Vertebrates 14-1: Chordates 14-2: Fish 14-3: Amphibians 14-4: Reptiles 15-1: Birds 15-2: Mammals.
-
Upload
austin-price -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Vertebrates 14-1: Chordates 14-2: Fish 14-3: Amphibians 14-4: Reptiles 15-1: Birds 15-2: Mammals.
Vertebrates
14-1: Chordates14-2: Fish
14-3: Amphibians
14-4: Reptiles15-1: Birds
15-2: Mammals
14-1: Chordates• animals with these characteristics
o Notochord●firm but flexible tube that extends along
upper part of bodyo Postanal tailo Nerve cordo Pharyngeal pouches
Notochord Nerve Cord
• chordates include vertebrateso have all the chordate characteristicso also have:
● Endoskeleton– internal skeleton– made of bone & cartilage
● Backbone– made of vertebrae– replaces notochord– protects spinal nerve cord
● Skull– protects brain
Vertebrae
• Vertebrates grouped based on body temperature regulationo Ectotherms
●body temperature changes with surroundings
●“cold-blooded”o Endotherms
●regulate their own body temperature; stays constant
●“warm-blooded”
• 5 groups of vertebrateso Fisho Amphibianso Reptileso Birdso Mammals
14-2: Fish• Ectotherms• Tail• Fins
o fan-like structures attached to the endoskeleton
• Scaleso hard, thin plates that
cover the skin
• well-developed sensory systemo Ex. sharks & smell
• exchange CO2 and oxygen through• adaptations for obtaining food
o teeth, beaks, electric shock, filter feeding• reproduce sexually
o some internal, some external fertilization
gills
• Different groups of fisho Jawless fisho Cartilaginous fisho Bony fish
• Jawless Fisho no jaw bones, cartilage endoskeletono round, toothed mouthso long, tube-like bodieso no scales, slimy skino Hagfish, Lampreys
• Cartilaginous Fisho cartilage endoskeletono jaw bones with well-developed teetho tiny scales, sand-papery skino Sharks, Skates, Rays
• Bony fisho largest groupo bone endoskeletono swim bladdero 3 groups
●Lobe-finned●Lungfish●Ray-finned
14-3: Amphibians
• means “double life”• ectotherms• hibernation
o during cold weather• estivation
o during hot weather
• moist, smooth skin• no scales• breathe through skin or saclike
lungs
• Amphibian reproductiono sexualo external fertilization
●female lays eggs, male releases sperm over eggs
o eggs don’t have a protective shell—require water
• Metamorphosiso changes in body formo tadpole adulto occurs in all amphibians
Groups of Amphibians• Frogs & Toads
o four legso no neck or tailo tongue attached to front of mouth
Groups of Amphibians
• Salamanders & Newtso long, slender bodieso tails
14-4: Reptiles
• ectotherms• thick, dry waterproof skin• scales• breathe with lungs
--protection and water loss
• Reproductiono internal fertilization
●male fertilizes female●female lays eggs
o amniotic eggs● covered with shell &
contain everything needed for development
Groups of Reptiles
• Lizards & Snakeso unhinging jawso lizards have moveable eyelids & legs
with clawed toes
Groups of Reptiles
• Turtleso two-part shello no teeth
Groups of Reptiles
• Crocodilianso lizard-like in shapeo large scales on backso care for young