I: Writing a paragraph- Definition: is a basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develops a main idea.3 parts in a paragraph: A TOPIC SENTENCE, SUPPORTING SENTENCES, AND A CONCLUDING SENTENCE.* A TOPIC SENTENCE: has 2 essential parts: the topic and controlling idea. The topic names the subject or main idea of the paragraph.The controlling idea make a specific comment about the topic, which indicates what the rest of the paragraph will say about the topic. A good topic sentence is a complete sentence with a subject, a verb and generakky a complement, is usually the first or last sentence in the paragraph.Ex:Driving on free waysrequiresskill and alertness Topic controlling ideaLiving in a dormitory helps foreign students improve their English faster.Note: a topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific.Ex:Too general: American food is terribleToo specific: American food is tasteless and greasy because American use too many canned, frozen, and prepackaged foods and because everything is fried in oil or butter.Good: American food is tasteless and greasy* SUPPORTING SENTENCES: develops the topic sentence. That is, they explain the topic sentence by giving reasons, examples, facts, statistics, and quotations.* THE CONCLUDING SENTENCE: signals the end of the paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to rememberTWO ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS:* UNITY: means that u discuss only one main idea in a paragraph. The main idea is stated in the topic sentence, and then and each every supporting sentence develops thatt idea.* COHERENCE: means that your paragraph is easy to understand and read, using appropriate transition signals and in logical orders.Excercise: Define the topic and controlling idea in the following sentences:1. Driving in Tokyo requires nerves of steel.2. Living in a domitory may cause severe culture shock for some foreign students3. Communicating in English is a major problem for foreign students.Exercise 2: Write a paragraph including 6-10 sentences for the following topics- Arranged marriged- The benefits of foreign travel- The effects of smoking on a person's health

II. WRITE AN ESSAYDefinition: is a piece of writing several paragraphs long instead of just one or two paragraphs. You have to write several paragraphs, one for each major point, then you must tie all of the separate paragraphs together by adding an introduction and a conclusion.An essay has 3 main parts:1.An introductory paragraph2.A body ( usually 2 or more paragraphs)3.A conclusing parapraphThe introductory paragraph: consists of 2 parts: a few general statements about your subject to attact your readers attention, and a thesis stament, to state the specific subdivision of your topic and/or the plan of your paper. A thesis statement for an essay is jusk like a topic sentence for a paragraph: it names the specific topic and the controlling ideas or major subdivisions of the topic.The body consists of one or more paragraphs. Each paragraph develops a sub-division of your topic, it is like the same of the main supporting points of a paragraph. Furthermore, just as you can organize the ideas in a paragraph bby chronological order and by order of importance, you can organize the paragraph in an essay in the same way.The conclusion in an essay, like the concluding sentence in a paragraph, is a summary or review of the mains points discussed in the body.THE INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH General statements: + introduce the topic of the essay + Give background information on the topic Thesis statement: is the most important sentence in the introduction. It states the main topic, lists the subdivisions of the topic, may indicate the method of organization of the entire paper, is usually the last sentence in the introductory paragraph.E.x: Advantages and disavantages of living in the 21st century.A person born in the twenty first century has seen a lot of changes take place in almost areas of human life. Some people are excited by the challenges that these changes offer; others want to return to the simpler, less automated life style of the past. Living in the 21st century has certain advantatages such as a higher standard of living, but is also has some disadvantages such as a polluted envirnment, the depersonalization of human relationships, and the weakening of spiritual values.THE CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH 1.a summary of the main points or 2.a restatement of your thesis in different wordsand3.your final comment on the subject.E.x: In conclusion, although the 21st century has indeed given us a lot of advantages by making us richer, healthier and freer to enjoy our lives, it has, in my opinion, not make us wiser. The 21st century has also made our Earth dirtier, our benefits of technological advancements because they free us to pursue our interests ans goals. However, we must make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in an increasingly impersonal, mechanized world.Execise:1. Advantages and disadvantages of going by public transport? for example by busI. Nhn din dng :Loi 1 : ArgumentativeThng l dng cu hi sau cho 2 kin tri chiu v To what extend do you agree or disagree hoc what are you opinion on this Dng ny yu cu ngi vit phi ng v 1 quan im v bo v quan im C ni ln kin ca mnh Vd : c ngi ni rng nghin cu v tr l khng cn thit nhng c ngi li ni rng n hu ch, bn c ng hay ko => chn 1 trong 2 quan im trn v bo v n, C ni ln quan im ca mnh. Loi ny ra thng xuyn nht v n yu cu ngi vit phi c quan im ring ng no v yu cu kin thc x hi nhiuLoi 2 : Discussing*Lu : d nhm ln vi loi 1 trn Cng cho 2 kin tri chiu nhau nhng hi Discuss these two views Dng ny yu cu ngi vit phi m rng, gii thch 2 kin tri chiu nhau- ngha l ngi vit ch gii thch 2 m a ra khng ni ln kin ca mnh Vd : c ngi ni rng nghin cu v tr l khng cn thit nhng c ngi li ni rng n hu ch, bn hy cho bit quan im ca 2 kin trn l nh th noLoi 3 : Advantages v Disadvantagesdng : cho bit u v nhc im ca 1 xu hng no Vd : hy cho bit u v nhc im ca vic pht trin du lch ngy nay.Loi 4 : Causes and Effects / Problems and Solutions a ra 1 hin tng no , yu cu tm ra nhng nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng v nhng tc ng ca n / nguyn nhn v nhng gii php cho hin tng Vd : ngy cng c nhiu ngi ri b vng qu ln thnh ph,, hy tm nhng nguyn nhn dn ti xu hng ny v nhng tc ng ca n / hy tm ra nhng gii php hn ch hin tng nyII. Sn chung1 bi essay hon chnh phi gm y c 3 phn ( m bi, thn bi, kt lun ) Nn nu trong lc vit bn ang vit d thn bi nhng sp ht gi th hy dng v vit ngay 1 ci kt cho bi vn, sau mi quay ln vit tip on cn d. Nh vy th tnh cht ch v lin mch s vn c m bo ( cc yu t cn li l ng php cao, t vng rng v idea ) 1 bi tt trong IELTS l bi c 4 on : 1 m bi, 1 kt bi, 2 on body. Thn bi tt cn c 2 on. Mi on phi c 1 ch o chnh v c trnh by ngay cu u tin ca on, sau l ph gii thch cho chnh , tip theo l 1 v d cho ny, 1 cu kt thc on.III. Sn cho tng dng

3. Advantage and Disadvantage essay SynonymAdvantageDisadvantagePros (Ci hay) Cons (Ci d)Benefit CostThe up/bright side (Mt tch cc) The down/dark side (Mt tiu cc)The plus (Bn cng) The minus (Bn tr)The bonus The shortcomingThe benefit The drawbackOutline

- Introduction- Body 1 : Ad 1 + Ad 2 + Example- Body 2 : disad 1 + disad 2 + Example- ConclusionI. IntroductionStarting paragraph:Rephrase the topic and State what is required- It cannot be denied that - It is an indisputable (khng bn ci) fact that - In recent times, the general tendency has been that - The prevalence (s ph bin/thnh hnh) of has been a growing cocern in the past few years.- Its quite common today for - X has become more popular than ever before- X has gained in popularity in recent years, - X has become a growing trend in many countries

Introducing Ad & Disad:Neutral, Sitting at a fence (trung lp)- Like in everything else, there are undoubtedly two sides to this issue - The pros and cons of this issue have been much debated upon - There are certainly some benefits as well as drawbacks to this scenario - This situation has surely carried along with it both advantages and disadvantages.- In my opinion, while there have certainly have been positive consequences to this development, the inconveniences it has brought about should not be overlooked (forgetted, ignored) - Just as a coin has two sides, so does this trend have both advantages and disadvantages...- X has had both positive and negative effects on our lives - As with all developments, X has brought both benefits and drawbacks to our livesClosing the paragraph/introducing body- and both will outline below.- and this essay will tackle (gii quyt) the most important ones.- and this essay aims to highlight both.OR- whether or notRephrase the topicis a controversial question. Supporters of thismain topicclaim thatState what is required. However, many other people, believe that another,State what is required.Each of these views has its own merit.II. BodyAd 1:Topic sentence : Transitional device+ Topic+ Ad+ Explaination (supporting sentences)- There are strong/plausible reason for supporting the former view. First, the opinion/idea ofMain topicstands to reason. To begin with,Supporting idea sentence- The most obvious benefit gained from this change is - A very common gain of these circumtances is - For starters, one positive outcome of this is Ad 2:Topic sentence : Transitional device+ Topic+ Ad+ Explaination (supporting sentences)- Another valuable result of this is - This scenario could also be favorable in terms of (v mt) - I shouldnt forget to point out how this change could bring about the positive consequence (h qu) that Example- This could be exemplified (minh ha bng v d) by - As evidence of this, - Let me take as an proof/exampleDisad 1- Of course, there are also strong arguments in favour of (c li cho) the latter view/opinion/idea. One is that - Nevertheless, the idea ofdisadis also well-grounded (ng tin cy, c c s, c da trn thc t, c chng minh). For one reason, - Of course, the primary weakness of this suggestion is that - On the other hand, this change could be detrimental (bt li) in terms of - Regardless of these advantages, one negative outcome that needs to be addresses (talk about) is - However, we should not turn a blind eye on the expected undesirable outcomes, one of which is the Disad 2- To make matters worse, this scenario could also - Another threat worth preparing for is - . is another dangerous possibility.Example- A good case in point would be - This could be proven by the fact that - would serve as an excellent example.- For example, - The most obvious example to prove is that.- To prove my point, - Let us take the case of - A good case in point would be- .. would be an example worth mentioning.

III. Conclusion- In conclusion, it is clear that while this development has ensured several necessary changes, it has also made society vulnerable (mong manh d v) to some unplesant ones.- I would like to conclude by saying then that society needs to be aware of both positive and negative consequences before any action that can alter thestatus will be taken.- To sum up, it is imperative (bt buc) tothoroughly examine(xem xt trit ) both strengths and weaknesses of this suggestion before it can be applied.

II. Cause and effect ( problems and solutions)

Outline

- Introduction- Body + Causes (problems) + Effects ( Solutions)- Conclusionproblems and solutionsDetails:

Introduction: - general statement : - In large number around the world, people are nowadays expressing a deeply growing concern that...... - It is a well-known fact that + clause - Thesis: * Problems and solutions: ( statating your opinion), there are several effects/ problems caused by this adverse trend. However, i believe, there are several measures to address/tackle/ overcome this problem. - There are several potential solutions which i believe would be effective.- There are a number of factors/ solutions that need to be considered such as.....

Body 1 : Problems - One of the most obvious prolems is ......................

- Another worrying trend is................ - The third deleterious effect is

Body 2: Solutions: - To tackle this problem, I think the most obvious solution for....is to......- A further step/ Another option/possibility/ good idea is to...- Furthermore, X could be solved by....... ( is the best way to....)

Conclusion : In a nutshell ( In short, In conclusion,......)

Cause and effect - Introduction:

+ Discussion essay: y l loi kh nht trong writing task 2 .Thng thng trong topic s c 2 lung kin v mc ch l ngi vit phi vit trn quan im ca 2 lung kin .

Eg:Some people said the age of books is past. The information will be presented by video, computers, televisions, films. Others think the books and the written words will be necessary for spread information and complete education. Discuss

Topic: Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Outline- Introduction- Body 1 : first point(better side)+ supporting sentences + example- Body 2 : contrary side + attack + example for explanation- ConclusionIntroduction:Raise topic + Your viewStarting paragraph:Rephrase the topic and State what is required- There is an increasingly growing popular idea thatRephrase the topic.- There is a popular claim thatRephrase the topic.- In large number around the world, people are nowadays expressing a deeply growing concern about.- There are some people who hold the view/ opinion that..While others, by constrast, argue that..- I strongly support the idea that ..- It is my firm belief that ..- I am of the opinion that ..- Personally, I am better convinced of the latter/former view.- In my opnion/view, this level of education should/shouldnt be free for the following reasons.

- .. for reasons I will outline below.- .. and this essay will tackle the most important reasons why ..- .. and I will give the reasons to prove so in this essay.- As a consequence, there has been an endless controversial issue and the question is whether ..- Such idea, however, has raised different arguments among people of concern- However, there are many arguments for and against the idea.....of X

OR

-Asking a question(the very simplest)Eg 1 : Should university students be obligated/required to cover the whole cost of their studies ? In my opnion/view, this level of education should/shouldnt be free for the following reasons.Eg 2 : Do all the technologies available to individuals today have greater advantages than disadvantages ? I firmly believe if properly used/exploited (khai thc), all of them have much greater benefits than harms.OR-Criving relevant or Striking or Sensational facts/statisticsCch m bi gy n tng mnh m, git gnEg : In Germany, Finland, and some others European countries, higher recent years, three countries have seen drops in their academic standards. It is, therefore, suggested that student should be obligated to pay for their own studiess. I agree/disagree this statement/opinion for several reasons.OR-whether or notEg 1 : Whether or not good quality products could sell themselves without advertising is a controversial question. Some people would say yes, arguing that quality is of paramount importance. Others, however, claim that quality alone is not enough to ensure in large quantities. Personally, I am better convinced of the latter/former view.Eg 2 : Whether or not the current direct contact mode of teaching seen in all level of education today will have become history by 2050 is a question of much controversy. Supporter of this conventional (tp qun, thi quen) teaching method claim that it still will be of value by then. However, many people, myself included, believe that another, more techonogy based mode of teaching will replace it.Lu rng vi cch m bi ny. Bn nn trnh by tun t nhm kin ng h trc, ri sau l nhm kin phn i. Thm na l bn khng nn s dng cc isolate word (t l) nu m ch frequency/quantities. V d- Always --> almost/virtually/practically/nearly always- Never --> rarely/hardly/seldom never- All --> almost all- Every --> almost/nearly everyoneBody1 :Transitional device + Topic sentence + Explanation + reason- To begin with, - In the first place, it is irrefutable that- Some people believe that .....- There are quite plausible reasons for.......- People in favour of..........argue that........

- Another point I would like to make is that - We should also recognize the fact that- It is also important to realize that- For example, - The most obvious example to prove is that.- To prove my point, - Let us take the case of - A good case in point would be- .. would be an example worth mentioning.Body 2 : Counter Argumentation :Other side+ Attack+ Example- On the other hand, without doubt, there is a wide range of evidences for supporters to defend their idea that..........- Yet there is a point of view that..- Others of the opinion that - However, there are also strong reasons why - It is a well-documented fact that.......- Of course, there is no deny the fact that - Admittedly (phi cng nhn rng), it could also be said that - I would not go so far as to deny that - Some people continue to claim that - On the other hand, some people argue that...Opponents of the ideas say that....I find it hard to agree because...Those who disagree (agree) point out that...There may be some truth in their argument, however, it can not be denied that...Although some people think that..., such....Others may argue that....This is partly true, then again....Others may think that....This point has some merits on its surface. However....

Conclusion :Summarize + Restate opinion/topic

- In a nutshell,- In conclusion/To conclude, - Therefore, - To sum up, - In short,

- After discussing all the points mentioned above, I can finally conclude that - It is therefore safe to say, considering all the factors given, that - All in all, regardless of the points to the contrary, it can be concluded that - Generally speaking then, it is clear that - Considering all arguments put forward, I have arrived at the conclusion that - It can therefore be concluded that......

Give opinion:

- Accordingly, I hold firmly to the belief that- All things considered, i am convinced that - personally, I believe that...............- On balance, I am better convinced that - Both side examined, I am in favour of the view that

- Still (hn na), I would like to emphasize that .- However, I still stand by what I said that .- I reiterate (nhc li rng) however that - Nonetheless, it is more important to remember that - What they must realize is that - The above arguments convince me that ....

Example:The only way to reduce the amount of traffic in cities today is on reducing the need for people to travel from home for work, education and shopping. To what extent do you agree?

In large number around the world, people are nowadays expressing a deeply growing concern about the traffic status in cities. There are some people who hold the view that the reduction of the need of traveling from and to work, school or shopping center is the only method to improve this situation. As a consequence, there has been an endless controversial issue and the question is whether there is only one way to remedy the traffic or not.

In the first place, it is irrefutable that decreasing in the need of going to and from work, school or shopping center is a good way to reduce the pressure of traffic. The most obvious example to prove is that the rush hours always are exactly the time people going to or from their office or school. Moreover, in the holidays, the number of people using their own transportation increase dramatically, specially the road to shopping center and other enternmaint places are overcrowded. Apparently, so by such solution, traffic in big cities could be improved.

On the other hand, without doubt, there is a wide range of evidences for supporters to defend their idea that reducing the need of using transportation is not the only one way. It is a well-documented fact that the congestion often happen in the roads having bottleneck. Hence, improving the infrastructre is considered another way of dealing with this situation. Furthermore, the lack of public tranports and explosion of private ones are general accepted reason leading to this problem. Therefore, an increase of public transports replacing individuals should be the best way to some certain extent.

In a nutshell, although the reduction in need might be a good way, there is no denying that it is not the only way. Accordingly, I hold firmly to the belief that traffic problem is complicated issue and in order to completely tackle, we need to take a variety of solutions.

Discuss both views and give your opinionCch 1Intro : A > BPara 1 : Your sidePara 2 : Other side AttackConclusion : A > B- On balance, I am better convinced that - Both side examined, I am in favour of the view that V cch trnh by dng bi ny ging vi dng Ad & Disad. im khc l kh 3 khi bn v Disad, c trnh by di dng Counter Argument tc l bn a ra kha cnh khc ca vn . Sau a ra quan im ca mnh ph nh n. Sau a ra Example thm thuyt phc. Phn kt lun ngoi cc cu v thng v pht, bn phi a ra quan im ca mnh cho vn .Cch 2IntroPara 1 : Ad A + Disad BPara 2 : Ad B + Disad AConclusion : Both side considered, it is hard to say whether one should prioritiseboth side topic.Hoc s dng conclusion ca Ad v Disad.BrainstormBn k 2 ct (agree vs disagree/ad vs disad) v vit tt c cc idea bn c th ngh ra d l n v dng nht. Sau lng cc nhm idea c v ging nhau li, paraphrase chng.

1. Loi 1 : ArgumentA. M biV l dng tranh lun nn cn phi ni ln quan im ca mnh ngay trn m bi, thng l cu nm st cu cui cng. Cu cui cng l cu ni ln nhng kin support cho quan im ca ng vit ( thng l 2 ), cu cui ny rt quan trng v nguyn phn body, gm 2 pagagraph phi gn b vi 2 kin ny 1 cch ln lt. Nu nh body m i lc khi 2 ny l sai v mt im. Nhng trong bi hng dn ny ti hng dn cc bn cch vit cu cui an ton, nh th c th pht trin body khng cn worries c b lc khi chnh xc nh hay khng. 1:internet pht trin trn khp th gii v tr nn ph bin vi mi ngi. vy liu the internet s lm mi ngi suy ngh v hnh ng nh nhau, quan im ca bn nh th no?The internet has developed around the world and become popular with all people. So, could it cause people to think and act the same? What is your opinion?The past 50 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the availability of the Internet. It is indisputable (tranh lun) that it has brought significant benefits to our lives in many spheres such as economy and science. Yet, this raises a certain problem as to whether the Internet will cause its users throughout the world to think and act in the same way or not. While there are valid arguments to the contrary, it is my position that the Internet is not capable of inducing (thuyt phc) people to think and act the same. There are two reasons for my perspective on this 2:c ngi ni ht thuc khng tt v nn b cm hon tan, bn c ng khng. Some people argue that smoking should be banned because of its adverse effects on health. Do you agree or disagree with this proposition?The past 50 years have witnessed an increase in number of people who have died from smoking-related diseases. This raises a certain problem as to whether tobacco should be banned or not. While there are valid arguments to the contrary, it is my position that tobacco and its products should indeed be made illegal. There are two reasons for my perspective on this. 3 :c ngi ni khng nn cu nhng con ng vt ang trn b vc tuyt chng v chng khng c ch n vi cuc sng con ngi, bn c ng khng Some people argue that we should not rescue the animals that are nearing extinction because they are not useful for human life.The past 50 years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of animals that have become extinct out. This raises a certain problem as to whether humans should attempt to save endangered species or not.While there are valid arguments to the contrary, it is my position that they should in fact be preserved. There are two reasons for my perspective about this.B. Thn bi :Thn bi ca dng argument phi gm 2 support cho quan im ( ng / khng ng ) nn ngi chm thng nhn vo 2 cu u tiu ca 2 paragraph xem c ng sn hay khng. Sn hay v chun thng nh sau. Ch mi paragraph phi c 1 cu u l bao trm cho on. cc cu sau gii thch cho ny, c 1 cu v d, v 1 cu kt. 1 :Firstly, one point that is absolutely pivotal is the fact that individuals in reality have different approaches to reaching their opinions about certain problems. Although the Internet has connected many isolated or less well developed communities to the modern world, each culture has its own values, which strongly impact its residents. Further, male and female naturally have distinct features, which mean they frequently do not respond identically to major issues. Especially in contemporary societies these days, the approach to the right of freedom in publicly expression of opinions have been legitimized by legislation in some countries. The American legal system could be taken as a particularly salient example of this.Equally importantly, the Internet has gained currency word wide. In spite of this fact, a vast amount of material on the internet is difficult to obtain.. The Internet is still constrained in several nations due to rigid government policies which restrict citizens from accessing sensitive information, which is often considered illegal. Thus, it doesnt mean that the development of the Internet could result in uniformity of ideas and opinions. For instance, social networks such as Face book and Twitter have been recently prohibited unofficially in both Vietnam and China in an attempt to prevent changes in the political conditions in these socialist countries.C. Kt bi : 1:In conclusion, I would agree that the Internet has placed the entire the world at our fingertips and it is fairly straightforward to access it. Nevertheless, uniformity of thought, speech or action is highly unlikely to occur in the foreseeable future, given the differences in traits among people and the restrictions on the free flow of information in certain countries.Topic:

Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of

technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?

Has this become a positive or negative development?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own

knowledge and/or experience. Write at least 250 words.

Example 1 (band 6)

Advancement in technology has resulted in a significant change of ways, the people

interact with each other as these days cheap and easily options are available.

The current wide availability of cell phones and internet has resulted in a resistance

among people to physically meet and interact because people think that when they can

communicate with their relatives and friends without physically meeting there, so why not

interacting with them virtually. This has a significant bearing on the relationship people

make only because meeting personally actually give people a sense of satisfaction and

care. I know one of my neighbours, was complaining me about the same sort of

incident. There lives an old man who is living alone as his only son is doing a job in

different city. Several years before, his son was used to visit his father personally,

however, as he could communicate now more on internet, his physical visits had

reduced. The old men misses him a lot these days.

Ideally, the technology benefits should be enriched in such a way that it should not

negatively affects humans lives. Unfortunately this doesnt seems to be the case.

People focusing on saving money, is not giving true importance to the relationships. For

families/friends living in different countries, this is certainly a good deal but when your

relatives and friends are living within the same city/country, one should ensure that using

technology should not prevent tem from taking care of their families.

I was attending a seminar in which the topic was focused on impact of technology.

The panel was discussing their knowledge that people complain them that now friends

and families only communicate when they think they have time because when someone

knows that he has options to communicate whenever he wants, then there is a tendency

to procrastinate.

The relationships and feelings are true assets of people, therefore, it is indispensible to

ensure that although one should take benefits from advancements in technology but

should not target their beloved ones from fulfilling their duty to care and give proper

attention.

Example 2 (band 9)

It is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication between people. Technology has affected relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both positive and negative effects.

Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life. Firstly, telephones and the Internet allow business people in different countries to interact without ever meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for relationships between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take video lessons with a teacher in a different city or country. Finally, many people use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find people who share common interests, and they interact through their computers rather than face to face.

On the one hand, these developments can be extremely positive. Cooperation between people in different countries was much more difficult when communication was limited to written letters or telegrams. Nowadays, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good as face-to-face meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social contexts. On the other hand, the availability of new communication technologies can also have the result of isolating people and discouraging real interaction. For example, many young people choose to make friends online rather than mix with their peers in the real world, and these virtual relationships are a poor substitute for real friendships.

In conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised communication between people, but not all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive.

Dn bi IELTS Writing task 2C 3 loi essay trong Writing Task 2 l: Argumentative essay, discussion essay v account essay.

+ Argumentative essay: Thng trong topic s c 1 statement v kt thc bi nhng cu hi nh: Do you agree or disagree with the above statement hoc To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? hoc To what extent would you support or reject the idea of moving these subjects from school curriculum?

dng essay ny, cch trnh by c th hin nh sau

- Introduction: paraphrasing of the essay statement (khng rewrite statement) + thesis statement ni ln opinion ca ngi vit l agree or disagree with the statement. Template:

Many people think that ....However I feel...According to some people....Personally I believe....Some people are of the opinion that...Nevertheless, I think...

EG:Topic: Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

My introduction:Many people think that universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. In my opinion, universities are places where we choose to continue to study and no matter if you are a woman or a man, so there is no need to distinguish male from female students there. (...for some following reasons (optional))

- Body paragraph: Thng c 2 on trong phn Body. on 1 ni v l do ti sao ngi vit li agree or disagree with the statement, trnh by theo nhng cch n gin nh: The first reason is...., the second reason is....My main reason is...., Another justification is..., Last but not least....on 2 ni v refuting the opposing idea. Tc l ngi vit s a ra kin ca nhng ngi tri ngc ti sao li c suy ngh tri ngc vi mnh nhng sau s dng cch lp lun phn bc li kin (nhng ch khng c a ra kin lp li vi nhng l do nu trn, v vy nn dnh 1 l do nu trn cho kin di ny).Template nh sau:Opponents of the ideas say that....I find it hard to agree because...Those who disagree (agree) point out that...There may be some truth in their argument, however, it can not be denied that...Although some people think that..., such....Others may argue that....This is partly true, then again....Others may think that....This point has some merits on its surface. However....

- Conclusion: Restate what you think and make any suggestions if you want.

+ Account essay: Tham kho bn topic: [Discuss] Essays in Writing Task 2 in IELTS ti link: http://www.olympiavn.org/forum/index.php?topic=33912.0

REFUTING THE OPPOSING IDEA IN AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

I. What is refuting- Refuting an opposing view means that you have to prove that the argument of those who disagree with you is wrong. This makes your arguments stronger and more convincing.- A good argument always takes the opposing point of view seriously. Refuting is often used in an argumentative/persuasive essay.ExampleTopic: Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Whether to make school uniforms compulsory or not has long been a controvesial issue. Students are required to wear uniforms at some high schools while are allowed to wear what they want at others. I am personally inclined to agree with the mandatory use of unifors at high school for a number of obvious benefits this policy offers.One of the most obvious benefits of such a policy is that it makes high school more affordable for both students and their parents. Clothing, especially trendy, fashionable clothing, is very expensive and teenagers usually want to have several different outfits in their wardrobes and for some, the more the better. When there is no possibility of dressing fashionably at school, a studentss clothing bill will go down drastically.

Furthermore wearing the same school uniform as everyone else eliminates a significant source of discomfort and self-consciousness for many teenagers: the uncertainty that what they are wearing is right. Such anxiety interferes with a students ability to act in ways that show his or her personality to advantage.Finally, a mandatory school-uniform policy will reduce the amount of teasing and bullying among students. Currently, many students are teased or put down simply because they dress differently from everyone else or because they cant afford to dress like the majority. Once all students wear the same uniform, there will be much less opportunity for these kinds of intimidating behaviors.

Opponents of uniforms at school argue that the policy may create a boring scholl environment since all students wear the same things and this can discourage students from learning effectively. I find it hard to agree with this argument since whether a school environment is interesting or not depends on a number of factors including teaching methods, extra-curricular activities other than students outfits. Another opposing view of uniforms is that students should have freedom to show their diversity through the way they dress. This is partly true, then again, the main purpose of school is to provide an environment for students to learn and obtain knowledge and skills, not a place to show their fashions. They have a lot of chance to do this outside school. Futhermore, your outfit is not necessarily the only way to demonstrate diversity at school. Diversity may be the variations in thinking, ways of learning, personalities.

For all the above reasons, I believe that students should be required to wear uniforms at school. Perhaps, each school can ask students opinions on the way its uniform is designed so that at least the uniform can reflect their needs and taste and thus can be more welcomed by its users.

II. Structures for Refuting an opposing viewa. Concessional disagreementOpponents of the idea say that.There may be some truth in their argument, however, it can not be denied thatThose who disagree point out that. Perhaps this is true, but it can not be denied thatThose who disagree point out that.This is partly true, then again,..Those who disagree point out that.This point has some merits on its surface. However,b. Mild disagreementAlthough some people think that, suchOthers may argue that, I find it hard to agree because.Others may argue that Nevertheless, I can not agree for the following reasons.IELTS Writing: connective words

These connective words are awesome, but they wont help you if you are seeing them for the first time and dont know how to use them in a sentence. So now, I am repeating the whole list with examples, where appropriate.

Addition

in addition In addition, I would like to point out that my neighbor is disturbing me late at night.

and similarlyYour life will change forever and similarly, your whole family will feel the change.

likewise Some people have little time for a hobby, and have likewise little will to get one.

as well asBeauty, as well as smarts, is a remarkable quality

besides We arent friends. Besides, I dont feel its my place to set him straight.

furthermoreComputers are getting faster and faster these days; furthermore, their cost is getting lower and lower.

alsomoreoverIve wanting a change for a long time, moreover, I feel I deserve one.

and then too not only but alsoNot only this product is good for your hair, but also for the whole body.

Sequence

first(ly) initiallyInitially, you would start putting a plan together.

second(ly) to begin withTo begin with, you will need to commit a portion of your time to studying.

thennext earlier/laterLater on there comes a stage when your skills are put to a test.

after this/thatfollowing this/thatConsequence

as a resultI studied well and as a result, I got a high score.

thus so thereforeI was younger and therefore, less experienced.

consequentlyit follows thatthereby I upset my friend, thereby causing her pain.

eventuallythen in that caseadmittedlyAdmittedly, he is the smartest person I know.

Contrast

however The book is expensive, however its worth it.

on the other handShe says she feels fine, on the other hand, her face is pale and she doesnt look healthy.

despite in spite ofIn spite of the difficulties, the task was completed.

though He still insists, though he knows that wont do any good.

although buton the contraryThe music didnt lift her spirit, on contrary, it made her feel weak and vulnerable again.

otherwise yet instead ofHe felt unwelcome, yet instead of leaving, he stayed.

rather Eggs for breakfast is not a good idea, I would rather have some toast.

whereasHe was her true love, whereas for him she was just another girlfriend.

nonethelessWhile they didnt trust each other, nonetheless they worked together for many years.

RES_Reliable English SchoolRES ( Reliable English School )l trung tm ngoi ng chuyn vluyn thi IELTS, TOEICvting anh giao tip cht lng, hin c c s ti H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh vi i ng gio vin bn x (Anh, c, M, Canada) nhiu kinh nghim, chuyn mn cao. D ch mi thnh lp t thng 05/2008 nhng RES nhanh chng t c v tr s 1 v luyn thi IELTS ti H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh nh vo cht lng gio vin nc ngoi sut sc quen thuc vi sinh vin nhiu trng H Ngoi Thng, Quc Gia, Kinh t, Ngn cng i ng t vn, nhn vin tn tm v chuyn nghip. Thnh tch ni bt ca RES l c 3 hc vin t 8.5 IELTS, hn 50 hc vin t 8.0 IELTS v hng trm hc vin t 7.5.ng link bng im hc vin xut sc ti RESCho c nh,

Trong bi vit ln ny, San a ra thm hai v d v Writing Task 2 c im 6.0 v 8.5/9.0 v hi vng s gip mi ngi bit lm th no vit tt trong phn thi vit th hai ca IELTS.

Trong v d u tin, ngi vit mc mt s li ng php, t vng v nh vn--> Band 6.0

Trong v d th hai, ngi vit kt hp dng ng php v t vng c bn ln phc tp m khng mc li. Bi vit loogic v d hiu --> Band 8.5/9.0

MARCH 2, 20128:20 AMCc lu cho Writing Task 2By Minh HoaRt nhiu trng i hc yu cu tng im IELTS phi trn 6.5 v khng c mn no di 6. Tuy nhin, iu ny li gy ra tr ngi cho khng t th sinh bi cc k nng khc tm n ri nhng li dnh con writing 5.5. iu ny qu tht rt ng tic bi k thc ly im 6 writing th bn cn lu mt vi im sau: u tin l tng cho bi vit. tr gip ci ny bn c th tham kho sch ca Ideas topic for IELTS ca thy Simon m mnh review li kh k cng trongnote. Mt lu nh y l bt c khi no kt thc mt idea v chuyn sang bn lun vn khc th bn nn s dng cc linking words bo hiu cho c gi iu ny. y chnh l b kp ca band 6 or 7 khi bit dng t ni cc loi ng cch nhm lm tng tnh mch lc ton on vn. Vn th 2 quyt nh band im bi vit ca bn chnh ltnh gn kt ca cc , cc cu vi nhau to thnh mt th thng nht, hon chnh. Theo logic thng thng th ngi vit phi trnh by cc ideas theo dng zic-zac vi i tng bn lun ca cu trc s c cp li mt phn trong cu sau. Nh vy yu cu ca mt on vn mch lc chnh l cu sau lp li mt phn ch th ca cu trc v a ra mt vi thng tin mi. Cn c vo s c 2tnh hung xy ra khi m1/ cu vn ca bn mt lin lc khi bt thnh lnh a ra mt ni dung ko lin quan g n nhng phn pha trc v v hnh chung tr nn lc lng gia ton on. Li ny hay gp nht cc developing sentences bi ni dung m n cn h tr nhiu khi khng n nhp vi ch . Do , cn cn trng trong vic la chn supporting ideas nu mun nng im vit ca mnh. Tnh hung th 2 l mc d bn nhc li ch th nhng li ch loanh quanh restate n m khng a ra c thng tin ng gi no. Li ny thm ch cn gp c trong ting Vit vi li ph thng gp l vn lng cng. Nh vy gip c nh tng imcoherence and cohesionth mnh a ra 3 gii php:Cch u tin n gin nht l nhc li keywords ca cu trc khi vit cu tip theo. Phng php ny c th dng khi b t v thi gian khng cho php nhng tuyt i khng c lm dng nu khng mun b tr im.Do cch th 2 cho php khc phc nhc im trn khi s dng synonyms ca ch th, va avoid repetition va show c vn t ca mnh. Nh th li mt ln na vn hc t ng cch cn c lu tm.Gii php cui cng l s dng pronouns hay demonstratives nh this, these, that, those, suchnhm nhc li ch th cu trc mt cch ngn gn (xin xem li chng 8 cun Grammar for IELTS ca Diana Hopkin v ni dung ny). Tip theo lng phpbi n chim tng im writing ca bn. C th y mnh mun cp chnh l vica dng cc loi cus dng trong ton bi. Bn thn mnh tng c 1 vi bi vit thuc dng monotonous ngha l gn nh mi cu trong bi ch c vit theo 1 format: subject and verb nn mc d n khng c li grammar no ng k nhng vn khng c nh gi cao. x l iu ny th cn a vo nhiu loi cu khc nhau nh:- Prepositional phrase: After lunch, she can have a little bit of free time- Verbal phrase:Being a housewifein Iran can mean no job, career or social activity.- Adverb:Admittedly, globalization has been occurring throughout the world.- Adverb clause:After everybody leaves home, she starts cleaning the house and washing clothes.- Combine sentences (and, but)- Complex sentences (which, that, while, whereas) Nhiu th sinh hi hng process v khng bit lm th no gn kt my ci hnh v v mi tn ri rc nhau li. Thc ra gii quyt vn th ch n gin l avoid monotonous trong writing diagram bng cch s dng a dng nhng kiu cu trn. Ngoi ra, n cng gip bn trnh c 1 li na cng hay gp l dch word by word khi vit bi nu ch s dng cu kiu subject and verb th bn mi ch vit ra idea dng th ch cha gt gia n theo cch din t academic. Mt iu na cn lu l t l cu n/ cu phc trong bi vit l 1/1 nn cn thit phi review li cch vit cu n academic (trong note v noun phrases c nh nh). Cui cng l bi vit phi mangtnh academicv lm c iu ny th bn cn phn bit gia formal v informal trong cch din t (xin xem li note 2bi vit 1 ni dung c c v d v mng ny). Nh th bn cn trnh cch din t informal nh vit tt (dont, wont..) hay bt u cu bng fanboys: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. ng thi hn ch a cc ngi I, you, we vo bi vit m thay n bng cc cch din t gin tip nh it is advisable that. Bn cnh cng cn s dng hi ha cc modal verbs (might, could, possibly, probability) bi vit formal v khch quan hn. Nm c tt c nhng iu trn ri th gi l lc bt tay vo luyn tp thi. Theo kinh nghim ca mnh th khng cn thit phi vit qu nhiu m thay vo nn u t chun b trc mi bi vit. D nhin mun vit tt th phi c nhiu nm c cch din t cng nh cu trc ng php hay m mnh c th p dng li. ng trc mt bi mi th ng nn hm h vit ngay m phi chun b kh k cng v ideas v t vng lin quan n ch cc dng academic, collocations and phrases. Nu cm thy cha t tin bn c th post bi ln mi ngi suggest cc ideas hay t vng lin quan. Khi vit xong ri th ng qun c li loi bt nhng li chnh t hay lp t m bn khng . Kt lun: Nhiu bn c ngh writing l k nng kh ko th nng cao c, tht ra b quyt ca n ch gi gn trong 2 chchm ch v khng s sai.Mnh tin chc mi ln c ngi khc ch ra li th chc chn bn s ghi nh n tt hn ln sau trnh vp phi. Tch cc vit + cha bi cng nhau c nh nh! PS: mnh cng nhn thy mt s bn c phn thiu t tin v khng c iu kin i hc trung tm ny n bi cho rng mn writing hay speaking th cn c gio trnh hay thy c. Tht ra iu ny khng c c s bi mi ngi l mt kh nng khc nhau v bn hon ton c th lm c vi quyt tm, n lc cng nh phng php ng n ^^C th l : Idea development one main idea ( v d tivi c hi cho communication trong gia nh ) several supporting/reasoning points ( a ra cc l do ti sao, mi l do l mt on ) specific examples ( a ra cc v d tht c th, nht l " ch mt t tn" lun cho v d ca mnh ) Essay organizationSau y l 4 kiu hay gp nht trong cc k thi ca ETS1. Agreeing or Disagreeing: Pick one of the two opposing views and defend your choice ( chn 1 trong 2 quan im tri chiu bi v bo v cho quan im ca mnh) E.g. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Televisionhas destroyed communication among friends and family. Type: argumentative and one-sided ( y l loi argumentative v ch 1 pha thi, chng ta ch bo v pha ca mnh m ko cn quan tm v pha ca i phng ) Introduction: Thesis statement and take stand ( nhc li bi bng ging vn ca bn v chn quan im m bn s bo v ) Body Arguments + evidence (chosen perspective) ( a ra nguyn nhn cho quan im v cc v d minh ha ) Counter-arguments + evidence + issues (optional) ( cc bn cng c th a ra nhng lun im ca i phng ri phn tch ra khim khuyt ca n; nh ni y l loi 1 pha nn ci ny l optional, nu bn cn thi gian th cho vo, ko c th thi, ko sao ) Conclusion Reinforcement of thesis ( nhc li quan im ca mnh thi )2. Stating a preference ( chn ci m bn thch hn trong 2 ci ) discuss/compare and contrast both sides of an issue. Youmust also state your own personal preference. ( bn cn ni v c hai v so snh chng v sau l a ra la chn ca mnh ) E.g. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience withknowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is moreimportant? Type: argumentative and two sided Introduction Thesis statement and take stand ( ging trn ) Body Arguments + evidence (1st perspective) ( a ra lun im nu ln li th ca quan im 1 v v d ) Arguments + evidence (2nd perspective) ( a ra lun im nu ln li th ca quan im 2 v v d ) Evaluation and position ( so snh v nh gi 2 quan im sau chn ci m mnh a hn ) Conclusion Reinforcement of thesis ( mt on na nhc li ci m mnh thch hn )3. Giving an explanation ( gii thch 1 hin tng no ) describe what something is, how it happened, why it occurs,or how it is different. E.g. People attend college or university for many different reasons. Whydo you think people attend college or university?( loi ny th l d nht ri, v chng ta ch phi tranh lun cho ng 1 pha v ch vic nu l do v v d support ) Type: argumentative and one-sided Introduction Thesis statement Body Arguments + evidence Conclusion Reinforcement of thesis4. Offering a solution determine what needs to be done in a hypothetical situation E.g. When students move to a new school, they sometimes faceproblems. How can schools help these students with their problems? Type: persuasive and one sided Introduction Thesis statement Recommended action ( nu lun ngh ca bn gii quyt vn ) Body Arguments + evidence Conclusion Reinforcement of thesis ( nhc li vn ) Recommended action ( nhc li ngh )i vi cc loi bi th khc nhau th chng ta c nhng mc tiu khc nhau: TOEFL/IELTS: focus more on HOW (writing mechanics, lineardevelopment, and academic vocabulary)

outline and paragraph structure ( phi t chc bi essay r rng, no ra , hy vit outline trc v in cc chnh vo cc on ri mi vit ) flow of ideas ( cc phi lin mch, tri chy, trong mt on ch nn i theo mt vi pht trin tuyn tnh ) linking words (cohesive devices or transitional phrases) ( gia cc cu v trong mt cu phi c mt mi lin kt r rng v cht ch ) Vocabulary vocabulary range ( s dng t vng hp l, ko nn c qu nhiu " big " words, mi on ch cn 1-2 t l c, th hin range ca mnh rt rng ) idiomatic expression ( nu s dng c cc idiom hp l th s rt tt cho bi vn, gip n t nhin hn ) Grammar sentence complexity ( c gng vit 1 vi cu phc vi 2-3 clauses tr ln th hin kh nng ng php ca mnh ) Stylistic issues spelling, punctuation and layout ( get rid of tt c nhng li silly ny, chng l ko ng c trong bt k bi essay no)