The The VertebratesVertebrates 1

CH 31 Part 1- OutlineCH 31 Part 1- OutlineChordatesChordates

Non-vertebrate ChordatesNon-vertebrate Chordates

­ Subphyum CephalochordataSubphyum Cephalochordata

­ Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Urochordata

VertebratesVertebrates

­ FishesFishes

­ AmphibiansAmphibians

­ ReptilesReptiles

­ BirdsBirds

­ MammalsMammals

The The VertebratesVertebrates 2Animal Animal

EvolutionEvolution3.5 3.5 BBillion years illion years ago first life on ago first life on EarthEarth

350 (or so) million 350 (or so) million years ago first years ago first tetrapods appeartetrapods appear

230 million years 230 million years ago first ago first mammals appearmammals appear

100,000 years ago 100,000 years ago modern humans modern humans

2

The The VertebratesVertebrates 3

Animal Animal EvolutionEvolution

3

The The VertebratesVertebrates 4

Pg 560aPg 560a

You should be able to completely fill out this chart (on the right) and the chart for chordates by the end of chapter 31.

 

What differentiates chordates from echinoderms?

 

 

What is a deuterostome again?

The The VertebratesVertebrates 5

ChordatesChordates

Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

Four Main CharacteristicsFour Main Characteristics

­NotochordNotochord

A dorsal supporting rodA dorsal supporting rod

­Nerve CordNerve Cord

Dorsal tubular nerve cordDorsal tubular nerve cord

Anterior portion becomes brainAnterior portion becomes brain

The The VertebratesVertebrates 6

ChordatesChordates

Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

Four Main CharacteristicsFour Main Characteristics

­Pharyngeal PouchesPharyngeal Pouches

Only seen in embryonic developmentOnly seen in embryonic development

­ TailTail

In embryo if not seen in adultIn embryo if not seen in adult

The The VertebratesVertebrates 7

Pg 560bPg 560b

The The VertebratesVertebrates 8

Invertebrate ChordatesInvertebrate Chordates

Notochord persists and is never Notochord persists and is never replaced by a vertebral columnreplaced by a vertebral column

(Subphylum Cephalochordata) - (Subphylum Cephalochordata) - LanceletsLancelets

­ lanceletslancelets

(Subphylum Urochordata) - Tunicates(Subphylum Urochordata) - Tunicates

­ sea squirtssea squirts

The The VertebratesVertebrates 9

Pg 560cPg 560c

The The VertebratesVertebrates 10

Figure 31.1aFigure 31.1a

The The VertebratesVertebrates 11

Figure Figure 31.1b31.1b

How are these animals different from other vertebrates you are familiar with (fish, amphibians,

etc.)??

The The VertebratesVertebrates 12Figure 31.2 - Sea squirt, Figure 31.2 - Sea squirt,

HalocynthiaHalocynthia

The The VertebratesVertebratesSea Squit 13

Sea Squirt Feeding Video!!

The The VertebratesVertebratesSea Salps 14

Sea Salps Video!!

The The VertebratesVertebrates 15

VertebratesVertebrates

Subphylum VertebrataSubphylum Vertebrata

Internal jointed skeleton of vertebrates is Internal jointed skeleton of vertebrates is living tissue that grows with the animalliving tissue that grows with the animal

Main axis of skeleton consists of vertebral Main axis of skeleton consists of vertebral columns and a skull that encloses the columns and a skull that encloses the brainbrain

­Cephalization is accompanied by sense Cephalization is accompanied by sense organsorgans

­ Evolution of jaws and predationEvolution of jaws and predation

­Amnion allows reproduction on landAmnion allows reproduction on land

16Phylogenetic Tree of the Chordates

17Phylogenetic Tree of the Chordates

The The VertebratesVertebrates 18

Vertebrate FeaturesVertebrate FeaturesLiving endoskeleton with vertebral columnLiving endoskeleton with vertebral column

Closed circulatory systemClosed circulatory system

Paired appendagesPaired appendages

Efficient respiration and excretionEfficient respiration and excretion

High degree of cephalizationHigh degree of cephalization

Adapted to active lifestylesAdapted to active lifestyles

How have these features allowed vertebrates to grow so large compared with the invertebrates?