AND SEAMLESS ATM SYSTEM
Global ATM Operational Concept
Provides the ICAO vision of seamless, global ATM system
Endorsed by 11th ANCONF
SESAR and NexGen are adapting the concept
Performance Based Transition
Global Air Navigation Plan
23 Global Plan Initiatives
Stems from industry roadmap Assists in establishment of performance objectives
Assists in implementation of ATM operationalimprovements
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Safety Management
How do we ensure safety in the morecomplex, synchronized global system
that we strive toward
How do we ensure safety in the morecomplex, synchronized global system
that we strive toward
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The evolution of safety thinking
TECHNICAL FACTORSTECHNICAL FACTORS
HUMAN FACTORSHUMAN FACTORS
ORGANIZATIONALORGANIZATIONAL
FACTORSFACTORS
TODAY
TODAY
1950s1950s 1970s1970s 1990s1990s 2000s2000s
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Concept of safety
The elimination of accidents (and serious incidents) isThe elimination of accidents (and serious incidents) isunachievable.unachievable.
Failures will occur, in spite of the most accomplishedFailures will occur, in spite of the most accomplished
prevention efforts.prevention efforts.
No human endeavour or humanNo human endeavour or human--made system can bemade system can be
free from risk and error.free from risk and error.
Controlled risk and error is acceptable in an inherentlyControlled risk and error is acceptable in an inherently
safe system.safe system.
The elimination of accidents (and serious incidents) isThe elimination of accidents (and serious incidents) isunachievable.unachievable.
Failures will occur, in spite of the most accomplishedFailures will occur, in spite of the most accomplished
prevention efforts.prevention efforts.
No human endeavour or humanNo human endeavour or human--made system can bemade system can be
free from risk and error.free from risk and error.
Controlled risk and error is acceptable in an inherentlyControlled risk and error is acceptable in an inherently
safe system.safe system.
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Concept of safety (Doc 9859)
SafetySafety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons
or property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or
below, an acceptable levelacceptable level through a continuing
process ofhazard identificationhazard identification and riskrisk
management.management.
SafetySafety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons
or property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or
below, an acceptable levelacceptable level through a continuing
process ofhazard identificationhazard identification and riskrisk
management.management.
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The management dilemma
ProductionProtectionProtection
ResourcesResources
Management levels
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The big picture
Operation of aircraftOperation of aircraft Maintenance of aircraftMaintenance of aircraft Air traffic servicesAir traffic services AerodromesAerodromes
Two audience groupsTwo audience groupsStatesStatesService providersService providers
Three distinct requirementsThree distinct requirements
Safety programmeSafety programmeSMSSMS Management accountabilityManagement accountability
Operation of aircraftOperation of aircraft Maintenance of aircraftMaintenance of aircraft Air traffic servicesAir traffic services AerodromesAerodromes
Two audience groupsTwo audience groupsStatesStatesService providersService providers
Three distinct requirementsThree distinct requirements
Safety programmeSafety programmeSMSSMS Management accountabilityManagement accountability
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As of 23 November 2006
States shall establish aStates shall establish a safety programmesafety programme, in order to, in order toachieve anachieve an acceptable level of safetyacceptable level of safety in:in:
The operation of aircraftThe operation of aircraft
The maintenance of aircraftThe maintenance of aircraft The provision of air traffic servicesThe provision of air traffic services
Aerodrome operationsAerodrome operations
The acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall beThe acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall beestablished by the State(s) concernedestablished by the State(s) concerned
States shall establish aStates shall establish a safety programmesafety programme, in order to, in order toachieve anachieve an acceptable level of safetyacceptable level of safety in:in:
The operation of aircraftThe operation of aircraft
The maintenance of aircraftThe maintenance of aircraft The provision of air traffic servicesThe provision of air traffic services
Aerodrome operationsAerodrome operations
The acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall beThe acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall beestablished by the State(s) concernedestablished by the State(s) concerned
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What is a safety programme?
An integrated set of regulations and activities aimed atAn integrated set of regulations and activities aimed atimproving safety.improving safety.
States are responsible for establishing a safetyStates are responsible for establishing a safety
programme:programme:
Safety regulationSafety regulation Safety oversightSafety oversight
Accident/incident investigationAccident/incident investigation
Mandatory/voluntary reporting systemsMandatory/voluntary reporting systems
Safety data analysis and exchangeSafety data analysis and exchange Safety assuranceSafety assurance
Safety promotionSafety promotion
An integrated set of regulations and activities aimed atAn integrated set of regulations and activities aimed atimproving safety.improving safety.
States are responsible for establishing a safetyStates are responsible for establishing a safety
programme:programme:
Safety regulationSafety regulation Safety oversightSafety oversight
Accident/incident investigationAccident/incident investigation
Mandatory/voluntary reporting systemsMandatory/voluntary reporting systems
Safety data analysis and exchangeSafety data analysis and exchange Safety assuranceSafety assurance
Safety promotionSafety promotion
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As of 23 November 2006
States shall require, as part of their safety programme, thatStates shall require, as part of their safety programme, thatanan [operator, maintenance organization, ATS provider,[operator, maintenance organization, ATS provider,certified aerodrome operator]certified aerodrome operator]implements aimplements a safetymanagement system accepted by the State that, as aaccepted by the State that, as a
minimum:minimum: Identifies safety hazardsIdentifies safety hazards
Ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain anEnsures that remedial action necessary to maintain anacceptable level of safety is implementedacceptable level of safety is implemented
Provides for continuous monitoring and regularProvides for continuous monitoring and regularassessment of the safety level achievedassessment of the safety level achieved
Aims to make continuous improvement to the overallAims to make continuous improvement to the overalllevel of safetylevel of safety
States shall require, as part of their safety programme, thatStates shall require, as part of their safety programme, thatanan [operator, maintenance organization, ATS provider,[operator, maintenance organization, ATS provider,certified aerodrome operator]certified aerodrome operator]implements aimplements a safetymanagement system accepted by the State that, as aaccepted by the State that, as a
minimum:minimum: Identifies safety hazardsIdentifies safety hazards
Ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain anEnsures that remedial action necessary to maintain anacceptable level of safety is implementedacceptable level of safety is implemented
Provides for continuous monitoring and regularProvides for continuous monitoring and regularassessment of the safety level achievedassessment of the safety level achieved
Aims to make continuous improvement to the overallAims to make continuous improvement to the overalllevel of safetylevel of safety
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What is an SMS?
A systematic approach toA systematic approach tomanaging safety, includingmanaging safety, including
the necessary organizationalthe necessary organizational
structures, accountabilities,structures, accountabilities,
policies and procedures.policies and procedures.
Providers are responsible forProviders are responsible for
establishing an SMS.establishing an SMS.
States are responsible of the
States are responsible of theacceptance and oversight foracceptance and oversight for
providers SMS.providers SMS.
A systematic approach toA systematic approach tomanaging safety, includingmanaging safety, including
the necessary organizationalthe necessary organizational
structures, accountabilities,structures, accountabilities,
policies and procedures.policies and procedures.
Providers are responsible forProviders are responsible for
establishing an SMS.establishing an SMS.
States are responsible of the
States are responsible of theacceptance and oversight foracceptance and oversight for
providers SMS.providers SMS.
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As of 23 November 2006
An accepted safety management system shall clearlyAn accepted safety management system shall clearlydefinedefine lines of safety accountabilitylines of safety accountability throughout thethroughout the
[airline, maintenance, ATS provider, certified aerodrome[airline, maintenance, ATS provider, certified aerodrome
operator]operator]organization, includingorganization, including direct accountabilitydirect accountability
for safety on the part of senior management.for safety on the part of senior management.Note.Note. Guidance on safety management systems isGuidance on safety management systems is
contained in the ICAO Safety Management Manualcontained in the ICAO Safety Management Manual
(Doc 9859).(Doc 9859).
(Accountability(Accountability Obligation or willingness to account forObligation or willingness to account for
ones actions)ones actions)
An accepted safety management system shall clearlyAn accepted safety management system shall clearlydefinedefine lines of safety accountabilitylines of safety accountability throughout thethroughout the
[airline, maintenance, ATS provider, certified aerodrome[airline, maintenance, ATS provider, certified aerodrome
operator]operator]organization, includingorganization, including direct accountabilitydirect accountability
for safety on the part of senior management.for safety on the part of senior management.Note.Note. Guidance on safety management systems isGuidance on safety management systems is
contained in the ICAO Safety Management Manualcontained in the ICAO Safety Management Manual
(Doc 9859).(Doc 9859).
(Accountability(Accountability Obligation or willingness to account forObligation or willingness to account for
ones actions)ones actions)
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Safety programme SMS relationships
State
safety
programme
Organizationssafety
management
system (SMS)
Organizations
production
processes
Objective:Publicsafety
Objective:Manage andcontrolsafety risk
Acceptance
Oversight
Objective:
Achievecommercialgoals andcustomersatisfaction
Risk managementSafety assurance
Protection Production
Oversight
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The essential is invisible to the eyes
Number of occurrences
1 5 AccidentsAccidents
30 100 Serious incidentsSerious incidents
100 1000 IncidentsIncidents
1000 4000Latent conditionsLatent conditions
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Strategies Levels of intervention and tools
Baseline performanceBaseline performance
Practicaldrift
organization
Predictive Proactive Reactive
Highlyefficient Veryefficient Efficient
Safety managementlevelsSafety managementlevels
Reactive
Desirable managementDesirable managementlevellevel
Insufficient
ASRASR
SurveysSurveysAuditsAudits
ASRASR
MORMOR
AccidentAccidentandincidentandincident
reportsreports
HazardsHazards
FDAFDADirectDirect
observationobservationsystemssystems
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Risk mitigation at a glance
Does the mitigationaddress the hazard?
Does it address therisk(s)?
Is it appropriate?
Is it effective?
Assessment of thedefences within
the safety system
R RR R
Accepting themitigation of
the risk
H H H H
Hazard identification
andrisk management
Control andmitigationof the risk (s)
Is additional or
mitigation warranted?different
EACHHAZARD
Regulations
Training
Technology
Do the mitigationstrategies generateadditional risk(s)
EACH RISK
Feedback (Safety assurance)
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Safety culture
A construct
An outcome, not a process
The introduction of safety management concepts lays
the foundation upon which to build a safety culture
Safety culture cannot be mandated orSafety culture cannot be mandated or
designed, it evolves.designed, it evolves.
It is generated topIt is generated top--downdown
A construct
An outcome, not a process
The introduction of safety management concepts lays
the foundation upon which to build a safety culture
Safety culture cannot be mandated orSafety culture cannot be mandated or
designed, it evolves.designed, it evolves.
It is generated topIt is generated top--downdown
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Positive culture
Positiveculture
FlexibleculturePeople can adapt
organizational processeswhen facing high
temporary operations orcertain kinds of danger,
shifting from theconventional hierarchical
mode to a flatter mode.
Learningculture
People have the
willingness and the
competence to drawconclusions from safety
information systems and
the will to implement major
reforms.
InformedculturePeople are knowledgeable about the human, technical,organizational and environmental factors that determine the
safety of the system as a whole.
Reportingculture
People are preparedto report their errors
and experiences
JustculturePeople are encouraged (even rewarded) for providing
essential safety-related information. However, there is aclear line that differentiates between acceptable and
unacceptable behaviour.
Source: David Marx
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Summary
The global ATM system continues to grow rapidly The growth will continue (environment?)
ICAO works toward a safe and efficient growth
Global ATM operational concept Global Air Navigation plan
New approach to safety
Proactive, predictive
Performance based
SAFETY MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS
The global ATM system continues to grow rapidly The growth will continue (environment?)
ICAO works toward a safe and efficient growth
Global ATM operational concept Global Air Navigation plan
New approach to safety
Proactive, predictive
Performance based
SAFETY MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS