Traveller 4

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

In

Traveller 4 الترم الثاني–الثاني ثانوي

Module 1Reading

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ضابط محامي الجميع سمع وظائفشرطة

Doctor, police officer, lawyer, teacher... Everybody has heard of these jobs, but the سيق دائما واضح ناس

most interesting jobs are not always the most obvious. Here are a few people who أفضل العالم ممكن

think they have some of the best jobs in the world – and it is possible that you have never even considered them. فيهم تفكر لم

يستمتع يختبر زيتية لوح طفلBrad Taylor has enjoyed examining paintings since he was a child. He could tell the

بين قبل لذلكالفرق

difference between a Van Gogh and a Da Vinci before he was seven. It, therefore, مفاجأة كل يعرف ان قرر يصبح

did not come as a surprise to all those who know him when he decided to become صحة على يصادق

اللوحات a painting authenticator. يكسب عيشه باستخدام متعددة أساليب What, you may ask, is that? Well, Brad makes his living by using various techniques

بين حقيقية اللوحة مزيفةيميز

to distinguish between a real painting and a fake.

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analyst محلل forecast (n) الجوية النشرةforecaster الجوية النشرة محللhave an eye for يراقب head out identity هوية يحددlaboratory معمل magnifying glass مكبرة عدساتmake a living عيشه يكسبpainting authenticator موثق اللوحاتperform يؤدي post-secondary الثانوي بعدpreserved يحفظ prestigious هامة priceless بثمن يقدر الrequireيتطلب requirement متطلبات tell the difference الفوارق يحددthermometer الترمومتر unpredictable به التنبؤ يمكن ال

absolutely مطلقا access (v) الى يدخلadvisory استشارة Avalanche ثلجي انهيارbaggy واسع beneficial مفيد certify بـ يعترفconvict يدين Criminalمجرم degree علمية شهادةdistinguish بين يميزessential ضروري evidenceدليل exceptionally استثنائيا fake مزيف Fingerprint األصابع بصماتshovel مجرفة slide يتزلج take note مالحظات يدون

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خدمة للبشرية‘I think what I do is a service to mankind’ says Brad. ‘Paintings by Botticelli and

ال فقط ليس ألن استثنائيا جميل عمل فنيبثمن تقدر

Renoir are priceless not only because they are exceptionally beautiful works of art, الكثير فترة زمنية التاريخ

النbut because they tell us a lot about the period of time in history in which they were

بالكشف االصلي عن الحياة أسلوب افكارpainted. By examining the real thing we learn not only about the lifestyle, ideas

الناس مستخدمة ايضا عن مواد أساليب المعتقدات

and beliefs of those people but also about the materials and techniques in use at لذلك غني مصدر معلومات

that time.These paintings are therefore a rich source of information for us and itتصان تحمى

ضروريis essential that they be preserved and protected.

ممتاز شركة يختبر المتاحفBrad works for a prestigious company that examines paintings for museums. He

معطف واسعspends his day in a special fully-equipped laboratory dressed in a lab coat, baggy

رياضي حذاء معظم فقطرياضية بدلة

tracksuit and trainers. ‘I might spend most of my time alone with only an old شركة يغير شيء أي

painting to keep me company, but I wouldn’t change what I do for anything in the يقول بسمة وجهه على

العالمworld!’ he says with a big smile on his face.

بصمات محلل الشرطة مركز مسئولGus Wong is a fingerprint analyst at a police station. His job is responsible, and

مثير المحللين األصابع بصمات يحدد المجرميناكثر

maybe more exciting than Brad’s. Analysts use fingerprints to identify criminals. ينتقلون يغيرون الشعر لون حتى أسمائهم

مجرمين بعيدا‘Criminals can move away, change their hair colour, even their names,’ says Gus.

يغيرون يقارن البصمات وجدت جريمة‘But they can’t change their fingerprints.’4 He compares the prints found at a crime

المعلومات قاعدة حتى المجرم يغيرونمنظر

scene with those in the police database. That way, even if a criminal has changed his name, he can be identified. تحديده يتم

محللوا يدرس خاص كورس يتعلم مهارات مطلوبةالبصمات

Fingerprint analysts need to take a special course to learn the skills needed for 3

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الكلية خالل الشرطة مركزtheir job, which they may do at a college or through the police station. Many

منهم يتطلب بعد الثانوي شهادةالموظفون

employers also require them to have a post-secondary degree. ‘You need good مهارات بالتفصيل صبر حللت

computer skills, an eye for detail and a lot of patience,’ adds Gus. ‘I have analyzed فردية عملي مرهقة

thousands of individual fingerprints over my career. It is often exhausting, but I have مجرمين يدان بسبب دليل

seen many criminals convicted because of evidence that I found.’

مفيد العامة مختلفRichard Beamish also does a job that is beneficial to the public, but in a different

الجليدي لالنهيار جوية نشرة مذيع يعمل منتجعway. Richard is an avalanche forecaster and he works for a ski resort in the

نظرة يلقي الجبل طقس يفحصMonashee Mountains. It’s his job to take a look at mountain weather, check the

منتجعات خاصة تحذيرات يبلغsnow and write up forecasts, reports and special warnings in order to inform people.

الماضية شتاءFor the past three years, every winter, Richard has been heading out into the

قبل تشرق يحدثالجبال

mountains before the sun rises in the morning to see what has happened to the الجوية النشرة يتفحص الثلوج يجري اختبارات مالحظات

snow since his last forecast. He examines the snow, performs tests and takes noteالطقس يعطيه االحساس الرضا

تغيرات of any changes in the weather. That gives him a sense of satisfaction because he is

العالم أفضل مكان معدات يشملhelping make the world a better place. The equipment he uses to do this includes

مكبرة ترمومتر عدساتمجرفة مسطرة

shovels, rulers, magnifying glasses and thermometers.عينات من مختلفة مناطق يجهز

After getting samples of the snow from different areas, Richard prepares an مستشار يدخل يكتشف

avalanche advisory that people can access by Internet, phone or e-mail to find out آمن يسافر المنطقة

about how safe it is to travel in the area.الخارج يمانع ال الحقيقة يقضي

Richard loves the outdoors and doesn’t mind the fact that he spends 75% of his time علمية شهادة من بالرغم رسمي

يتزلج sliding around in the snow. He has a science degree although it is not a formal

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الثلجية االنهيارات نشرة به معترفمتطلبات

requirement for the job. All avalanche forecasters must be certified by the Canadian جمعية مطلقا ضروري

Avalanche Association, but Richard says, ‘The one thing that is absolutely necessary به التنبؤ يمكن ال شخصية تجربة

العالمin our world of unpredictable snow is personal experience.’

*************************************4. Guessing The Meaning Of Unknown WordsLook At The Following Words From The Text And Choose The Correct Meaning A, B Or C.1. essential ضروري a. unnecessary b. importantهام c. exciting

2. baggy (F) واسع a. tight b. small c. looseفضفاض 3. identify هوية يحددa. understand b. arrest c. say who somebody is هو من يحدد الشخص مدان4. convicted (line 36) مدان a. found guiltyمذنب b. set free c. arrested

5. access (line 52) على يحصلa. use b. find or get c. request

*************************************** Vocabulary

- ist - er - ianscientistعالم baby sitter جليسة

اطفالelectricianكهربائي

technologistتقني managerمدير politicianسياسيartistفنان designerمصمم mathematicianرياضيarcheologist آثار عالم engineerمهندسreceptionist موظفاستقبالbiologist احياء عالمgeologistجيولوجيC. Now use some of the words from the table above to complete the sentences.

1- When the Smiths want to go out in the evening, they find a(n) babysitter to take care of their children.2- Nasir is a dental technician .

3- The manager of the company decided to give all the staff an increase in their salary.

4- Andrew is a very talented artist and he has an exhibition at the Fisk Gallery this week.5

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5- The electrician charged me 50 euros to fix my cooker.******************************************

2. WORDS EASILY CONFUSEDUse the correct form of the words in the boxes to complete the sentences.

العمل – مكان عمل بشيء يفوزوظيفة

Job work win

يتقاعد يستقيليفوز

Earn retire resign 1-This is a job that requires a lot of patience.صبر

2- I was late for work this morning because of the traffic.

3- I only have a part-time job, so I don’t earn much.

4- Ahmed won a poetry competition last year.

5- Mr. Jacobs resigned as general manager of the company because of health reasons.

6- My grandfather taught French for 35 years and he retired last year at the age of 65.

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Grammar The Present Perfect Tense

already بالفعل I just توا you Yet اآلن We Have + V3 حتى since منذ They for لمدة Heever …? سبق هل She has + V3 never أبدا It 1- already have +V3 بين الوسط في أو الجملة نهاية تستخدم

2- just have + V3 بين الوسط في تستخدم

4-yet السؤال و المنفية الجملة نهاية تأتي5-ever الثالث التصريف قبل السؤال في تأتي

Never No بـ البادئة االجابة عند الثالث التصريف قبل تأتي

Useالوقت . يذكر لم و الماضي في حدث فعل

• for actions that happened in the past but the exact time is not mentioned

• for recently completed actions قصيرة فترة اومن االن حدوثه اكتمل و تم حدث

• for past actions whose results are obvious in the present زال ما أثر له ماضي فعلموجودا• for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present (emphasis on the action) االن حتى مستمرا زال ما و الماضي في بدا حدث

• with adjectives in the superlative form and expressions like the only/first/second... etc. الثالثة الدرجة صفات مع.- Choose the right word(s) :- 1- The boy …………………… his bike already . a-mends b-has mended c-mend d- is

2- He ……………………………. the homework already .a- has written b-writing c- write d-is writing

3- She hasn't finished it ……………………… . a-since 0b- for c-yet d-just

4-Ali has studied his lessons ……………………. . a-never b- already c- yet d- ever

5-Have you …………………… found a large sum of money?7

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a-never b- already c- yet d- ever

6-No, I have …………. Written my homework yet.a-never b- already c- yet d- ever

7- Hassan and Ali………………….. played a good game a-am b-has c-are d-have

8-She ………………… five stories since nine o'clock. a-has read b-have read c- is reading d- read

***************************************** The Present Perfect Continuous Tense المستمر التام المضارع

now

Past future I –You - We - They + جمع have + been + verb + ing He - She - It + مفرد اسم has + been + verb + ing Uses :for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present (emphasis on the duration of the action) بعد ما و لألن ومستمر الماضي في بدا أي .. االنحدث

الفعل استمرارية على التركيز

• for actions which happened over a period of time in the past and may have finished, but the results are obvious in the present انتهى يكون قد اثره و حدث لكن

مستمرا زال ما

• to show annoyance resulting from a recent action مستمر حدث من الضيق إلظهار*********************Since *********************

قبلها و الجملة نهاية في تأتي الزمان على دال جر كحرف since جاءت إذاوقت : الفعل حدوث اسم

Last They have been to Jeddah since last week . .He has slept since three o'clock الساعة .We have started work since Monday اليوم .I have been here since Ramadan الشهر .She has gone to London since 2002AD السنة

التي الزمان على دال جر كحرف جاءت إذا الزمنية المدة بعدها يأتي . الفعل حدوث استغرقها

a while I have seen my friend for a while.. للحظة a long time We have lived here for a long time. طويل لوقت five minutes The bus has stopped for five minutes. Three hours. He has slept for three hours. Four weeks I have stayed in London for four weeks. Five months They have worked in that house for five month. Six years I've taught E. for six years.

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Choose the right answer:1- We ……………………….. to solve the problem for two hours now .a-tried b-have triedc-have been trying d- are trying

2-The school……………… English courses for ten years and it still offering up till now . a-has been offering b-have been offeringc-offered d- is offering

3- Some students …………………. here for five years and they still doing that . a-have been learning b-has been learningc- learned d-are learning

4-They ………………… that house since last Ramadan .a-built b- have been buildingc- has been building d- building

5- I …………………….. the living room but I haven't finished yet. a-painting b- has been painting c-is painting d- have been painting

******************************************2. PRACTICE

A. Read the sentences and circle the correct answer.1- I haven’t finished / didn’t finish reading the book yet.

2- Haven’t you never / ever been to Paris?

3- John has slept / has been sleeping since two o’clock this afternoon; wake him up.

4- Did you visit / Have you visited your grandparents last weekend?

5- Emma hasn’t had a holiday since / for two years now, and she feels like she really needs one.

*************************************** Sheikh Sulaiman Abdul-Aziz Al-Rajhiis a famous Saudi Arabian bank owner and billionaire. He (1) (grow up) grew up in the Nejd Desert, where he (2) (start) started his business with his brother, Saleh. For many years, he (3) (be) has been the chairman of Al-Rajhi Bank, one of the largest companies in Saudi Arabia and the largest bank in the world. His wealth (4) (reach) has reached $7.7 billion, making him the 120th richest person in the world. Moreover, he (5) (donate) has donated a significant part of his fortune to charity and he (6) (also establish) has also established Sulaiman Al-Rajhi University, which focuses mainly on health and Islamic

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banking. In 2012, the King Faisal Foundation(7) (award) awarded him the King Faisal International Prize. Bill Gates (8) (work) has been working with computers from a very young age. When he was only 14, he (9) (have) had his own company and he (10) (make) made his first fortune of $20,000. Through his company Microsoft, Gates (11) has made (make) the personal computer a household item and he remains one of the richest men in the world.Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words including the word given. 1- The last time I went to the beach was three days ago. forI haven’t been to the beach for three days.

2- When did Lana start learning English? hasHow long has Lana been learning English?

3- Let’s not go to this restaurant; I went there last week. alreadyLet’s not go to this restaurant; I have already been there.

4- Saed moved to Madrid in 2006 and he still lives there. beenSaed has been living in Madrid since 2006.

5-I bought this car in November. hadI have had this car since November .

****************************************** Receptionist

Duties and responsibilities:• answering the phone and checking in guestsHours and wages: • Sunday-Thursday 9am-5pm weekends off• $70 a dayAdvantages: • indoors• access to all hotel facilities (spa, pool, gym, etc.)• understand how a hotel is run• improve foreign language skillsDisadvantages: • quite hectic/stressful• have to stand all day long .

The work of A receptionistA receptionist works in a hotel. He answers the phone and check in guests. He works

from Sunday to Thursday . He starts work at 9 o'clock in the morning and finishes at

5 o'clock in the afternoon. He earns$ 70 everyday. There are some advantages for

the work of a receptionist . He works indoors. He has an access to all hotel facilities

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such as spa, , pool, gym etc,… . He also understands how a hotel is run. He improves

foreign language skills.

There are some disadvantages for the work of a receptionist. He gets quite hectic

and stressful. He has to stand all day long.

******************************************

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Tour guideDutiesand responsibilities:• taking visitors around the city and showing them the sightsHours and wages: • Wednesday-Sunday7am-12pm and 5pm-8pmMonday and Tuesday off• $80 a dayAdvantages: • outdoors• meet people from different parts of the world• afternoons are free• improve foreign language skillsDisadvantages: • work at weekends• exposed to the elements• must do a lot of talking

Tour guide A Tour guide works with tourists. He takes visitors around the city and showing

them the sights. He works from Wednesday to Sunday . He works from 7 o'clock in

the morning until 12 o'clock in the afternoon. Then he works from 5 o'clock in the

afternoon until 8 o'clock in the evening. He has Monday and Tuesday off. He earns$

70 everyday. There are some advantages for the work of a tour guide. He works

outdoors. He meets people from different parts of the world.All afternoon long , he

is free. He improves foreign language skills. There are some disadvantages for the

work of a tour guide. He works at weekends.He is exposed to different elements.

He must do a lot of talking.

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Module 1 b Reading

للعلوم التكنولوجيا الدوليةKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) is an international,

معدل في تقع كلياgraduate level university located in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. It is an entirely new

مؤسسة افتتحت الى تهدفاكاديمية

academic institution that opened in September of 2009. The University aims to تطور االنجازات العلمي البحث أساليب

يعززpromote and develop new scientific research methods and achievements in Saudi

المنطقة شهادة العالم تقدم الماجستير المحلية

Arabia, the local region and the world. KAUST offers a Master’s degree, which شهر يكمل الدكتوراه شهادة تستغرق

يتطلبusually requires eighteen months to complete, and a PhD degree, which takes 3 or

يكمل يتطلب االصلي البحث4 years to complete and requires original research.

تختار من الدراسة تشمل الكهربية الهندسةStudents can choose from 11 fields of study, including electrical engineering,

علوم البيئية العلوم الميكانيكية الهندسةالبيولوجيا الكمبيوتر

bioscience, computer science, environmental science, and mechanical engineering. بحث مراكز يتفحص االجتماعية البشريةيشمل

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complex – معقد مركبconserve – يحفظ يحميEntirely كلي بشكلfocus on على يركزglobal عالمي human resources البشرية المصادرmajorityالغالبية preserve يحفظ promote يعزز region منطقة research / بحث يبحثShare حصة / / نصيب يشاركsolar energy panel الطاقة لوح الشمسيةspreadينتشر

bioscience الحيوية العلومcampus الجامعي الحرمelectrical engineering الهندسة الكهربيةfaculty كلية graduate يتخرج course منهج Master’s degree الماجستير درجةmechanical engineering الهندسة الميكانيكيةPhD degree الدكتوراه درجةResearch العلمي البحثResearcherباحث Undergraduate التخرج قبلachievementانجاز

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KAUST also includes 9 research centres which examine local social and human الى يهدف العالمي االقتصاد البحث مراكز يشمل

المصادر احتياجاتresource needs and aim to help the global economy. The research centres include

الشمسية الطاقة استخدام اعادة االحمر البحر علوممناطق البحث مثل

areas of study such as solar energy, water reusability, and Red Sea science and engineering.

يمتد بطول مربع ساحلThe KAUST campus is spread along 36 square kilometres of the Red Sea coast. The

يحمي البيئة يحفظ المصادر الشمسيةcampus aims to preserve the environment and conserve resources by using solar

تقدم كهربية سيارات خدمة دراجةالطاقة الواح

energy panels, offering electric vehicles and a campus bus service, and a bicycle المعامل البحث مراكز

sharing programme. Along with the classrooms, laboratories, and research centres, تشمل منازل شقق الكلية التدريس هيئة

the campus also includes houses and apartments for students, faculty and staff, رياضية تجهيزات يشمل الصخور تسلق جدار

الباحثينresearchers, and families. The athletic facilities include a rock climbing wall, three

مالعب السلة مالعب البولينجالسباحة حمامات

swimming pools, a golf course, tennis and basketball courts, and even a bowling alley complex!عدد KAUST currently has between 700 and 800 students. The student population is made

الجنسيات المناهج تدّرس من كالup of over 60 different nationalities. Courses are taught in English and open to both men and women from around the world.

***************************************** Exercise 1,2 الجامعة عن متكامل تعبير يكون لكي السؤال هذا يصلح The King Abdullah University of Science and Technology is a new, international, graduate-level academic institution which opened in September 2009. It is located in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, next to the Red Sea Coast. It aims to make the development of new scientific research methods and achievements its main area of interest and forthis reason it has 9 research centres. There are 11 fields of research from which students can choose, including electrical engineering, bioscience, computer science, environmental science, and mechanical science.

***************************************** 3. Reading For Specific InformationRead the text again and answer the questions 1-5.1. According to the text, what is true about the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology?

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a. It offers graduate courses only.

2. According to the text, what is the aim of the University?d. to develop new scientific research methods and achievements

3. What is not mentioned in the text as a field of study at KAUST?c. Earth science

4. How does the campus of the University help to preserve the environment?b. It offers a bicycle sharing programme. 5. According to the text, what is true about the student population?c. Students come from 60 different countries.

Module 1 b Vocabulary & Grammar

شهادة درجة منحةعلى يحصل

g et: a certificate/a mark/a grantخطأ مجهود تقدم

make: a mistake/an effort/progress desperateتجربة واجب منهج مشروع

do: an experiment/ homework/a course/a projectاختبار منهج اختبار درس شهادة منحة

حصصtake: a class/an exam/a course/a test/a lesson/a certificate/ a grant

study: a languageلغة *************************************

2. Words Easily Confusedteacher مدرسة في مدرس

professor الجامعة في يدرس جامعي أستاذ

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appropriate مناسب award جائزة confess يعترف desperateيائس earnings مكاسب firsthand مباشرة occupation وظيفة release يطلق Suitableمناسب values قيم

certificate دراسية شهادةdegree علمية درجةFine Arts الجميلة الفنونGrantمنحة instructor معلم lesson درس mark درجة Professor جامعي أستاذ Scholarship دراسية منحةSubject دراسية مادةappealing جذاب

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instructor رياضة او حرفة او لمهنة معلم

1- The teacher I liked best in school was Mr Al Harbi; he taught us Science.

2- My driving instructor says that I’m making progress, so I think I’ll be able to get my driving license soon.

3- Julia’s father is a(n) professor of Economics at the University of Michigan.

subject دراسية مادة

lesson كورس أو مادة من صغير جزء هو و حصة أو درس

Course ) منها ) فرع أو الدروس من عدد أي مادة من جزء

4. I have a Spanish lesson at four, but we can meet any time after five if you’re free then.

5. Maths is Dan’s favourite subject ,and he always gets good marks.

6. Saif is doing a Course in Business Management this year.

certificate دراسية مادة

degree كورس أو مادة من صغير جزء هو و درس

award منها فرع أو مادة من جزء7. My cousin has a(n) degree in Biology.

8. My brother has got a(n) certificate of proficiency in Italian.

9. Who do you think will win the award Player of the Year?****************************************

GrammarRelative Clause s الوصل ضمائر

Who – which – where - when - whose1-who عاقل مفعولهم أو فاعلهم جملتين بين تربط

people ناس - person شخص - man رجل - woman امرأة - girl فتاة -

friend صديق

1- This is my friend . He plays for Mahalla team .This is my friend who plays for Mahalla team .

2-The teacher does not have a car . He walks to school . The teacher who does not have a car , walks to school .

***************************************2- which عاقل غير مفعولهم أو فاعلهم جملتين بين تربط envelopeمظروف - meal وجبة - thing شيء - plant نبات - Animal حيوان

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1-This is the car .Ali bought the car . This is the car which Ali bought .

***************************************1-where عليه جملتين بين تربط يدل ما أو مكان اسم فيهم متكرر

country دولة - city مدينة town مدينة - village قرية Place مكان This is the big house. I live in that house This is the big house where I live .

I like Al-Jawhara stadium. Matches are played here. I like Al-Jawhara stadium where Matches are played .

***************************************1-when عليه جملتين بين تربط يدل ما أو زمان اسم فيهم متكرر

time وفت - year سنة month شهر day يوم - Nightليلة

Ramadan is the ninth month. We fast in Ramadan Ramadan is the ninth month when We fast in Ramadan. 1-wh ose او بين تربط انتماء او ملكية عالقة بينهما اسمين بهما جملتين

اسم ) ( بعدها و اسم قبلها استحواذ

My brother is an engineer. His car is very powerful .My brother whose car is very powerful ,is an engineer.

Ahmad behaves badly. Ahmad's father is a mechanic.Ahmad Whose father is a mechanic behaves badly..

ياخذ هنا و شيء أي كيان انه على المكان الى نشير which احياناMarei's building which is built in Khulais is a new building.

يأخذ هنا مكان انه على المكان الى نشير where احياناMarei's building where Shaaban lives is new Choose the correct answer:

1-We use who and that with ……………………… a- places b- time c- possession d- people

2-We use which and that with …………………… .a- places b- time c- possession d- things

3-We use whose to talk about ……………………a- places b- time c- possession d- things

4-We use where with …………………… .a- places b- time c- possession d- things

5-We use when with …………………… .

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a- places b- time c- possession d- things

6-- I come from a country …………………………..has a great history.a-where b-when c-who d-which

7-1 don't like people …………………………don't respect their culture.a-where b-when c-who d-which

8-An envelope is a thing ……………. holds letters. .a-where b-when c-who d-which

9- My friend …………….. shirt is red , plays for Ahli team. a-where b-when c-who d-whose.

10- This is my friend ………………… studies medicine abroad.a-where b-when c-who d-which

11- Mandi is a meal ……………………….. all people in S.A. like .a-where b-when c-who d-which

12-Makkah is the city ………………… people can do the Hajj.a-where b-when c-who d-which

13-Ramadan is the month ………………………….all Muslims fast . a-where b-when c-who d-which

11- Mona …………….. father is a doctor got married last year. a-where b-when c-who d-whose.

*************************************Types of Relative Clauses

و :- الوصل ضمائر من ضمير على تحتوي التي الجملة هي الوصل جملة

فعل . و فاعل يتبعهAhmad's father who works in Aramco is an engineer .All students who lives in England, speak English well.

*********************************Defining Relative Clause

هنا و عنه نتكلم الذي الشيء أو الشخص تحدد أو تعريف تعطي جملة هيوصل ضمير استخدام جملة who – which كبديل that يمكننا حذف يمكننا ال و

الوصل .Defining relative clauses give a definition or specify which person or thing we are talking about . I n these clauses we may use the relative pronouns who, which or that. People who drive badly cause accidents . يسببون سيء بشكل يقودون الذين الناس الحوادث People cause accidents. ( X ) الحوادث تسبب الناس

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There is no animal which has three legs . أرجل ثالث له حيوان يوجد ال There is no animal . ( X ) حيوان يوجد ال

All dates that fall to the ground are dirty . غير األرض على سقط الذي التمر كل نظيفAll dates are dirty . ( X ) نظيف غير التمر كل

****************************************Non-defining Relative Clause

جملة قبل بفواصل الجملة عن فصلها يمكن اضافية معلومات تعطي جملةالنها الجملة معنى على الوصل جملة حذف يؤثر ال و نهايتها في و الوصل

اضافية . معلوماتالوصل= ضمير استخدام يمكن ال that و

Non-defining relative clauses. gives additional information that is separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. In these clauses only the relative pronouns who or which may be used; and not that.

Ali’s brother who lives in Dammam visited last weekAli’s brother , who lives in Dammam, visited last weekAli’s brother visited last week.

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My friend Ali who travelled abroad became a doctor.My friend Ali , who travelled abroad , became a doctor.My friend Ali became a doctor.

*************************************** 2. practice

1- My colleague is from Wales. He plays tennis every weekend.= My colleague, who is from Wales, plays tennis every weekend.

2- This is Mr. Carter. His son won a college scholarship.= This is Mr Carter, whose son won a college scholarship.3- His book was published last year. It got on the bestseller list.= His book, which was published last year, got on the bestseller list.4- My cousin is moving to New York. He will study Fine Arts there.= My cousin is moving to New York, where he will study Fine Arts.5- This is the library. I borrowed the books from it.= This is the library from which I borrowed the books.6- I bought a new mobile phone. It cost me lots of money.= I bought a new mobile phone which/that cost me lots of money.7- The man was arrested. He turned out to be my neighbour.= The man who/that was arrested turned out to be my neighbour.

*******************************************B. Complete the text with who, which, whose, that, when or where.It was a holiday in Corfu which/that first gave me the idea to write this novel. The

story is about a family which/that moves to a small village on the island to start a

new life. They discover that the villagers, who at first seem open and welcoming, are

actually desperate to hide a terrible secret. While writing the book, I tried to include

descriptions of the island whose beauty fascinated me. I finished the book in just a

couple of months, which is quite fast, even for me. You see writing is something

which/that comes quite naturally to me now but it wasn't always like that. I mean, I

really used to find it hard at first and there was a time when I felt I had no talent at

all. I would have given up if it hadn't been for my father, who encouraged me to

keep writing. Now, besides writing, I also teach a Creative Writing course at a college

in Manchester, where I live with my family. I always tell my students that writing is a

career which/that requires patience, hard work as well as imagination.

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Listening &SpeakingStudying in a foreign country

Studying in a foreign country has many advantages. You become fluent in the language

spoken in the country. i make friends from all over the world and you get to know a

different culture. A lot of foreign universities offer prestigious degrees greatly valued in the

job market (better employment prospects once you graduate.).

Studying in a foreign country also has many disadvantages. I might get lonely away from

friends and family. Language problems could hinder overall performance.It could be costly

and not all families can afford it.

Vocabulary &GrammarBritish American British American

flatشقةbill فاتورةliftمصعدautumn الخريفrubbishقمامةtrousersبنطلونcookerبوتاجازQueue طابور

apartmentcheck elevatorfallgarbagepantsstoveline

mobileجوالjumpersسويترfootball القدم كرةlorryشاحنةshopمحلpavementرصيفchips بطاطس شرائحpetrolبنزين

cell phone.sweatersoccertruckstoresidewalkfries.gas

should/shouldn’tالمصدر= في الفعل بعدها يأتي

النصيحة اعطاء او لطلب تستخدمShould I ask Linda to help me with this?You should study your lessons.

الرأي إلعطاء تستخدمHe should be more careful when he drives.

االقتراح : عن للتعبيرYou should really go to that new restaurant. It’s fantastic!

الخفيف االجبار عن للتعبير تستخدمStudents should hand in their homework on time.

شيء فعل عدم على الندم عن :should + have + past participle للتعبير تستخدم

We should have come home earlier.You should have called me and let me know you weren’t coming.

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شيء فعل على الندم عن تستخدم :shouldn't + have + past participle للتعبيرI shouldn’t have shouted at Larry today.Danny shouldn’t have told you that. It was supposed to be a secret.

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had betterو . had better تستخدم التهديد و التحذير او المشددة النصيحة عن للتعبير

من أقوى should هيالماضي . ليس و المستقبل و الحاضر الى نشير

النفي عند . had better not صيغتهاYou had better buy the Japanese car.You had better not buy the Chinese one.You’d better ask a doctor about it.

Choose the right answer -: 1-I …………. better repair my car . I need it badly .a-would b-should c-had d-has

2- It is too late . You ………….better go to bed now .a-would b-should c-had d-has

3-I am thirsty . I had better …………some water .a-buy b- bought c-buying d-will buy

4-It is 6: 30 , you had better …………. Up now .a- wake b-wakes c-woke d-woken

5- When you travel to America , you …………… get some dollars .a- had better b- would better c-has better d-bitter

6-They ought ………………. hard to get enough money a-work b- to work c-working d-will work

7-You …………. waste your time .a-would b-should c-shouldn't d-'d better

8-They ………………… stay up late.a-would b-should c-ought d-'d not better

9-He should ……………….. your relatives regularly.a-visited b- to visit c-visit d-visiting

10- They ………………… start work late.a-not had better b-had better not c-had not better d-not better

B. Complete the sentences with should or shouldn’t .1- You (try)………………………… to get at least 6-8 hours of sleep each night.

2- Ben didn’t do well in his exams. He (study) ……………….. harder for them.

3. Ibrahim (lie)………………… to his best friend, Nawaf.

4. You (take) ………………….. a nice long holiday. I’m sure it will relax you.23

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5. Michael (play) …………………….. football until a doctor examines his knee.Round-up

A. Read the text and complete the blanks with the Present Perfect Simple, the Present Perfect Progressive or the Past Simple of the verbs in brackets.Jeff Carr is a doctor who works for a non-profit organization and is now in Uzbekistan. He (1) (work) has worked / has been working for the organization for a year and describes his experience as very rewarding. Jeff (2) (work) worked in England for several years before he (3) (join) joined the organization. He (4) chose / has chosen (choose) to go to Uzbekistan to help with a diseaseprevention project. His days are spent in a busy hospital, dealing with patients, and training local staff. He works in a stressful environment with basic conditions and he has to use his creativity to solve difficult problems. There have been times when he(5) (feel) has felt completely exhausted, but in spite of this, he still loves his work. When he has free time, he likes to practise his Uzbek, which he (6) (try) has been trying to learn since he arrived. Jeff’s time there is ending next month, but he (7) (volunteer) has volunteered to take part in another project in Africa. He says he (8) (make) has made a lot of friends during his time in Uzbekistan and will miss them. Most important of all, he says he gets a great sense of satisfaction from making a difference in people’s lives and believes that is what success is all about.

************************************* B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.1. I……… John borrow my bike. He won’t return it to me now!a. should let b- should have let c- shouldn’t let d-shouldn’t have let

2. Jeremy ……………..from medical school.a. has graduated b- has been graduating c- was graduating d- graduates

3. He has been managing the company ……………….three years.a. since b- before c- for d- already

4. I’ve ……………for an hour for the bus.a. wait b. been waited c- been waiting d- waiting

5. This is the architect ……………designed my house.a. where b. whose c- which d- who

6. Taif, is where my sister lives, is a beautiful town set high in the mountains.a. who b. whose c- Which d-that

************************************* C. Choose the word that most appropriately completes each sentence.1. Ben has a very………….. job; he’s a fingerprint analyst.

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a. unusual b. unpredictable c. colourful d. individual2. Julia’s father is a(n) ……and is now doing a study of a particular kind of mosquito.a. engineer b. geologist c. biologist d. mathematician

3. Hassan has nearly completed his Marketing…………………. .a. course b. subject c. certificate d. award

4. Sleep is an ………………….part of healthy living.a. unnecessary b. interesting c. essential d. attractive

5. Jack is ……………..about where he will go on holiday next year.a. independent b. professional c. individual d. flexible

6. Lorna was amazed when she found out that she’d won the writing…………….. .a. opportunity b. course c. competition d. recording

*****************************************D. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b or c best fits each gap.

Football StarMajed Ahmed Abdullah Al-Mohammed1(1 ) a passion for football since he was a

child. He was born in Al-Baghdadia in Jeddah and (2) one of the greatest players

ever to come from Asia. It was obvious from an early age that Majed was a very (3)

football player.He spent his entire career playing for Al-Nasr in Riyadh, (4) he scored

nearly 200 goals. (5) , from 1976-1998 he (6) his team win four league

championships, four Saudi cups, two Gulf cups and the Asian Winners Cup. His (7)

was not limited to Al-Nasr. Majed played 140 games for Saudi Arabia’s national

team and also served as captain of the team. He played with great patriotism for his

country scoring lots of goals. At the time, he even held the world record for

international appearances, but several players (8) that record. Majed (9) global

recognition late in his career when Saudi Arabia qualified for the first time for the

World Cup in 1994 in the USA. Majed Abdullah retired in 1998 but he (10) to be

involved in football working as a sports commentator.

1. a. had b. has had c. has been having

2. a. became b. has become c. was becoming

3. a. famous b. patient c. talented

4. a. who b. which c. where

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5. a. Moreover b. As well as c. Not only

6. a. helped b. has helped c. has been helping

7. a. failure b. success c. qualifications

8. a. since broke b. have since broken c. had since broken

9. a. earned b. took c. won

10. a. has continued b. continued c. has been continuing

********************************************E. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1. Did you read Oliver Twist? (that)Is Oliver Twist the book / novel that you read?

2. John started working for the company twelve years ago. (been)John has been working for the company for twelve years.

3. You ought to study harder for your exams if you want to pass this year. (should)If you want to pass this year, you should study harder for your exams.

4. I drank too much coffee and now I can’t sleep! (drunk)I shouldn’t have drunk so much coffee because now I can’t sleep.

5. It would be a good idea for Omer to rest his ankle before the next game .( better)Omer had better rest his ankle before the next game.

6. The last time Mike was in England was in 1999. (been)Mike hasn’t been to England since 1999.

7. Layla started learning French when she was six. (been)Layla has been learning French since she was six.

8. It’s a long time since I’ve seen Osama. (For)I haven’t seen Osama for a long time.

***************************************

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Module 2 a Reading

Flying cars; next generation vehiclesمحب المستقبل بالتأكيد

العلوم Ask any science fan about the future and they will most definitely tell you that it will be

سائق يصبح اختياري الباحثين العلماءالطائرة السيارات

full of flying cars - where drivers may become optional! Many researchers, scientists and شخصي الجوي النقل حتمي حل مزدحمة

engineers see personal air transport as the inevitable solution to the problem of congested roads or airports that suffer from من تأخير .delays تعاني

حلم تربط مع ذلك معAt first, it was a dream to combine a car with an aeroplane. However, a flying car was

ثقيلة غالي تصمم كفء غير مشكلةconsidered to be too heavy, costly to design and inefficient. Another problem was that you

معتمدة رخصة لكي

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feature (n) – – خاصية صفة سمةfuel وقود guard (v) يحرس impact أثر Inefficient كفء غيرinevitable حتمي install يستخدم Internalداخلي lightweight خفيف وزنlocate في – يقع يوجدmaximum األقصى الحدmeans of transport وسائلالمواصالتnegotiate يتفاوض operateيشغل parking lot وقوف ساحةالسياراتpersuade يقنع property – ممتلكات ملكيةReduceيقلل replace يستبدل run on / بـ يسير بـ يعملVehicleسيارة version نسخة

affect يؤثر amuseيمتع back up دعم combine يوحد Comparable مقارنته يمكنconcrete خرسانةcongested مروريا مختنقconsiderably معقول بشكلconsumeيستهلك consumption استهالك cruising (adj.) يسير decade= 10 years من عقد الزمانdelay يؤخر- يؤجلdetermine يحدد dramatically كبير بشكلexhaust السيارة عادمfumes أبخرة externalخارجي rural ريفي state (v) – يعلن يصرحsimultaneously الوقت نفس في

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had to be a pilot with a certified licence in order to fly one.

خفيف وزن مواد تقنية المخترعينحديث

Now, with modern lightweight materials and computer technology, a number of inventors على تعمل خاصة شخص نسخة

شركاتand small companies are working on their own individual versions of flying cars, which they

تغير الجوي السفر تطور تحكم برنامج تسمىكبير بشكل

hope will dramatically change air travel. NASA is developing a control programme called شيء مشابه الجوي المرور تحكم نظام

سريع طريق السماء‘Highway in the Sky’, which is something similar to a modern air traffic control system,

على قادر تشغل الوقت نفس في بدونآالف

where thousands of flying cars will be able to operate simultaneously without running the البعض ببعضهم مدير العام الطيران

مغامرة يصطدمواrisk of crashing into one another. Dr. Bruce Holmes, NASA’s manager of General Aviation

يصرح اوتوماتيك تعمل بدون بشريPrograms, states that in the future automatic flying cars will be operating without human pilots, as onboard مع يتفاوض األرضcomputers will fly and negotiate with other flying cars’ computers and with ground

يحدد يهبط يطير محدد ارتفاعمحطات

stations that will determine who can land or fly at a particular altitude.الرئيس التنفيذي دولي مطور

Paul Moller, Chief Executive of Moller International and developer of the flying skycar تصميم بناء يختبر شخصي

M400, spent 40 years and millions of dollars designing, building and testing the personal صمم اختبر الحقا تصل

طائرةaircraft. In 1989, he designed and tested the M200X and later the M400, which can reach

/ ساعة ميل ارتفاع قدم تقنياسفر سرعة

cruising speeds of up to 350 mph at an altitude of 50 ft. Technically speaking, this flying car يعرف رأسي اقالع هبوط

is known as a ‘volantor’, which is defined as ‘a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that is بسرعة بسهولة تسمح مرن مثل هليكوبتر

على قادرcapable of flying quickly and easily.’ This allows the flying car to be flexible like a helicopter

سرعة سريعة بـ تسير البنزين الديزل الكحول بروبانبدون فقد

without losing the speed of a fast aircraft. It runs on petrol, diesel, alcohol or propane and استهالك بـ مقارنة متوسط حجم

الوقود its fuel consumption is comparable to that of a medium-sized car.

اختبرت تحمي ضد حوادث األمان خصائص تشمل29

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This model has been tested to guard against accidents. Safety features included in the داخلية خارجية هواء اكياس تسمح الركاب ناعم

باراشوت design are parachutes and internal and external airbags to allow the passengers a soft

حلة حادث ذلك على عالوة أضاف دعمهبوط

landing in the event of an accident. Furthermore, Mr. Moller has added two back-up حالة في شيء خطأ اعلن تستطيع

computers in case something goes wrong. Mr. Moller states that his flying car is able to fly ذلك مع المستقبل ممكن تهبط

from airports and heliports. However, in the future it will be possible to land at ‘vertiports’, مواقف خاصة مميزات التسوق مراكز السحاب ناطحات

تشمل حقولwhich will include fields, parking lots, private properties, shopping centres or skyscraper roofs.

من تستفيد تقنية جدا مميزةقاله لما طبقا

According to Mr Moller, the benefits of this new technology will be quite remarkable. أثر البيئة قصوى أهمية

أوالFirstly, the effect on the environment will be of maximum importance, as flying cars will

مروري تلوث ازدحام مستويات معقولة بالتقلل ضوضاء

reduce air and noise pollution levels considerably. People will be free of traffic jams and مرنة حياة أساليب السفر مرات سيارات مشهور

will have more flexible lifestyles and travel times. When these vehicles become popular, حرية اختيار بين ريفية حضرية حياة أساليب

then people will have freedom of choice between rural and urban lifestyles, as they will be قرب مطار تطير العمل مكان مئات

able to live in a village near a small airport and fly to their workplace in the city hundreds لذلك من كثير طرق كبيرة مطارات

of miles away. Therefore, there won’t be much of a need for roads or large airports يعتقد فكرة السفر

بعدanymore, only ‘vertiports’. Mr Moller believes that by the year 2040, our idea of travel will

عادات المثال سبيل على سريعة طرق مشابه نظامغيرت

have changed as well as our habits. For example, a ‘Highway in the Sky’ or a similar system تحل خرسانية طرق المرور اشارات

محل will have replaced concrete roads and traffic signs.

يخفي يبدو محتمل أطفالنا منمهما المستقبل

Whatever the future holds, it seems very likely that our children will be ‘volanting’ from من بدال تنفس ضارة عادم أبخرة ذلك مع

small airports or ‘vertiports’ instead of breathing harmful exhaust fumes. However, it will العادي المستهلك ان قادر يوفر التقنية

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be decades before the ordinary consumer is able to afford this technology. 3. READING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATIONRead the article again and answer the questions 1-5.1. Why were flying cars only a dream in the past?d. They were expensive and not very practical.

2. What is NASA working on?d. air routes for flying cars

3. What is characteristic of a ‘volantor’?a. It can run on a variety of fuels.

4. How will passengers be protected in case of an accident?b. Internal and external airbags as well as parachuteswill be installed.

5. How will the flying car affect the environment?c. It will reduce air and noise pollution.

****************************************** 4. Guessing the meaning of unknown words

يمكن ال منعه من الحدوثحتمي

1. inevitable a. cannot be prevented from happening

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مغلق السيارات حركةمروري اختناق

2. congested f. blocked with traffic. الوقت نفس الوقت نفس

3. simultaneously d. at the same timeارتفاع فوق البحر سطح مستوى

االرتفاع4. altitude e. height (above sea level)

يتغير يتكيف بسهولةمرن

5. flexible h. able to change or adapt easily.م بشكل قولكثير

6. considerably b. a lot******************************************

B. Match the following words in the article with their opposites.1. definitely بالتأكيد X possibly المحتمل من

2. optional اختياري X compulsoryاجباري

3. remarkable مميز X ordinaryعادي

4. maximum األقصى X the least الحد األدنى الحدVerbs With Prepositions

verb + from verb + with verb + into verb + againstbenefit يستفيدdifferيختلفprotect يحميpreventيمنعsuffer من يعانيtranslateيترجمsaveينقذ

compareيقارنconnect يوصلreplaceيستبدلcope مع يتوافقcombine بـ يربطnegotiate يتفاوضمعmix بـ يخلط

Bump بـ يصطدمcrash بـ يصطدمTranslate الى يترجم

warn من يحذر Guard من يحمي protect من يحمي

B. Complete the sentences below using verbs and prepositions from the exercise

1. Many people suffer from allergies.

2. The race car driver was careful not to crash into / bump into the barriers.

3. John lost control of the car and crashed into / bumped into a tree.

4. The manager of the company is going to negotiate with the unhappy workers.

5. Abdulaziz is finding it difficult to cope with his heavy workload.

6. People need to take more action if they want to save/ protect the planet from/ against Global warming.

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7. The publisher plans to translate the book into several languages.

8. In summer, it is a good idea to wear a hat to protect yourself from/against the sun.******************************************* 2. Nouns Deriving From Verbs

verb Nounconnectيربطreplaceيستبدلcommunicateيتصلarrangeيرتبinventيخترعoperateيشغلimproveيطورproduceينتجprotectيحميreduceينتج

connectionتوصيلreplacementاستبدالcommunicationاتصالarrangementترتيبinventionاختراعoperationتشغيلimprovementتطويرproductionانتاجprotectionحمايةreductionتخفيض

B. Complete the sentences with nouns from the exercise above.1. My grandfather had a successful heart operation yesterday.2. There will be a big improvement in the weather next week.3. The Internet makes communication between people easier and faster.4. There is a 30% price reduction on all washing machines and fridges during the sales.5. Sunscreen protection is necessary for the of fair skin.6. Scientists have discovered a connection between eating uncooked vegetables and

************************************** 3. Adjectives ending in –able

قصة عذر عليه يعتمد شخصتصديقها يمكن

a believable story/excuse a dependable personكتاب قصة مفضل اختيار وجبةبه التنبؤ يمكن

a predictable book/story a preferable choice/mealاختالف تغير الوزن فقد

ملحوظ a noticeable difference/change/weight loss

The Future33

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Next القادم am- is - are + going to + المصدر Tomorrow غدا Soon: قريبا am- is - are + ing ( present progressive)

Later الحقا In the future: will + المصدر In + زمنية مدة

1- A m - is -are + going to + infinitive المصدر أن تعني و القريب المستقبل في يحدث سوف يحدث عن للتعبير تستخدم

ال و القريب المستقبل في الفعل حدوث لضمان اتخذت قد ترتيبات هناك . المستقبل على تدل كلمة وجود معها يشترط

I am going to build a house next month . ( plan ) I think people will live on the moon in the future. ( prediction )

am – is – are بعد not كلمة بوضع تنفىI am not going to fly to London .

They aren't going to study English . السؤال بها لنبدأ Am – Is – Are نقدم السؤال عند و

Are you going to visit your friend ?Is he going to buy a car ?

************************************Present progressive المستمر المضارع

مستقبلية للتعبير المستمر المضارع يستخدم ترتيبات أو خطة عن We're going out with Ali tonight .I'm having my hair cut tomorrow .

**************************************2- will + infinitive المصدر

.intention I will fly to London next summer النية عن للتعبير will تستخدم . I will be 45 years old next month مستقبلية حقيقة إقرار أو

(Future fact ) للتنبؤ ايضا تستخدم .I think people will live on the moon in the futureو

(prediction) will not = won't النفي عند و -I'll – we'll يلي كما تختصر

Choose the right answer :-1-Why will he ………………… to the market tomorrow ? a-go b-went c-going d- goes

2-Ali …………………abroad next summer .a-travelled b-is going to travel c-travels d-travelling

3-He …………………….for London tomorrow .a-will leave b-leaves c- leaving d- left

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4-My father …………………….. to London next week . a-fly b-flying c-is going to fly d- flew

5-It is very cloudy . It ………………….. rain . a-going b-going to c-is going to d-going

6-I am …..........................homework soon . a-will write b-going to write c-write d d-wrote

7- My sister is going to …………………….……………next month .a-marry b- married c- marries d- marrying

Future Continuousحدث عن في ) ( يعبر ما وقت في يكتمل لم مستمرا يكون سوف

المستقبل .Expresses an An open-ended activity taking place at a certain time in the future.

Form : will be + verb + ing Past now future I'll be watching the match between 8-10 tomorrow . We'll be studying at school until 1:15 next Sunday.My friends will be playing football between 4:30 – 5:30 tomorrow.

Choose the correct answer : 1-Tomorrow at 9: 00, we ……………….at school . We usually starts at 7:30a.m.a-Will study b- will be studying c- studied d- have studied

2-My brother ………… to London at 10:00 tomorrow. The plane takes off at 9:30.a-Will fly b- will flying c- flew d-will be flying

3-They …………….. the match at 9:30. Matches usually starts at 8:30 . a-watched b- have watched c- watched d-will be watching

4-We ………………….. for you at 7:00 . Don't be late. a-Will wait b- will waiting c- waited d-will be waiting

5-I ……………… when you arrive, so wait for me in the café . a-Will be working b- will work c- work d-have worked

6-I ………………….. at 3:00 . don't wake me up. I'm very tired. a-Will sleep b- slept c- sleep d-will be

sleeping

**************************************

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The Future perfectفي ما وقت في حدوثه اكتمل و تم قد يكون سوف حدث عن يعبر

المستقبل Form : will have + V3 – … ed Past now futureI will have finished my homework in 15 minutes. My father will have arrived the airport at 3:00 .We won't have finished painting at 5:00. We usually finish at 5:30. Choose the right answers :- 1-In 30 years' time , scientists …………………. A cure for all cancers. a-Will find b- found c- will have found d- finding

2-By the next 5 years , our country …………………….. 100 new schools. a-Will have built b- will build c- built d- building

3-By 2020, Qatar ……………………. All the new stadiums for the world cup. a-Will build b- will have built c-are building d- have built

4-Come to me after 3:00 . I ………………. Work and we could go out . a-have finished b- will finish c- will have finished d- finished

5-My friends ………………… the class at 1:15 p.m. They usually finish at 1:00 p.m. a-have left b- will leave c- will have left d- left

*************************************** 4. PRACTICE

Read the dialogues and circle the correct words.1. A: Are you going / Do you go to the lake next weekend with Bill?B: Yes.A: I would like to come. Will there be / Will there have been space in the car for me?B: Of course. We are taking / take Bill’s dad’s van, so there’s lots of space.2. A: Will you start / Are you starting your exams soon?B: Yes. This time tomorrow I will be sitting / will have sat for my Maths exam.A: Good luck!3. A: Khaled, will you phone / are you phoning the airport and find out what time father’s flight arrives?B: Sure. I’ll do it as soon as I finish / will finish my lunch.4. A: Are you going to have / Do you have breakfast before we leave?B: Yes, but it will take / is taking me only about 15 minutes so hurry up!A: OK, I will be / will have been ready by then. Read the text and complete the blanks with the correct form of the words in capitals.

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Science museums are a great and affordable place to take your kids on a rainy Saturday afternoon. Your children can learn all about science, technology and invention in a fun and creative way. Take, for instance, the Science Museum in London;it has various fascinating exhibits which are sure to leave your child amazed. And if your child has the dream of becoming a biologist, why not go to the Biology Gallery where they can explore the interesting and impressive displays.In addition, the Science and Art of Medicine Gallery is both beautiful and educational as it uses objects to tell the history of medical traditions across the world. So, why not go to your local science museum this weekend? It will be

impossible not to enjoy the experience.

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Module 2 B Reading

رياضي الذي على تعمل برنامج الى تهدف افتراضيSaed Ali is a mathematician who is working on a program that aims to make virtual

تخيل فوائد هذا تقنية مستخدمة جراحجراحة واقع

surgery a reality. ‘Imagine the benefits of such technology in use! A surgeon will be ينفذ عملية رقمي خيالي

able to carry out an operation on your “digital double”, which is a “virtual you” ذلك بعمل الجراح نتعلم من أخطاءيكونه

generated by a computer. By doing so, the surgeon can learn from any mistakes he الجراح اخيرا متأكد نجاح يعمل

makes. If the surgeon is finally certain of success, he then will operate on you مشاكل عدة الجراح يمارس تشغيل

بدونwithout any problems. The surgeon will be able to practise the operation several

بالفعل ذلك يفعل يعني أقل اخطاء يقولمرات

times before actually doing it, which means that there will be fewer mistakes,’ says

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expertise خبرة generate يولّد Investigate عن يتحرىkeep an eye on – يالحظ يراقبlessen يقلل minimize يصغّر Monitorشاشة parameter باراميتر pot اناء procedureأسلوب Prototype نموذج – مثالrecreate – يخلق يبدعrestore يستعيد result نتيجة in revise فيالتنقيحscan (n) فحص Simulationمحاكاة spare اضافي updated محدث virtual افتراضي

carry out ينفذ come up تحدث do without الصعوبات رغم ينجحput up with مع يتسامحdiagnosis تشخيص discomfort بالراحة الشعور عدمdress (wound) جرح يخيطmedicalطبي operate on ب يشتغلoperation تشغيل pain ألم physician طبيب surgeonجراح surgery جراحية عمليةTreatmentعالج aim (v) الى يهدفambitious طموح complex – معقد مركبcrop محصول Distracted االنتباه يصرفerror خطأ

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تقنية جراحية محاكاة بال شكSaed. This technology is called surgical simulation and is, without doubt, going to

األسلوب تخلق تشمل معقدة هندسةينقذ أرواح

Save lives. The method of creating a digital double involves complex geometry andاحتماالت لها نهاية ال تقنية

الرياضيات mathematics. ‘The possibilities are endless,’ adds Saed. ‘If the technology was

اآلن المرضى حتى من ينجو رحلة مسحمتاح

available right now, patients would even be spared of a trip to the doctor’s. A scan طبيب يكون سليم تشخيص لـ يجهز

الى يرسلwould be sent to the doctor who would make a correct diagnosis and prepare for

قبل المريض يدخلالعملية

the operation before asking the patient to come in.’نبات بيولوجي على يعمل مشروع الى يهدف الفالح

B - Saud Khalid is a plant biologist involved in a project which aims to help farmers يشاهد النبات الظروف تنمو حاليا

يتفحصinvestigate and monitor plants and the conditions in which they grow. Presently,

محاصيل بدون معرفة ما النتيجة علمواfarmers grow crops without knowing what the end result will be. If they knew what

تحدث خطوات تجنبهم الباحثون مثلproblems could come up, they would take steps to avoid them. Researchers, such as

ربطوا تجربتهم جهد يجعل أسهلSaud, have combined their expertise in an effort to make it easier for farmers to

نجاح محاصيل البرنامج فعليا نموذج افتراضييتنبأ

predict the success of their crops. ‘The program is actually a 3D model of a virtual ادخال مختلفة مثل الحرارة درجة

plant growing,’ says Saud. ‘By entering different parameters, such as temperature, ترى األثر النبات ذلك على عالوة

we are able to see the effect that they will have on the plant. Furthermore, once زرعوا محاصيلهم الفالحين يراقب

they have planted their crops, farmers will be able to keep an eye on them and رعاية اعطاء محاصيل يحتاجون

يحسنونimprove plant care by giving their crops what they need, when they need it.’ When

نطاق على مستخدمة يطور فعال ادارةواسع

this program is widely used, it will revolutionize effective crop management and it أرخص أفضل جودة للجميع

عنه ينتجwill result in cheaper and better quality food for all.

آثار عالم في منخرط مشروع يسمى

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C- Carl Austen is an archaeologist who was involved in a ten-year project named متطورة رقمية بناء يعيد

‘Rome Reborn 1.0’. This project used advanced technology to digitally rebuild أكبر كاملة محاكاة تاريخية

القديمة روماancient Rome. It is the largest and most complete simulation of a historic city ever

بناء يعيد آثار تعد لم توجدcreated. ‘We have digitally recreated monuments that no longer exist, and we have

يستعيد مواقع يدمر الوقترقمي

digitally restored sites that have been destroyed with time, but this is by far the طموح مشروع عمله يتم

most ambitious project ever to be done,’ says Carl.يعمل الفعلي الوقت مستخدمي البرنامج طريقهم

It is a true 3D model that runs in real time. Users of the program can work their way

يرغبون يدخلون هامة عامة مبانيخالل نموذج

through the model as they wish. They can enter important public buildings and تستكشف كل ركن رائعة تاريخية مدينة المؤكد من

انحاء كلmove around to explore every corner of this marvellous, historic city. It is sure to

مجسم نماذج تاريخية قيمة جيد شيءserve as a prototype for other city models of historic value. ‘The good thing is that if

ببساطة يحدث يشملاكتشافات

new discoveries are made, the program will simply be updated to include them and اعتقد نستطيع لن بدونها نعلم

this is why I think that we will not be able to do without it when teaching our عن القديمة روما

children about ancient Rome,’ adds Carl.يتلقى عالج حروق

Paul Parker is a 15-year-old boy who is receiving treatment for burns which he got يغلي ماء سقطت فوق ساقه معروفة حقيقة

اناء when a pot of boiling water fell onto his leg. It is a well-known fact that the

أسوأ من فعلية اصابة لهذا السبب الممرضاتعالج حرق

treatment for a burn is worse than the actual injury. For this reason, nurses and انحاء كل مستشفى ان قرر افتراضي واقعية ألعاب

االطباء الدولةphysicians at Nationwide Children’s Hospital decided to use virtual reality games to

مع يتوافق ألم الجرح رعاية البحث توضح قلقضحايا

help young victims put up with the pain of wound care. Research shows that anxiety بشدة مرتبط المرضى قلق يخفض

ألم

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and pain are strongly connected and if patients are distracted, anxiety is reduced أقل مؤلم البداية في الممرضات

اسلوبand the procedure becomes less painful. ‘At first the nurses gave me books to look

قليال تقليل ألم جروح بـ يعتني عندئذat, but they did little to lessen the pain of having my wounds taken care of. Then,

افتراضية واقعية لعبة جدا في ينهمكone day, they let me play with a virtual reality game and I was so engrossed in

مندهش عندما أخبرتني ينهيplaying the game that I was surprised when the nurse told me that he had finished

جروحي يخيط

dressing my wounds,’ says Paul.3. SCANNING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION

Read the texts again and answer the questions 1-12. Write A, B, C or D 1- A 2- B 3- D 4- C 5. D 6-A 7- D 8- C 9- A 10-A 11- B 12- D

************************************4. Guessing the meaning of unknown words A. Match 1. carry out do, performينفذ 2. come up appear unexpectedly مفاجيء بشكل يحدث3. do without manage despite the lack of من بالرغم ينجح4. put up with tolerate مع – يتسامح يتعاملB. Look at the following words from the texts and choose the correct meaning, a, b or c.1. generated تولّد a. created b. called c. controlled

2. complex معقد a. basic b. interesting c. difficult to understand

3. monitor يتفحص a. check b. destroy c. create

4. expertise تجربةa. problem b. character c. special knowledge

5. parameters باراميترa. programmes b. factors c. skills

6. revolutionizeيتغير a. prevent b. reduce c. change greatly

7. simulation محاكاةa. recreation b. story c. area

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8. prototype نموذج a. invention b. example c. equipment

9. distracted مبالي الa. careless b. sensitive c. not concentrating

10. engrossed في منهمكa. absorbed b. indifferent c. not interested

****************************************Vocabulary

Prefixes and suffixesA. Look at the words in bold in the sentences below.What do you think they mean? Choose a or b.1. The possibilities are endless.a. coming to an end b. having no end

2. This project used advanced technology to digitallyrebuild ancient Rome.a. build again b. build a part of

3. If patients are distracted, anxiety is reduced and the procedure becomes less painful.a. causing pain b. without pain

4. The doctor’s diagnosis was incorrect so they didn’t give the patient the right medicine.a. accurate b. wrong

5. This information is unimportant and I’m not going to consider it.a. very important b. not important

B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.1. You should be more careful with your work; there were a lot of silly mistakes in your exam paper. (care)

2. Scientists believe too much sunbathing is harmful to your health. ( harm)

3. Saif is an ineffective leader; he doesn’t know how to motivate people.(effective)

4. Spiders make me feel very uncomfortable. (comfortable)

5. If you want to be successful in business, you have to plan carefully. (success)

6. The man was very helpful; he showed us how to get back to our hotel. (help)

7 .Since he lost his job and the bank took back his house, Kevin has been homeless. (home)

8 .They are trying to reconstruct the buildings that were damaged inthe earthquake. (construct)

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*************************************** Grammar

Zero conditionalIf/ When S به – المصدر في فعل S المصدر في فعل–

به فعل If you heat water , it evaporates.If you put wood in water, it doesn't sink.Ice melts if it is heated.When he arrives home, he eats his lunch and has a nap. ( routine)

****************************************The First Conditional

If/ When S به – المصدر في فعل Will + infinitive الفعل

المصدر فيWill + infinitive If S به – المصدر في فعلIf you studies hard , you'll get the best mark in class.

She will buy the new dress if she has enough money.

If they get a digital camera, they can take good photos. استخدام من can – shall – be going to – may – must يمكن will بدال

I - We - You - They - Plural مجرد don't - فعل

He - She - It - singular S به doesn't - فعل

Will 'll will not won't هامة ملحوظة :****************************************************

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The Second Conditional

ضمن : الثانية الحالة تدخل واقعية غير خيالية اشياء عن للتعبير تستخدم

التخيل او التمني نطاقIf ed- V2 / didn't would + infinitive المصدر في الفعلWould + infinitive If ed - V2 / didn't

بالجملة Were تستخدم كان اذا الضمائر او if لكل التمني عن تعبر كانت والتخيل

If were ( الضمائر في الفعل would + infinitive ( لكل

المصدرIf I were a millionaire , I would buy a Ferrari.

Choose the right answer:1-If I were you, I........ Fawzi the truth.a-will tell b-would tell c-had told d- has told

2-Karim................me a souvenir if he goes to New York.a-will buy b-would buy c-had bought d- has bought

3-Faisal wouldn't be angry if you…………….. him a favour.a-asks b-asked c-will ask d- would ask

4-If I.............rich, I wouldn't have more than one car.a-were b-been c-was d- be

5-Where will your parents go on holiday if you……………. with them?a-didn't go b-don't go c-doesn't go d- not go

6-If I……………….. the time, I'd learn to speak another.a- has b-have c-had d- having

7-If you had to live in another country, where ……………… go?a- do go b- did go c- will go d-would go

8-If I had enough time, I……………………… for a walk .a-will go b-would go c-should go d- can go

9-If you run fast, you ……………………. the race.a-will win b- would win c-should win d-could win

10- If you ...................... to the party , I would be angry .a-didn’t come b-don’t come c- wouldn’t come d-hadn’t come

11- If I have enough money , I…………………. that car .a-will buy b- buys c-bought d-to buy

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12-If I won some money , I …………………….. a new car .a-will buy b-would buy c- buys d-buy

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Practice Complete the texts with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.1. close 2. Have 3- can/will go 4- would get 5- Were6. would ask 7. Want 8- should eat 9- Need 10-visit

******************************************Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.1. If I go to Australia, I the Great Barrier Reef.a. will visit b. am visiting c. would visit d. visit

2. If I stay under the sun for too long, I .a. am burning b. burned c. burn d. would burn

3. If I were you, I those mushrooms; they’re poisonous.a. wouldn’t eat b. would eat c. will eat d. should eat

4. If I saw a lion, I up the nearest tree.a. will climb b. climbed c. climb d. would climb

5. The Internet allows people from all over the world to connect each other.a. into b. from c. against d. with

6. Atheer thought that the end of the book was very .a. preferable b. noticeable c. predictable d. comparable

7. John had to changes in the number of squirrels in the area for his science project.a. simulate b. monitor c. measure d. generate

8. Nasir’s area of is criminal law.a. expertise b. recreation c. programme d. technology

******************************************* Grammar

ال و ثالث تصريف لها ليس ألنه الناقصة باألفعال تسمى إال تأتى ألنهاالمصدر مساعد كفعل بعدها دائما و

في= عنه السؤال في و الماضي في عنه المضارع في معناها يختلفالخبرية الجملة

أو= العرض أو الطلب عن لتعبر السؤال عند مختلفة بمعاني تستخدماالستئذان

Can shall will may must

Could should would might had to

I will phone you but I can't visit you at home .We shall visit you tomorrow. You should wait for us.I can not speak French very well.Can I go home now , please?!

*****************************************

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permission Can االستئذان عن للتعبير تستخدمCan I help you with your work ?Can you carry this bag for me ?Can I go home now?ObligationWhen something is necessary , essential or obligatory we use :-الضمائر Must كلI – You – We – They+ plural have to + infinitive المصدرHe – She – It + singular has toThe light is red . You have to stop .My father has to go to his work every day.You must go to school on time .

Need toفعله ان أحد يجبرنا لم و لفعله نحتاج شيء عن للتعبير تستخدم

My thobe is torn, I need to buy a new one.My car is out of order. I need to rent a car.I don't a need to buy any pens. I have 3 more ones.

كلمة شيء needn't أما لفعل الحاجة عدم للتعبيرعن فتستخدمبدون المصدر بعدها ان to الحظ

You needn't run , the bus hasn't come yet.I needn't get up early. Tomorrow is Friday .

*****************************************No obligation don't have to – doesn't have to …./ needn't

ما شيء بفعل االجبار عدم او االلزام عدم عن للتعبير تستخدمI – You – We – They+ plural don't have to + infinitive المصدرHe – She – It + singular doesn't have to + infinitive لمصدرا

She doesn't have to study hard tonight. The exam is delayed.You don't have to run. There is enough time to catch the bus.Tomorrow is Saturday. We don't have to go to school.you needn't come tomorrow, i will visit you

*****************************************Prohibition mustn't – can't

فعله mustn't – can't تستخدم منع و ما شيء بفعل السماح عدم عن للتعبيرالعادات و العرف و للقانون طبقا

=You mustn't leave school before the age of 15. It is the law .=The sign says " No parking " you can't park your car here.=The sign says" No Smoking " You mustn't smoke here.=Fishing here is forbidden . You can't fish here.Choose the right answer :-

1- We use……………….. to give permission .47

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a- can't – mustn't b- don't have to – doesn't have toc-can d- must, have to and has to

2-We use …………….and ……………. When there is no permission to do something.a- can't – mustn't b- don't have to – doesn't have toc-can d- must, have to and has to

3-We use ………………. and ……………when there is no obligation.a- can't – mustn't b- don't have to – doesn't have toc-can d- must, have to and has to

4-We use …………… and ……………..for obligation .a- can't – mustn't b- don't have to – doesn't have toc-can d- must and have to

5-They have …………….. now. The shop will close for prayers.a- leave b- to leave c- left d- leaving

6- You …………. go out tonight. You don't have permission to do.a- can't b-can c- have to d- should

7-You ………………… cheat in exam . It's not alloweda- can b-mustn't c- have to d- should

8- You ………………… wear the seat belt . It is obligatory.a- can b-mustn't c- have to d- must

9- You …………… use a pen in the exam . You have permission to do.a- can b-mustn't c- can't d- must

10- You ……………… get a visa to go to Saudi Arabia. It's essential .a- can b-mustn't c- can't d- must

11-You …………… do the extra work . It's optional .a- don't have to b-mustn't c- can't d- must

12-You ………………. Talk after the exam has started.a- don't have to b-shouldn't c- can't d- must

**********************************************I designed a robot for my Science project. Our teacher told us that we (1) had to /

didn’t have to create something original if we wanted to get a good mark. This

made me nervous because I hadn’t done well in my exam and I (2) needed / must to

improve my grade if I wanted to pass. When my teacher saw my robot, heexclaimed,

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‘Excellent work! You (3) have to / don’t need to worry about passing any more. In

fact, it’s so impressive that you (4) must / needn’t enter your robot in the RoboCup

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junior football championship. You (5) must / need to register by next month if you

want to take part this year and you (6) don’t have to / mustn’t forget to include the

£50 registration fee. It is taking place in Germany, so you (7) must / needn’t ask

your parents if you can go.’ RoboCup junior football is a football game which is

played by robots. In the game, a pair of robots compete against each other on a

small football table which changes colour gradually from dark to pale. The robots

(8) don’t have / have to use this colour pattern to move towards the opponent’s

goal. As they are independent, the robots (9) mustn’t / don’t need to be controlled

by a remote control; they move on their own. I just (10) need / had to add a few

finishing touches to my robot and we’ll be ready to compete!

************************************************Expressions with ‘in’ and ‘out of’

in addition in agreement in detail in order

in particular in progress in the future in touch in use**********************************************

out of control out of date out of the ordinary

out of the question out of order out of touch out of useC. Complete the sentences with in or out of.1- During the match, the situation with the fans from opposing teams got totally out

of control and the police made several arrests.

2- An investigation into the causes of the accident is in progress.

3- In my History class, we are studying World War II in detail.

4- The lift is out of order, so we will have to use the stairs.

5- I try to keep in touch with my classmates from school.

6- Don’t rely on this information; it’s out of date.

7- I haven’t got the money, so buying a new car is out of the question.

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Traveller 4

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