administered by

Risk ControlFire safety in agricultural and horticultural premises

RC10First published 1979 Version 03

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IMPORTANT NOTICE

This document has been developed through the RISCAuthority andpublished by the Fire Protection Association (FPA). RISCAuthoritymembership comprises a group of UK insurers that actively supporta number of expert working groups developing and promulgatingbest practice for the protection of people, property, business and theenvironmentfromlossduetofireandotherrisks.Thetechnicalexpertisefor this document has been provided by the Technical Directorate oftheFPA, external consultants, andexperts from the insurance industrywhotogetherformthevariousRISCAuthorityWorkingGroups.Althoughproducedwithinsurerinputitdoesnot(andisnotintendedto)representapan-insurerperspective.Individualinsurancecompanieswillhavetheirown requirements which may be different from or not reflected in thecontentofthisdocument.

The FPA has made extensive efforts to check the accuracy of theinformationandadvicecontained in thisdocumentand it isbelievedtobeaccurateatthetimeofprinting.However,theFPAmakesnoguarantee,representation or warranty (express or implied) as to the accuracy orcompleteness of any information or advice contained in this document.Alladviceandrecommendationsarepresentedingoodfaithonthebasisofinformation,knowledgeandtechnologyasatthedateofpublicationofthisdocument.

Withoutprejudice to thegeneralityof the foregoing, theFPAmakesnoguarantee, representation or warranty (express or implied) that thisdocumentconsidersallsystems,equipmentandproceduresorstate-of-the-arttechnologiescurrentatthedateofthisdocument.

Use of, or reliance upon, this document, or any part of its content, isvoluntary and is at the user’s own risk. Anyone considering using orimplementinganyrecommendationoradvicewithinthisdocumentshouldrelyonhisorherownpersonal judgementor,asappropriate,seek theadviceofacompetentprofessionalandrelyonthatprofessional’sadvice.Nothinginthisdocumentreplacesorexcludes(norisintendedtoreplaceor exclude), entirely or in part, mandatory and/or legal requirementshowsoever arising (including without prejudice to the generality of theforegoinganysuchrequirementsformaintaininghealthandsafetyintheworkplace).

Except to the extent that it is unlawful to exclude any liability, the FPAaccepts no liability whatsoever for any direct, indirect or consequentiallossordamagearisinginanywayfromthepublicationofthisdocumentoranypartofit,oranyuseof,orrelianceplacedon,thecontentofthisdocumentoranypartofit.

CONTENTS

Scope 3

Synopsis 3

Definitions 3

Introduction 3

Recommendations 3

1.Firesafetymanagement 3

2.Businesscontinuity 5

3.Farmbuildings 5

4.Heatingandlighting 6

5.Animalaccommodation 6

6.Installationandmaintenanceofgraindryers 6

7. Storedmaterials 7

8.Crop,woodlandandundergrowthfires 9

9.Burningofwastematerials 9

10.Vehiclesandfarmequipment 10

11.Fireprotection 11

12.Lightningprotection 12

13.Securityagainstdeliberatefireraising 12

14.Checklist 13

AnnexA:Spontaneouscombustioninhay 27

AnnexB:Strawandstubbleburning–whatisallowed 28

AnnexC:Firesafetywhenburning 29

References 30

Furtherreading 31

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SCOPE

These recommendations apply to farms, agricultural and

horticultural undertakings, but do not relate to those parts of

thepremiseswhichmayformretailoutlets,suchasfarmshops

andgardencentres.Bootsales,markets,fetes,hunting,sports

days, camping sites, holiday accommodation and recreational

activitiescarriedouton farmlandarealsooutsidethescopeof

theserecommendations.

Theadviceshouldbereadinconjunctionwithotherin-depthadvice

onspecificfirehazardsandshouldbetaken intoconsideration

when riskassessmentsarecarriedout in compliancewith the

Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and equivalent

legislationinScotlandandNorthernIreland(refs.1to4)andthe

DangerousSubstancesandExplosiveAtmospheresRegulations

2002(DSEAR)(ref.5).

Throughout this document the term ‘agricultural premises’ has

been used for brevity and all such references also apply to

horticulturalpremises.

SYNOPSIS

Theserecommendationsaimtoraiseawarenessoftheproblem

offiresinfarmandotheragriculturalandhorticulturalpremises.

Practicaladvice ispresentedtoprotectstaffandvisitorstothe

premises, the animals, buildings, stored materials and crops.

Specificadviceispresentedregardinggrainsilos,haystacksand

thestorageofflammableliquids,herbicidesandotheragricultural

chemicals.

Adviceisalsopresentedtohelpreducetheincidenceofdeliberate

firesettingonfarmpropertyandelsewhereinthecountryside.

DEFINITIONS

Arson

Thistermisusedinagenericmannerinthisdocumenttoreferto

allformsofdeliberatefireraising,includingwilfulor‘culpableand

reckless’fireraisinginScotland.

INTRODUCTION

EveryyearintheUKsome1,700farmbuildingsand66,000acres

ofgrasslandaredestroyedbyfire.Animalsarekilledor injured

andthereisasignificantthreattothecontinuedoperationsofthe

business,aswellastolifesafetyandtheprotectionofthefarm

buildingsandrelatedproperty.Aseriousfireonafarmcanaffect

thefinancialstabilityofeventhemostwell-runbusiness.

Accidentalfiresmayresultfromelectricalequipment,smoking,or

thevariousprocessescarriedoutonthecrops.Thenumberof

visitorstothefarmmayalsogiverisetohazardouseventssuch

asbarbecuesanddiscardedbottleswhichcouldlaterfocusthe

sun’sraystocauseafire.

Abouthalfoffiresonagriculturalpropertyarestarteddeliberately,

as an act of vandalism. The isolated location of many farms

makesthemparticularlyvulnerabletoarson.Thereadyavailability

ofeasilyignitablematerialisasignificanthazardinthisrespect.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Fire safety management

1.1 Complyingwithfiresafetylegislation

1.1.1 The fire safety management strategy for a farm should,

likeinallothercommercialenterprises,considerpractical

passive,activeandmanagerialcontrolmeasuresaspart

ofthefireriskassessmentforthepremisesundertakenin

compliancewiththeRegulatoryReform(FireSafety)Order

2005 (or equivalent legislation in Scotland and Northern

Ireland)(refs.1to4).Themeasuresshouldinclude:

• theprovisionofsuitablemeansofescapetoaplaceof

safetyawayfromthefire;

• suitable fire detection and warning systems in case

offire;

• passivefireprotectionmeasures,includingappropriate

compartmentationoflargestructureswherenecessary,

togetherwiththeseparationofbuildingsandplant;

• portable firefighting equipment and automatic fire

protectionmeasures;

• theproductionoffireactionnoticestoinformstaffofthe

actionstobetakenifafireisdiscoveredorthefirealarm

sounds;and

• staff training in theactions to take in theeventoffire,

includingevacuationofanymembersofthepublicand

other visitors to the site, and the welfare of livestock.

Careshouldbetakeninthecaseofworkerswhosefirst

languageisnotEnglishthatthetraininghasbeenfully

understood.

While carrying out the fire risk assessment it is also

beneficial to consider measures for property protection

andbusinesscontinuity.Thus,thefollowingshouldalsobe

consideredatthistime:

• developinganemergencyplantoprotectpropertyand

ensurethecontinuedfunctioningofthebusinessinthe

caseoffire;

• undertaking a separate risk assessment for the

evacuation andhandlingof animals in an emergency,

thisshouldincludeidentifyingsaferoutesandholding

areasforlivestock;and

• ensuring awareness of areas where smoking is

prohibited. Where the public and visitors may be

present,signsprohibitingsmokingmaybenecessary.

1.1.2 An assessment in compliance with DSEAR (ref. 5)

shouldalsobeundertakenwhererefrigeratedstoresand

hazardous materials (such as significant quantities of

flammableliquids,gascylindersandagriculturalchemicals)

arepresentonthesite.AnassessmentunderDSEARis

also required where there may be dusty environments,

suchaswheregraindryingprocessesareundertaken.

1.2 Liaisonwiththefireandrescueservice

1.2.1 Periodic liaison should be maintained with the fire and

rescueservice.Itisimportanttoconsiderintheemergency

planthetimethatmayelapsebeforetheirarrivalandthe

availabilityoffurtherpumpsinthecaseofamajorincident.

1.2.2 Discussions should also address the availability ofwater

supplies,especiallyduringlong,hotsummermonths.

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1.2.3 Suitableaccessmustbegiventothevicinityofagricultural

buildings,silosandotherhighfirehazardareasforfireand

rescue service personnel and their equipment. Liaison

should be established with the fire and rescue service

in relation to the width, headroom, turning circles and

provisionofhardstandingfortheirvehicles

1.2.4 Theserviceshouldbeinformedaboutthelocation,nature

andquantitiesofhazardousmaterialsstoredandusedon

site.Itishelpfultoprovideasecureboxneartheentrance

containingplansof thesite,showing the layout, location

and quantities of hazardous substances (such as highly

flammable liquids, compressed gas cylinders, tanks,

refrigerantsandagrochemicals)togetherwiththelocation

ofhydrantsandotherwatersupplies.

1.2.5 Intheeventofafire,adesignatedmemberofstaffshould

beavailabletomeetthefireandrescueserviceandinform

theofficerinchargeof:

• thelocationofthefire;

• thesituationregardingpersonnelandlivestock;

• thelocationofwatersuppliesforfirefighting;and

• the nature, location and approximate quantities of

hazardous materials on the site, including fuel tanks,

gascylinders,biohazardsandagrochemicals.

1.3 Hotworks

Hotworksincludewelding,cuttingandotherworksinvolving

theuseofblowtorches.Italsoincludestheuseofgrinding

andsimilarequipmentwheresparksmaybeproduced.

1.3.1 Apolicyshouldbe inplace toeliminate theneed forhot

workwhereverpossible.

1.3.2 Wherehotworkisunavoidable,especiallywhereithasto

beundertakeninfarmbuildingsorinthevicinityofcropsor

storedcombustiblematerials,itshouldbesubjecttoahot

workpermitsystemasoutlinedinRC7: Hot work(ref.6).

1.3.3 Where a farrier routinely visits the premises, a fixed

location should be provided for the farrier to work. This

isbest intheopenairnearthestables. If it isnecessary

for the farrier to work under cover, the building should

be non-combustible and clear of all combustible waste

materials.Appropriatefireextinguishingequipmentshould

beimmediatelyavailable.

1.4 Electricalinstallations

The use, and misuse, of electricity in agricultural and

horticulturalpremisesisacommoncauseoffire.Themain

causesare:

• overheating cables and equipment caused by, for

example,overloading;

• incorrectinstallationoruseofequipment;

• lackofmaintenanceortesting;

• damagedorinadequateinsulationoncablesorwiring;

• damagecausedbyanimalschewingtheinsulationon

electricalwiring;

• combustiblematerialsbeingplacedtooclosetoelectrical

equipment, which may produce heat when operating

normallyorbecomehotbecauseofafault;and

• arcingandsparkingofelectricalequipment.

1.4.1 All new fixed electrical wiring and electrical equipment,

includingthatinanimalaccommodation,shouldbeinstalled

and inspectedbyacompetentelectrician inaccordance

with the current edition of BS 7671: Requirements

for electrical installations. IEE Wiring Rrgulations.

Seventeenth edition (ref. 7). The Periodic Inspection

ReportfromAppendix6ofBS7671shouldbeusedand

accompaniedbyaScheduleofInspectionsandSchedule

ofTestResults.Future inspectionsshouldbecarriedout

asrecommendedinthePeriodicInspectionReport.

1.4.2 The design of the installation should take into account

areaswheretheenvironmentmaybewetorcorrosive.In

theseinstances,thecircuitryshouldbesuitablyspecified

orprotectedandsocketsthataresuitablyprotectedfrom

theweathershouldbeinstalledwherenecessary.Thisis

particularly important in facilities like cowsheds, where,

becauseofthecorrosiveatmosphere,theinstalledelectric

wiring, as well as portable electrical appliances, should

be inspected more frequently than otherwise would be

thecase.

Electricmotors foruse in farmequipmentshouldhavea

ratingofatleastIP55(resistanttodustandhosedwater)

as defined in EN 60529: Specification for degrees of

protection provided by enclosures (ref. 8) but should

stillbecoveredorsuitablyprotectedifusedoutdoors.

1.4.3 A suitable number of electrical socket outlets should be

providedinfarmbuildingstoreducetheuseofextension

leadsandadaptorstoaminimum.

1.4.4 Cablesshouldberuninsteelratherthanplasticconduitfor

addedprotectionfromimpactandanimals.

1.4.5 Residualcurrentdevices(RCDs)shouldbeinstalledonall

powercircuits,especiallythosethatmaybeusedtopower

portableelectricalequipmentoutdoors.TheRCDsshould

have a residual operating current not exceeding 30mA

and should be incorporated into the distribution boards

or consumer units. ‘Plug-in’ RCDs should be avoided

whereverpossible.

1.4.6 The equipment selected for installation should take into

account the findings of the DSEAR assessment, which

shouldidentifyhazardzoneswheretheremaybepotential

for explosible quantities of flammable liquid vapours or

duststoaccumulate(ref.5).

1.4.7 Any damaged electrical equipment should be turned

off,unpluggedandsuitably labelleduntil it is repairedor

replaced.

1.4.8 Asportableelectrical farmequipment isoftensubject to

impactdamageandenvironmentalexposure,itshouldbe

inspectedperiodically(PATtested)atleastinaccordance

withHS(G)107:Maintaining portable and transportable

electrical equipment(ref.9)andmayneedtobetested

moreoftenasdeterminedbyariskassessment.

1.4.9 Where the riskassessment indicates thatahazard from

static electricity could develop in any farm process,

appropriate earthingandbondingof theequipment and

any extraneous metal parts should be introduced and

regularinspectionsbeundertakenandrecorded.

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1.5 Smoking

1.5.1 Smoking must be prohibited in all enclosed workplaces

in accordance with no-smoking legislation in the UK

(refs.10-15)andshouldalsobeprohibited in thevicinity

ofcrops,storedhay,strawandfuelandotherareaswhere

flammableandcombustiblematerialsarepresent.Further

adviceissetoutinRC51:Recommendations regarding

smoking at work(ref.16).

1.5.2 Smokingshouldalsobeprohibited instockyardswhere

thereiscombustibleanimalbeddingorlitterontheground.

1.5.3 Theno-smokingpolicyshouldbeemphasisedduringthe

inductiontrainingfornewandtemporarystaff.Theareas

wheresmoking isprohibitedshouldbeclearlyexplained

and any designated areas where smoking is allowed

shouldalsobeindicated.

1.5.4 Suitableno-smokingsignsshouldbedisplayedprominently

intheimmediatevicinityofhighfireriskareas,suchasLPG

and flammable liquid stores and also elsewhere on the

farmwheresmokingisprohibited(seeparagraph1.5.1).

1.6 Protectionfromdeliberatefireraising

1.6.1 Staff should maintain an awareness regarding the

opportunities for deliberate fire raisingon farmsand the

threatthatthispresentstolife,propertyandthecontinuing

smoothrunningofbusinessoperations.Furtheradviceis

setoutinRC48:Recommendations for the protection

of premises against deliberate fire raising(ref.17).

2. Business continuity

Itemsofplantandequipmentare increasinglyexpensive,

resulting in a small fire having the potential to have a

disproportionateeffectonthecontinuedsmoothrunning

ofbusinessoperations.

2.1 Allagriculturalpremisesshould takesteps toensure the

continued smooth running of their business by making

suitableemergencyplans.

2.2 The emergency plan should address the welfare of the

livestock, as well as the staff, in the event of a fire. It

shouldindicatethelinesofcommunicationthatshouldbe

followedandthecontactdetails forspecialistassistance,

andprovidersofalternativeaccommodation.

2.3 Suitabledocumentationshouldbeproducedtoensurethe

futureofthebusinessintheeventofafire,floodorsimilar

eventuality. Consideration may be given to applying the

free-to-download Robust software (Resilient Business

Software Toolkit) (ref.18),orotherappropriatesoftware,

tochecktheadequacyoftheplan.

3. Farm buildings

1.1 Complyingwithfiresafetylegislation

3.1 Wherever possible, buildings and structures should be

designed according to the requirements of Approved

Document B: Fire Safety (volume 2) – Buildings

other than dwellinghouses, incorporating insurers’

requirements for property protection (ref. 19). They

shouldalsoaddresstherequirementsofthevariousparts

of BS 5502: Buildings and structures for agriculture

(ref.20).

3.2 The materials of which agricultural buildings are

constructed and their siting in relation to one another

arecriticalinrespectofthedevelopmentofafire;thefire

risk assessment should consider these issues. This is

particularlyimportanttoenablenewagriculturalbuildings

tobesitedsufficientlydistant fromeachotherand from

other buildings to prevent the spread of fire from one

building to another. This factor should also be borne in

mindwhenplanningextensionstoexistingstructures.The

fire risk assessment should also address the distance

betweenbuildingsandpublicfootpaths.

3.3 Particular consideration should be given to the form of

construction and materials used for roofs, walls and

internalsurfacesinordertolimitthespreadofflameand

increasethefireresistanceofthestructure.

3.4 In some cases, combustible sprayed polyurethane

insulation has been applied in temperature controlled

vegetable stores and similar buildings. This renders

the surfaces very vulnerable to ignition and fire spread.

Non-combustible alternatives should always be used.

Referenceshouldbemadetotheinsurerswhereexisting

sprayedpolyurethaneinsulationisfoundorsuspectedto

bepresent.

3.5 Farm produce, materials and equipment that present a

highfireriskshouldpreferablybestoredinpurpose-built,

fire-separatedbuildingsorenclosures.This isparticularly

importantinrespectof:

• thestorageofoilandotherflammableliquids;

• buildings used for the manufacture of biodiesel or

biogas;

• LPGandothercompressedgascylinders;

• agrochemicals (pesticides, herbicides and chemical

fertilisers);

• mechanicalcropdrying;

• feedgrinding;

• furnaceorboilerrooms;

• farmmachineryandvehiclegaraging;and

• maintenanceworkshops.

3.6 In cases where it is necessary for a single building to

be put to multiple use, compartmentation by means

of fire-resistant walls to the full height of the enclosure

together with suitable fire-resistant doors to provide a

degreeoffireresistanceappropriatetotheusestowhich

theadjoiningareaswillbeputshouldbeconsideredto:

• sub-dividelargeareas;

• separatebulkstorageareasandlivestock;and

• segregateareasofhighfirerisk.

3.7 Carefulconsiderationshouldbegiven toareaswhereair

bricks and similar provisions provide cross ventilation to

ensurethatthesedonotleadtothespreadofsmokeand

hotgasestootherpartsofthepremises.

3.8 Careshouldbetakentoensurethatcombustiblematerial

isnotplacednearelectriclights,heatersorequipmentthat

mayproduceheatwhenoperating.

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3.9 Where stock rearing employs artificial heating, the

operationshouldbehousedinadetached,purpose-built

buildingofnon-combustibleconstruction.

4. Heating and lighting

The following paragraphs apply in respect of all

forms of farm, agricultural and horticultural premises.

Further advice regarding electric lighting is available

in RC37: Recommendations for the control of fire

hazards from electrical lighting in commercial and

industrial premises(ref.21).

4.1 The fire risk assessment undertaken for the premises

shouldconsiderthenumber,type,heightabovefloorlevel

andprotectionoftheheatersprovidedinthecontextofthe

typeofbuilding,natureoftheconstructionandthetypes

and form of materials stored or in use there, including

animalfeedandbedding.

4.2 Fixed heaters used in all agricultural accommodation,

includinganimalhouses,shouldbepurposemadeandbe

installedandmaintainedbycompetentengineers.

4.3 Gas fuelled heaters should not be located in positions

wheretheymaybesubjecttoadraught.

4.4 Space heaters should not be used with fuel other than

that for which they are specifically designed without

reference to the manufacturers or suppliers of the

equipment.Further information relating to the installation,

managementanduseofthisformofequipmentissetout

in RC4: Recommendations for fixed heaters burning

waste fuel(ref.22).

4.5 Convectorheatersaresaferthanradiantheatersbutcare

shouldbetakenwhenfittingfixedheaterstoensurethat

they cannot come into contact with animals or vehicles

and are maintained at least 1m from animal feed, straw,

hayandothercombustiblematerials.

4.6 Theuseofportableheatersshouldbeavoidedwherever

possible;heatersshouldbefirmlyfixed towallsorfloors

welloutsidethereachoflivestock.Portableheatersshould

notbeleftunattended.

4.7 All forms of heating equipment and plant should be

regularlyinspectedandmaintainedbyacompetentperson

incompliancewiththemanufacturer’srecommendations.

4.8 Thesafestformsofheatingforanimalaccommodationare

water, lowpressuresteamorwarmairbecausetheyare

effective at comparatively low temperatures. Under floor

heatingisasafe,ifmorecostly,alternative.

4.9 Aclearspaceofatleast1mshouldbemaintainedaround

lampsusedprimarilyforheating,unlesstheseareanintegral

partofproprietaryequipmentdesignedforanimalwelfare.

4.10 Inadditiontoanyothersupport,infra-redlampsshouldbe

securedbychains.

4.11 All heatersand lightsmustbecarefully locatedandwell

securedagainstanimalmovement.

4.12 All lampsshouldbeprotected toprevent thebuildupof

dustonthehotsurfaceofthebulb.

4.13 Highpowerbulbs,suchashigh intensitydischarge(HID)

lampsandhalogenbulbsover500W,presentasignificant

firehazard:

4.13.1CareshouldbetakenwhenplanningthelocationsofHID

lamps;theyshouldnotbesiteddirectlyovercombustible

materials where hot particles from a broken bulb could

ignitematerialsbelow.

4.13.2HIDlampsshouldalsobesitedwellawayfromcombustible

elementsofconstruction.

4.13.3Althoughnewlampsshouldbefullyenclosed,theuseof

light fittings with integral containment barriers made of

tempered,sodalimeorborosilicateglassisrecommended.

The need for enclosures extends to shatter protected

lamps,especiallythosewhereapulsestartballastisfitted.

5. Animal accommodation

The effects of even a small fire can cause unnecessary

suffering to animals, as well as posing a threat to an

importantfarmresourceandthecontinuityofthenormal

farmbusiness.Intensiveanimalfarmingmethodsandthe

scale of economy in heating, watering and feeding the

livestockoftenmeansthataverylargenumberofanimals

maybehousedinasinglebuilding.

5.1 Specialconsiderationshouldbegiventothefireresistance

of the structure and the spread of flame of the internal

surfaces, especially in the case of buildings housing

livestock. The use of sprayed foam linings in particular

shouldbeavoidedduetothepotentialforrapidfirespread

and the production of copious quantities of smoke and

toxicgases.

5.2 Escaperoutesforlivestockshouldbeplannedtoprovidea

directroutefortheanimalstoopenairandaplaceofsafety

awayfromthefirewiththeminimumofhumanintervention.

5.3 Inbuildingsexceeding30m in length there shouldbeat

leasttwoexitslocatedasfarapartaspossible,preferably

ateachendofthebuilding.

5.4 The quantities of hay and straw stored in animal

accommodation should be the minimum necessary for

theirimmediateneeds.

5.5 Powered equipment intended for operation in animal

accommodation should be purpose made and, where

necessary,installedbyspecialistcontractors.

6. Installation and maintenance of grain dryers

Thefollowingrecommendationsrelatetofixedinstallations

and transportable dryers when in a static or permanent

position.Theyalsorelatetodryersusedforgrassandseed

cropssuchasoil seed rape,pulses, kale seed,evening

primroseseedandlinseed.

The application of heat to combustible material such as

grainpresentsasignificantfirehazardandabuildupof

dustpresentsanexplosionhazard.Itisthereforeessential

thatahighstandardof cleanlinessbemaintained in the

equipment and buildings. The risk of fire associated

with grass and grain dryers is similar to that with other

machineryusedfordryingcombustiblematerial.

6.1 Becauseoftheproductionofdustwhendryinggrainand

similarcrops,aspecificriskassessmentshouldbecarried

outfortheoperationincompliancewithDSEAR(ref.5).

6.2 Cropdryersshouldbehousedindetached,purpose-built

buildingsofnon-combustibleconstruction.

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6.3 Thebuildingshouldbeatleast20mfromanyotherbuilding

orstackofproduce.

6.4 The building should not be used for any other purpose

whendryingisinprogressunlessthedryer(orthehotair

furnaceifseparate)isseparatedfromotherareasbyawall

providingatleast120-minutes’fireresistancecarriedupto

fullroofheight.

6.5 Anyopeningsinthe120-minutes’fireresistantwallshould

be fitted with fire shutters with appropriate third party

certification to demonstrate that they provide the same

degreeoffireresistance.

6.6 Wherepossible, thegraindryershouldbe indirectlyfired

usingaheatexchanger.But,ifotherwise,adequatebaffles

shouldbeprovidedbetween the furnaceand thedrying

compartment.

6.7 The dryer, hot air duct and all other ducts, platforms,

elevators and conveyors should be constructed of non-

combustiblematerial.

6.8 Electricaldrivesforthedryer,elevatorandconveyorshould

be connected to the electrical installation in compliance

withBS7671(ref.7).

6.9 Any exhaust or flue should be routed vertically through

and above the roof or through an external wall with

the hot gases being discharged at least 0.5m clear of

combustiblematerials.

6.10 Equipment burning oil should be in accordance with

RC9:Recommendations for oil-fired installations(ref.23).

6.11 The use of temporary space heaters should be avoided

in areas where grain and similar products are handled

becauseofthepotentialbuildupofdustandothereasily

ignitedmaterials.

6.12 The equipment should be operated according to

the manufacturers’ instructions and all temperature

measuring devices, thermostats and other automatic

controlgearshouldberegularlymaintainedandserviced

by a competent person to ensure correct functioning.

Where possible, temperature measuring devices should

be duplicated and operate on a fail safe principle (ie

shutting down the furnace to prevent overheating and

subsequentignition).

6.13 Unlessfittedwithautomaticcontrolequipmentdesigned

toshutdowntheplantintheeventofoverheating,adryer

shouldnotbe leftunattended.Wheresuitableautomatic

control equipment is installed, plant shouldbe visited at

hourlyintervals.

6.14 All operatives should be trained in the emergency

shutdownproceduresfortheplantandaremoteisolation

switchshouldbeprovided.

6.15 Where equipment polishes, in addition to drying, grain,

quantities of dust may be produced and thus this

equipmentshouldbesitedinopen-sidedoropen-ended

buildingstoallowadequateventilationtodispersethedust.

Wherenecessary,dustcollectorsshouldbeprovided.

6.16 Theairinlettothefanforthedryershouldbedrawndirectly

fromtheopen topreventcombustiblematerialssuchas

dust,chaffandstrawbeingdrawnintothefurnace.Thisis

particularlyimportantinthecaseoftransportabledryers.

6.17 Allductsandcavitieswheredust,grainandothermaterials

canaccumulateshouldbecleanedoutdailyandthespace

aroundthedryershouldbekeptclearofdriedgrainand

othercombustiblematerials.

6.18 Theplantshouldbeservicedannuallybythemanufacturer

oracompetentengineerbeforetheseason inwhichthe

equipmentistobeoperated.

6.19 Transportabledryersshouldbeoperatedonhardstanding

away from crops and combustible undergrowth. They

shouldnotbestoodontarpaulins.

7. Stored materials

7.1 Storageofhayandsilage

Thestorageofgreenforagecropssuchasgrassandalfalfa

in silos, forage or haylage towers, as they are variously

described,hasincreasedinrecentyears.Thenatureofthe

processofturninggreenmaterialintocattlefoodrequiring

fermentation of the raw material, can introduce hazards

unlessappropriatesafeguardsareadopted.

If the moisture content of the silage material is initially

lower than the recommendedminimumof40%and the

silage is not sufficiently compacted, the entry of oxygen

dueto inadequatesealingof thesilowillpermitvigorous

heating,whichwillraisethetemperaturetoapointwhere

microbiological action stops (about 75°C) and heating

continues by chemical oxidation alone. The continuing

availabilityofoxygenwillthencausearunawaycondition

andignitionwilloccur.

Hayandstrawarethematerialsfirstignitedinthemajorityof

farmfires.Thesematerialsareeasilyignitablewhendrybut

aresowidelyusedthatthehazardmaybeforgotten.The

storageofhaybalesalsopresentstheriskofspontaneous

combustion,particularlywhendamphayisstored.

7.1.1 Whereverpossible,storedhayorstrawshouldbeinstacks

ofreasonablesizespreadwellapartandlocatedat least

20mfrombuildingsandstructures.Itshouldalsobestored

awayfrompublicfootpaths,roadsandrailways.

7.1.2 Hay should not be baled or stacked until properly dry.

Baledandstackedhayshouldbecoveredtokeepitdry.

7.1.3 Stacksofhayshouldbetestedforoverheatingatregular

intervals and the fire and rescue service called if the

temperaturerisesabove70°C.

7.1.4 Vigilance should be kept for rotting smells coming from

hay and bales which appear lower in the middle as the

hayrotsaway.Thethreatofarsonalsoneedstobetaken

intoaccount.

7.1.5 Self-heatingcanalsooccurinsilage;thecutofthegreen

material in tower silos shouldbeasuniformaspossible

andnotexceed20mm.

7.1.6 In the case of silage, the moisture content should not

be less than40%;below this threshold the riskof fire is

greatlyincreased.

7.1.7 Thereshouldbenoopeninginthewallsorthebaseofthe

silothatwouldadmitair.

7.1.8 Duringsilagemaking,thematerialshouldbeconsolidated

toremoveairbybeingspreadevenly.Atanyoneperiodof

loading,thesiloshouldbefilledtoaminimumdepthof3m.

8 9

7.1.9 Unlessloadingisstoppedforaveryshortperiodoftime,

thesiloshouldbeproperlysealedtopreventairreaching

thesilage.

7.1.10 Thematerialusedforthefinalloadingshouldhaveashigha

moisturecontentaspossibletoformaneffectivesealorplug.

7.1.11 Regular checks should be kept on the temperature of

the silage. Probe or recording thermometers should be

usedandthefireandrescueservicecalledifanexcessive

temperature rise is recorded. The temperature of the

top layer should be about 38°C throughout the silage

makingprocess.

7.1.12 Care should be taken to provide sufficient ventilation to

prevent an accumulation of methane during the silage

formingprocess,unlessproductionofmethaneissought

aspartoftheprocess.Inthelattercase,specialistadvice

shouldbesoughttoenabletheprocesstobeundertaken

safelyandeffectively.

7.2 Storageofgrainandsimilarcrops

Spontaneouscombustioncanoccur innewlydriedgrain

and crops such as alfalfa and oilseed rape. Movement

of grain can result in significant quantities of dust

accumulating in the atmosphere which represents a

seriousexplosionhazard.Themovementof theproduct

canalso leadtoabuildupofstaticelectricitywhich isa

potentialignitionsource.

7.2.1 Handling of grain, including the filling of silos and other

large vessels, should be subject to a risk assessment

carriedoutincompliancewithDSEAR(ref.5).

7.2.2 Priortoanyfurtherprocessingorstorage,driedgrainmust

beallowedtocooltoambienttemperatureasaprecaution

againstspontaneouscombustion.Coolingmustbe fora

minimumof20minutesbutalongertimemaybenecessary.

7.2.3 Grainstorageimmediatelyafterdryingshouldbewithina

dedicatedstoragefacilityequippedwithalarmmonitored

temperature probes to alert attention should the core

temperaturerise.

7.2.4 Whereasiloisusedforstorage,itshouldbeofproprietary

design and be constructed by specialist engineers.

The documentation should include a service and

maintenanceregime.

7.2.5 Thesiloandassociatedextraneousmetalpartsshouldbe

electricallybondedandearthed topreventabuildupof

staticelectricity.Anearthingcableshouldbeprovidedfor

bondingdeliveryvehicles.

7.2.6 Allstaffrequiredtoloadorunloadgrainsilosshouldreceive

suitable instruction in the hazards associated with the

processand themeasures theyshould take tominimise

anyoutbreakoffire.

7.2.7 All silos should be subject to regular inspection and

maintenancebyacompetentengineer.Suchaninspection

shouldincludeensuringthattheexplosionreliefpanelsare

correctly fittedand free tooperate.An inspectionof the

bondingcablesshouldbemade toensure that theyare

freeofcorrosion,thatallconnectionsaresecureandthat

thebondingclampprovided for thedeliveryvehicle is in

placeandtheconnectingsurfacesarecleanand freeof

excessivegreaseorcorrosion.

7.3 Storageanduseofherbicides,pesticidesandother

farmchemicals

The storage of agrochemicals needs to be carefully

considered;themajorityoffarmchemicalsaredangerous

insomeway.Theirusetendstobeseasonal,with larger

amountsbeingstoredonfarmsinthespringandautumn.

In all cases where herbicides, pesticides and other

farm chemicals are present, an assessment should be

undertakeninaccordancewithDSEAR(ref.5).

Most fertilisers contain ammonium nitrate which, when

involved in a fire, may enable combustible materials to

continue burning even when the supply of air has been

excluded.Thedecompositioncausedbythefireproduces

copiousvolumesoftoxicsmokeandgases.

Pesticidesarenormallystoredinmetalorplasticdrumsor

asapowderorgranules inplasticsacks.Pesticidesare

seldomthecauseoffiresbutarehazardouswhenheated,

whentoxicgasesmaybeformed.

There are numerous environmental issues that need to

betakenintoaccount,includingprotectingwatercourses

fromrunoffwaterusedinfirefightingoperations.

7.3.1 Agrochemicalsshouldbestoredawayfromothermaterials

so that they are not exposed to fires originating in, for

example, hay and straw. Dedicated storage should be

providedforagrochemicals;theseshouldbeatleast20m

fromallbuildings,structures,watercoursesandwells.

7.3.2 Thequantitiesofproductscontainingsignificantquantities

of hazardous materials, such as nitrates, stored on site

should be kept to the minimum consistent with efficient

farmoperations.

7.3.3 Whenselectingastoragearea,checksshouldbemadeas

towhereanyfirefightingwaterwillrun.

7.3.4 Spillages of agrochemicals and other materials in their

vicinity should be cleaned up promptly to prevent

contamination,suchasthecontaminationoffertilisersby

oilordieselfuel.

7.3.5 Anup-to-dateinventoryoftheagrochemicalsbeingstored

and used should be maintained and made available for

inspectionbyrelevantauthorities.

7.3.6 Warningsignsappropriatetothetypesofmaterialsbeing

stored should be displayed prominently on all buildings

usedforthestorageofagrochemicals.

7.3.7 Information should be provided to the fire and rescue

service, as part of the continuing liaison, regarding the

nature and quantities of hazardous materials stored or

usedonsite.

7.3.8 Informationprovidedbysuppliersrelatingtotheproperties,

storage and use of agrochemicals should be read and

observedandmadeavailableforstaffandfireandrescue

servicereference.

7.3.9 All staff likely to handle or use agrochemicals should

receive suitable training in the hazards involved and the

actionsthatshouldbetakenintheeventofafire.

8 9

7.3.10 In the event of a fire involving herbicides, fertilisers and

thelike:

• allstaffshouldbeawareoftheneedtoremainupwind

ofthesmokeandtoxicgases;

• ifpossiblethebuildingshouldbeventilatedtominimise

theproductionoftoxicgases;

• topreventfirefightingrun-offwaterfromcontaminating

watercourses,considerationmaybegiventoallowing

afiretoburnoutundercontrolledconditions;and

• all spoilt fertiliser and similar products should be

disposedofsafelyfollowingafire.

7.4 Storageanduseofflammableliquids

7.4.1 Many flammable liquids, such as petrol, diesel fuel, oils,

solvents and cattle dips, are in regular use on farms.

Storageanduseof theseshouldbe inaccordancewith

RC20:Recommendations for fire safety in the storage

and use of highly flammable and flammable liquids,

Part 1: General principlesandPart 2: Storage in drums,

cans and containers other than external fixed tanks,

andRC57:Storage in external fixed tanks(refs.24-26).

Whereflammableandhighlyflammableliquidsarepresent

a risk assessment should be carried out in accordance

withDSEAR(ref.5).

7.4.2 Thedispensingareaaroundstoragecontainersandtanks

shouldbemaintainedtoahighstandardofcleanlinessand

freeofpotentialignitionsources.

7.4.3 Wherever possible, consideration should be given to

replacing flammable liquids, such as sprays and crop

treatments,withsuitablewater-basedalternatives.

7.4.4 Therearenowasignificantnumberoffarmpremiseswhere

theproductionofbiodieselfuelisundertaken.Careshould

betakenwiththisprocess,whichshouldbecarriedoutin

accordancewithRC46:Fire safety in the manufacture

of biodiesel fuel(ref.27).

7.4.5 Specialistadviceshouldbesoughtwhenotherhazardous

processes,suchastheproductionofbiogasfromwasteor

biomassmaterials,isbeingundertaken.

7.5 Storageofcompressedgases

7.5.1 Cylinders of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and other

gases should be stored and used in accordance with

RC8: Recommendations for the storage, use and

handling of common industrial gases in cylinders

including LPG (ref. 28). Where LPG is present a risk

assessment should be carried out in accordance with

DSEAR(ref.5).

7.5.2 Thenumberofcylindersofcompressedflammablegases,

especiallyacetylene,storedonthefarmshouldbeminimised.

Further advice is set out in RC49: Recommendations

for reducing business interruption, Part 1: Acetylene

cylinders involved in fires(ref.29).

8. Crop, woodland and undergrowth fires

8.1 Cropfires

Growing crops, particularly barley, are a fire hazard for

a period before harvest, especially during spells of dry

weather, when rapidly spreading and destructive fires

canoccur.

8.1.1 Ripe crops should be protected against all sources of

ignition,including:

• bonfires;

• rubbishburning;

• barbecues;

• smokingmaterials;

• brokenanddiscardedglassbottlesthatmayfocusthe

sun’srays;and

• deliberatefireraising.

8.1.2 Suitablemeasuresshouldbetakentoensurethatparties

of school children and similar groups are adequately

supervisedwhenvisiting farmpremises.Thiswill ensure

thewell-beingoflivestockaswellaspreventingaccidents

andfires.

8.1.3 In woodland where there are sustainable crops of trees,

new seedlings should be planted so as to provide an

adequatefirebreakbetweenareaswhen the treeshave

matured.Theareasoftreesandwidthoffirebreaksshould

besubjecttoasuitablefireriskassessment.

8.2 Strawandstubbleburning

Strawandstubbleburningpresentsafireriskto:

• farmbuildings,cropsandmachinery;

• thecountryside–burningcandamagehedgerowsand

treesanddisturborkillwildlife;and

• the public – smoke can cause nuisance to nearby

housesandbusinessesandbeahazardtoroadtraffic.

In addition, burning straw and stubble deprives the soil

of valuableorganicmaterial; it also releasesgreenhouse

gasestotheatmosphere.Furtherinformationissetoutin

AnnexesBandC.

8.2.1 Whereverpossible,strawfromfieldsshouldbebaledand

cartedorbechoppedandploughed into thesoilbefore

establishingthenextcrop.

Legislationhasbeenenactedrelatingtostrawandstubble

burning, an outline of what is permitted in England and

Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIrelandissetoutinAnnexB.

9. Burning waste materials

Farms have a lot of waste to dispose of and burning is

oftenthemostpracticalwayofgettingridofit.Wastefires,

however,maygetoutofcontrolandmayalsobespreadby

thewind.

9.1 Theburningofwasteand vegetation shouldbeavoided

unlessabsolutelynecessary.

9.2 Allwasteburningmustbesubjecttoafireriskassessment

(seeAnnexesBandC).

9.3 Prior approval must be obtained from the Environment

AgencyforEnglandandWales,theScottishEnvironment

Protection Agency or the Environment and Heritage

ProtectionServiceinNorthernIreland,asappropriate.

10 11

9.4 Firesmayonlybelitonopengroundthathasbeencleared

ofundergrowthandisfarenoughremoved(typically50m)

so that there is no risk of nearby crops, storage areas,

buildings, structures or neighbouring property being set

alightbyburningbrands.

9.5 Largeopenbonfirescaneasilygetoutofcontrol,especially

in the summer when undergrowth is dry; materials

must therefore only be burnt in a properly designed

incinerator.Theincineratormustbesitedandmaintained

inaccordancewiththemanufacturer’srecommendations.

Regular checksmustbemade toensure that thespark

arrestorandfluedonotbecomecloggedorcorroded.

9.6 A permanent fire watch must be maintained by a

nominatedperson.

9.7 The nominated person should have suitable fire

extinguishers, beaters consisting of poles with short

lengthsofa thick fabricor rubber (suchasoldconveyor

belt)attachedtotheendsorotherequipmenttohandas

appropriatetofightafireandbetrainedintheiruse.

9.8 Material to be burnt should be checked for dangerous

items such as empty cylinders, aerosol cans and

flammable substances, which should be removed and

safelydisposedofbeforeitisbroughttothefire.

9.9 Burningshouldnotbenearorbeneathoverheadcables

(powerortelegraphcables).

9.10 Flammable liquids should not be used to assist in the

ignitionoffires.

10. Vehicles and farm equipment

Common causes of tractor and machinery fires include

defects in the fuelor ignitionsystems, impropermethod

ofrefuelling,smokingandmatches,over-heatedengines,

sparksfromexhaustandfriction.

10.1 Farmvehicles

10.1.1 Major farmvehicles suchas large tractors andcombine

harvesters represent a major investment and important

farmresource.Whennotinuse,theyshouldthereforebe

garagedinasecurebuilding,beproperlymaintainedand

kept as clean as possible to prevent a build up of dust,

straw,grainandsimilarmaterials.

10.1.2Farmvehiclesshouldnotbegaragedinbuildingsusedfor

storage, but be housed securely in a detached building

keptsolelyforthatpurpose.

10.1.3 If a fire were to occur, it may be necessary for vehicles

and machinery to be evacuated from the building and

thusanemergencyplantoaffectthisshouldbedrawnup

andrehearsed.

10.1.4Accesstothevehicleshedshouldbekeptcleartoallow

thevehiclestobedrivenortowedawayfromthebuilding

inanemergency.

10.1.5Vegetationonroutesregularlyusedbyfarmvehiclesshould

becutshorttopreventcontactwithvehicleexhausts.

10.1.6Engines should be allowed to cool before being

sheetedover.

10.1.7 Seriousconsiderationshouldbegiventoinstallingafixed

firesuppressionsystemintheenginebay(s)ofexpensiveor

businesscriticalmachinery.

10.1.8The fuel tanksofmachineryoperatedbypetrolordiesel

fuelshouldnotberefilledwhiletheengineisrunning.

10.1.9Harvesters and tractors shouldnotbe refuelledclose to

standingcrops,strawbalesorsimilarcombustiblematerials.

10.1.10Anyfuelleakshouldberepairedimmediately.

10.1.11Retrievaloffuelfromfarmvehiclesorequipmentshouldonly

beundertakenusingproprietaryfuelretrievalequipmentin

accordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructions.

10.1.12Exhausts, silencers and baffles should be checked

regularlyfordefectsandreplacedasnecessary.

10.1.13Electrical wiring should be protected against the effects

ofrainwater.

10.1.14Where appropriate, equipment should be bonded and

earthedtopreventthebuildupofstaticelectricity.

10.1.15All equipment should be maintained and lubricated in

accordancewiththemanufacturer’sserviceschedule.

10.1.16When ignited, tyres burn fiercely and produce copious

volumesofthickblacksmoke.Sparetyresshouldtherefore

bestored inawellventilatedareaaway fromsourcesof

ignition.Usedtyresshouldbestored inasimilar fashion

ifawaiting re-use, forexample toweighdown tarpaulins.

Unwanted tyres should be removed from the site to

eliminatethehazard.

10.1.17Inthecaseofconveyorsandelevators,thetensioningof

driveorconveyorbeltsshouldbecheckedregularly.

10.1.18Combustible materials, such as loose straw and hay,

shouldnotbeallowedtobuildupintheimmediatevicinity

ofstaticequipment.

10.1.19Acarefulwatchshouldbekept forfiresstarting ingrass

grinders, elevators, conveyors and similar equipment

as a result of frictional heat or by sparks created by

stones,metalandsimilarforeignbodiespassingthrough

themachinery.

10.1.20Water boilers should be fitted with a thermostat and a

thermalcutoutincaseofwaterbeinglost.

10.1.21Somefarmmachinerycontainsaradioactivesource;this

machinery should be clearly labelled. Purchase of such

machinerymustbenotified to theHSEand the fireand

rescueserviceshouldalsobeinformed.

10.2 Sprayingandfogging

Many agricultural processes involve spraying processes

and fires have been caused by these operations, which

include the sprayingof suppressantsoncrops, suchas

potatoes, and during fumigation processes. In order to

minimisethehazard:

10.2.1Spraying equipment should be sited outside the area in

whichsprayingistobeundertakentopreventsparks,hot

enginesandexhaustscomingintocontactwithstrawand

othercombustiblematerials.

10.2.2A length of non-combustible piping should be fitted

between the spraying equipment and the items to

beprocessed.

10 11

10.2.3Asparkguardshouldbefittedtothespraynozzle.

Fogging is a process whereby an active agent such a

chemical inhibitor or pesticide dissolved in methanol

or a similar volatile solvent is dripped onto a hotplate in

proprietaryequipmenttoproducefogparticleswithasize

intheorderof50µm.

Suchmachinesareused to introduce reagents to inhibit

thegrowthofpotatoesandothervegetables,forripening

bananas and in horticultural glasshouses for dispersing

pesticides. Their use introduces a fire and explosion

hazardintotheworkplace.

10.2.4Beforecommencingfogging,asuitableandsufficientfire

riskassessmentshouldbeundertaken,withspecialnote

being taken toeliminateanypotential ignitionhazards in

theintendedareaofuse.

10.2.5Aswithallotherspecialistequipment,themanufacturer’s

instructions and maintenance requirements should

beobserved.

10.2.6The equipment should not be used other than for its

designedpurpose.

11. Fire protection

11.1 Firedetectionandalarmsystems

11.1.1 Afirewarningsystemshouldbeprovidedwhereoperations

arecarriedoutinsidebuildings.Thetypeofsystemneeded

shouldbedeterminedfromthefireriskassessment.Insome

verysmallbuildingswheretherearefewpeopleatwork,it

may be acceptable to shout ‘Fire!’ or use a bell, klaxon

or siren. But in most structures a manual or automatic

firedetectionsystemdesigned, installedandmaintained

by an engineer with accreditation by an independent,

UKAS-accredited third party certification body and

complying with a recognised category of installation as

defined inBS5839-1:2002+A2:2008:Fire detection

and fire alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice

for system design, installation, commissioning and

maintenance(ref.32)shouldbeprovided.

11.1.2 Where indicated by the fire risk assessment, serious

consideration should be given to the installation of an

automatic firedetectionandalarm installation,especially

inbuildingswheretherehasbeensignificantinvestmentin

vehicles,plantorlivestock.

11.1.3 Thefirealarmshouldsoundinthestructureinwhichthe

fire is detected (either manually or automatically) and in

theareaimmediatelyoutsidesoastosummonassistance,

especially where animals have to be evacuated. Care

shouldbetakentoselectfirealarmsoundersandposition

themsuchthat,while remainingeffective inalertingstaff,

they do not disturb, excite or agitate the livestock. In

some instances,considerationmaybegivento installing

beaconstoprovideavisualwarning.

11.1.4 Aregularcleaningregimeshouldbeput inplaceaspart

of the routine maintenance of automatic fire detectors.

Wheredetectorheadsarelocatedinadustyenvironment

frequentcleaningmayberequiredinordertoreducethe

likelihoodoffalsealarmsandensurethattheheadsremain

inworkingorder.

11.1.5 In large operations, consideration should be given to

linking the control panels of separate installations to a

centralpoint,suchasthefarmoffice,andtoacommercial

alarmreceivingcentre,whichcanalertthefireandrescue

service without delay, especially in the event of a fire

atnight.

11.2 Firefightingprovisions

The requirements for portable firefighting equipment

will depend on the quantities of combustible and

flammablematerialspresentinthefacilityandtheignition

hazardspresent.

11.2.1 All agricultural buildings should be provided with a

suitablenumberofappropriateportablefireextinguishers,

approvedandcertificatedbyan independent,third-party

certificationbody,inaccordancewithBS5306-8(ref.33).

11.2.2Portable firefighting equipment may also be required in

otherexternalareasandbecarriedonfarmvehicles.Where

fire extinguishers are exposed to the environment they

shouldbeprotectedbyproprietarycabinetsorcoverings.

11.2.3Where extinguishers are provided in unheated buildings,

in external areas or on vehicles a suitable anti-freeze

agent should be added to the contents of water-based

extinguishers by the service engineer at the time of the

annualservicingoftheequipment.

11.2.4Allfireextinguishersshouldbeservicedat leastannually

byacompetentengineer incompliancewithBS5306-3

(ref.34)andmorefrequentlywheredeterminedbythefire

riskassessment.

11.2.5Anyextinguisherthathasbeendamagedorpartiallyused

shouldbereplacedwithoutdelay.

Theinstallationofautomaticfirefightingsystems,suchas

anautomaticsprinklerinstallation,willnotonlyreducethe

effectsoffiredamagetobuildingsandtheircontentsbut

mayincreasethetimeavailabletosavevaluablelivestock

onwhichmanyfarmers’livelihoodsdepend.

11.2.6SprinklerinstallationsshouldcomplywiththeLPC Rules

for Sprinkler Installations incorporating BS EN 12845

(ref.35);theyshouldbedesigned,installedandmaintained

by an engineer with accreditation by an independent,

UKAS-accreditedthirdpartycertificationbody.

11.2.7Onlydryorpre-actionsprinklersystemsshouldbeinstalled

inunheatedbuildings.

11.2.8Sprinkler systems should not be used for protecting

grainstores.

11.2.9Thefireandrescueserviceandanappropriatespecialist

shouldbeconsulted regarding theprovisionofwater for

firefighting purposes and water supplies for sprinkler

systems respectively. The locations of nearby ponds,

canalsandwatercoursesshouldbemadeknowntothefire

serviceand,wherenaturalwatersourcesarenotavailable,

seriousconsiderationshouldbegiven toconsultingwith

themregardingtheinstallationofawatertank.

11.2.10The fire and rescue service should have unobstructed

access to hydrants and other water supplies relevant to

thesite.

12 13

11.2.11Wheretheprovisionofotherformsofportablefirefighting

equipmentisnotviable,suchasinwoodsandonheathland,

firepointsshouldbesetupandbeconspicuouslysigned.

Thesepointsshouldhavenotices indicatinghow thefire

andrescueserviceshouldbecalledintheeventoffireand

a warning not to attempt to fight a fire if the flames are

approachingrapidlyorthereisasignificantwind.Anumber

ofbeatersshouldbeprovidedatthesefirepointsforusein

beatingoutaslowburningfireinundergrowth.

12. Lightning protection

Aproperlyinstalledlightningprotectionsystemdemonstrates

goodriskmanagementformanyfarmbuildings;installations

should comply with BS EN 62305: Protection against

lightning (ref. 36). Buildings close to trees, on brows of

hills and those with metal roofs should be given special

consideration.Furtheradviceonlightingprotectionissetout

inRC35:Protection of buildings against lightning strike

(ref.37).

12.1 Lightning protection systems must be maintained

periodically, normally annually, to assure maximum

protectionandsafety.FurtherdetailsaresetoutinRC35.

13. Security against deliberate fire raising

Theisolatedlocationofmanyagriculturalandhorticultural

businesses, their open boundaries and readily ignitable

hay, straw and crops make them an easy target for fire

setters. At the same time, ‘right to roam’ legislation

encourages strangers into the vicinity of farm premises.

Whilearsonattackson farmsandsmallholdingsmaybe

difficulttoeliminate,anumberofsimpleprecautionscan

substantially reduce the risk of attack. Further advice

isavailable inRC48:The protection of premises from

deliberate fire raising(ref.38).

13.1 Farms are particularly vulnerable to arson and the

considerationofthisshouldformamajorpartofthefirerisk

assessmentundertakenforthesiteundertheRegulatory

Reform(FireSafety)Order2005(ref.1).

13.2 The security of farm premises against fires caused by

vandalism, arson and careless members of the public

shouldbetakenintoaccountwhenplanningthelocation

anddesignofnewproperty.

13.3 Ifbuildingshavetobenearroads,publicfootpaths,playing

fieldsorotherareastowhichlargenumbersofmembers

ofthepublichaveaccess,theyshouldnotbeopen-sided

orhaveeasyaccessfromtheaffectedsides.

13.4 Buildings should be secure against unauthorised entry

without adversely affecting means of escape in case of

fire.Themeansofescapefromall farmbuildingsshould

be subject to the fire risk assessment undertaken in

compliancewiththeRegulatoryReform(FireSafety)Order

2005 (ref. 1). Hardware, such as push bars, should be

fittedtofinalexitstoallowthemtoremainsecurefromthe

outsidewhileallowingeasyand immediateexit from the

buildingfromwithinwithouttheuseofakey.

13.5 Fencesandgatessurroundingbuildings,aswellasthose

protectinglivestock,shouldbekeptingoodrepair.

12 13

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and

quan

titie

sof

ha

zard

ous

mat

eria

lss

tore

dan

dus

edo

nsi

te?

(1.2

.4)

14.1

.7In

the

even

tofa

fire

,is

ade

sign

ated

mem

ber

ofs

taff

mad

eav

aila

ble

tom

eett

he

fire

and

resc

ues

ervi

cea

ndin

form

the

offic

erin

cha

rge

ofth

elo

catio

nof

the

fire,

th

esi

tuat

ion

rega

rdin

gpe

rson

nela

ndli

vest

ock,

and

the

loca

tions

ofw

ater

sup

plie

san

dha

zard

ous

mat

eria

ls?

(1.2

.5)

14.1

.8Is

ap

olic

yin

pla

ceto

elim

inat

eth

ene

edfo

rho

twor

kw

here

ver

poss

ible

?(1

.3.1

)

14.1

.9W

here

hot

wor

kis

una

void

able

,is

itsu

bjec

tto

aho

twor

kpe

rmit

syst

em?

(1.3

.2)

14.1

.10

Whe

rea

farr

ier

rout

inel

yvi

sits

the

prem

ises

,is

afix

edlo

catio

npr

ovid

edfo

rth

efa

rrie

rto

wor

k?(1

.3.3

)

14.1

.11

Isa

llne

wfi

xed

elec

tric

alw

iring

and

ele

ctric

ale

quip

men

tins

talle

dan

din

spec

ted

by

aco

mpe

tent

ele

ctric

ian

ina

ccor

danc

ew

ithth

ecu

rren

tedi

tion

ofB

S7

671?

(1.4

.1)

14.1

.12

Doe

sth

ede

sign

oft

hein

stal

latio

nta

kein

toa

ccou

nta

reas

whe

reth

een

viro

nmen

tm

ayb

ew

eto

rco

rros

ive?

(1.4

.2)

14.1

.13

Isth

ere

asu

itabl

enu

mbe

rof

ele

ctric

als

ocke

tout

lets

pro

vide

din

the

farm

bui

ldin

gs

tore

duce

the

use

ofe

xten

sion

lead

san

dad

apto

rsto

am

inim

um?

(1.4

.3)

14.2

.14

Are

cab

les

run

ins

teel

rat

her

than

pla

stic

con

duit

for

adde

dpr

otec

tion

from

impa

ct

and

anim

als?

(1.4

.4)

14.1

.15

Are

resi

dual

cur

rent

dev

ices

(RC

Ds)

inst

alle

don

all

pow

erc

ircui

ts,e

spec

ially

thos

ew

hich

may

be

used

top

ower

por

tabl

eel

ectr

ical

equ

ipm

ento

utdo

ors?

(1.4

.5)

14.

Che

cklis

t

14 15

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.1

.16

Doe

sth

ese

lect

ion

ofe

quip

men

tfor

inst

alla

tion

take

into

acc

ount

the

findi

ngs

of

the

DS

EA

Ra

sses

smen

t,w

hich

sho

uld

iden

tify

haza

rdz

ones

(whe

reth

ere

may

be

pot

entia

lfor

exp

losi

ble

quan

titie

sof

flam

mab

leli

quid

vap

ours

or

dust

sto

ac

cum

ulat

e)?

(1.4

.6)

14.1

.17

Isa

nyd

amag

ede

lect

rical

equ

ipm

entt

urne

dof

f,un

plug

ged

and

suita

bly

labe

lled

until

itis

repa

ired

orre

plac

ed?

(1.4

.7)

14.1

.18

Isp

orta

ble

elec

tric

alfa

rme

quip

men

tins

pect

edp

erio

dica

lly(P

ATte

sted

)atl

east

in

acco

rdan

cew

ithH

S(G

)107

?(1

.4.8

)

14.1

.19

Whe

reth

eris

kas

sess

men

tind

icat

esth

ata

haz

ard

from

sta

tice

lect

ricity

co

uld

deve

lop

ina

nyfa

rmp

roce

ss,h

asa

ppro

pria

tee

arth

ing

and

bond

ing

of

the

equi

pmen

tand

any

ext

rane

ous

met

alp

arts

bee

nin

trod

uced

and

regu

lar

insp

ectio

nsu

nder

take

nan

dre

cord

ed?

(1.4

.9)

14.1

.20

Iss

mok

ing

proh

ibite

din

all

encl

osed

wor

kpla

ces

ina

ccor

danc

ew

ithn

o-sm

okin

gle

gisl

atio

nin

the

UK

and

als

oin

the

vici

nity

ofc

rops

,sto

red

hay,

str

awa

ndfu

ela

nd

othe

rar

eas

whe

refl

amm

able

and

com

bust

ible

mat

eria

lsa

rep

rese

nt?

(1.5

.1)

14.1

.21

Iss

mok

ing

also

pro

hibi

ted

ins

tock

yar

dsw

here

ther

eis

com

bust

ible

ani

mal

be

ddin

gor

litt

ero

nth

egr

ound

?(1

.5.2

)

14.1

.22

Isth

eno

-sm

okin

gpo

licy

emph

asis

edd

urin

gth

ein

duct

ion

trai

ning

for

new

and

te

mpo

rary

sta

ff?(1

.5.3

)

14.1

.23

Are

sui

tabl

eno

-sm

okin

gsi

gns

disp

laye

dpr

omin

ently

inth

eim

med

iate

vic

inity

of

high

fire

ris

kar

eas

such

as

LPG

and

flam

mab

leli

quid

sto

res

and

else

whe

reo

nth

efa

rmw

here

sm

okin

gis

pro

hibi

ted?

(1.5

.4)

14.1

.24

Do

staf

fmai

ntai

nan

aw

aren

ess

rega

rdin

gth

eop

port

uniti

esfo

rde

liber

ate

fire

rais

ing

onfa

rms

and

the

thre

atth

atth

isp

rese

nts

toli

fe,p

rope

rty

and

the

cont

inui

ngs

moo

thr

unni

ngo

fbus

ines

sop

erat

ions

?(1

.6.1

)

14.2

Bus

ines

s co

ntin

uity

(sec

tion

2)

14.2

.1A

rea

llst

eps

take

nto

ens

ure

the

cont

inue

dsm

ooth

run

ning

oft

heb

usin

ess

by

mak

ing

suita

ble

emer

genc

ypl

ans?

(2.1

)

14.2

.2D

oes

the

emer

genc

ypl

ana

ddre

ssth

ew

elfa

reo

fthe

live

stoc

k,a

sw

ella

sth

est

aff,

inth

eev

ento

fafi

re?

(2.2

)

14.2

.3H

ass

uita

ble

docu

men

tatio

nbe

enp

rodu

ced

toe

nsur

eth

efu

ture

oft

heb

usin

ess

in

the

even

tofa

fire

,floo

dor

sim

ilar

even

tual

ity?

(2.3

)

14 15

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.3

Far

m b

uild

ing

s (s

ectio

n 3)

14.3

.1W

here

ver

poss

ible

,are

bui

ldin

gsa

nds

truc

ture

sde

sign

eda

ccor

ding

toth

ere

quire

men

tso

fAp

pro

ved

Do

cum

ent

B t

o t

he B

uild

ing

Reg

ulat

ions

200

0 in

corp

ora

ting

insu

rers

’ req

uire

men

ts f

or

pro

per

ty p

rote

ctio

n?(3

.1)

14.3

.2D

oes

the

fire

risk

asse

ssm

entc

onsi

der

the

mat

eria

lso

fwhi

cha

gric

ultu

ralb

uild

ings

ar

eco

nstr

ucte

dan

dth

eir

sitin

gin

rela

tion

too

nea

noth

erin

resp

ecto

fthe

de

velo

pmen

tofa

fire

?(3

.2)

14.3

.3Is

par

ticul

arc

onsi

dera

tion

give

nto

the

form

ofc

onst

ruct

ion

and

mat

eria

lsu

sed

for

roof

s,w

alls

and

inte

rnal

sur

face

sin

ord

erto

lim

itth

esp

read

offl

ame

and

incr

ease

th

efir

ere

sist

ance

oft

hes

truc

ture

?(3

.3)

14.3

.4Is

an

on-c

ombu

stib

lea

ltern

ativ

eus

edin

pla

ceo

fspr

ayin

gco

mbu

stib

le

poly

uret

hane

insu

latio

nin

tem

pera

ture

con

trol

led

vege

tabl

est

ores

and

sim

ilar

build

ings

?(3

.4)

14.3

.5A

refa

rmp

rodu

ce,m

ater

ials

and

equ

ipm

entt

hatp

rese

nta

hig

hfir

eris

kst

ored

in

purp

ose

built

,fire

-sep

arat

edb

uild

ings

or

encl

osur

es?

(3.5

)

14.3

.6In

cas

esw

here

itis

nec

essa

ryfo

ra

sing

leb

uild

ing

tob

epu

tto

mul

tiple

use

,is

com

part

men

tatio

nby

mea

nso

ffire

-res

ista

ntw

alls

toth

efu

llhe

ight

oft

hee

nclo

sure

to

geth

erw

iths

uita

ble

fire-

resi

stan

tdoo

rsp

rovi

ding

an

appr

opria

ted

egre

eof

fire

re

sist

ance

put

inp

lace

tos

ub-d

ivid

ela

rge

area

s,s

epar

ate

bulk

sto

rage

are

asa

nd

lives

tock

and

seg

rega

tea

reas

ofh

igh

fire

risk?

(3.6

)

14.3

.7Is

car

eful

con

side

ratio

ngi

ven

toa

reas

whe

rea

irbr

icks

and

sim

ilar

prov

isio

ns

prov

ide

cros

sve

ntila

tion

toe

nsur

eth

atth

ese

don

otle

adto

the

spre

ado

fsm

oke

and

hotg

ases

too

ther

par

tso

fthe

pre

mis

es?

(3.7

)

14.3

.8Is

car

eta

ken

toe

nsur

eth

atc

ombu

stib

lem

ater

iali

sno

tpla

ced

near

ele

ctric

ligh

ts,

heat

ers

ore

quip

men

ttha

tmay

pro

duce

hea

twhe

nop

erat

ing?

(3.8

)

14.3

.9W

here

sto

ckre

arin

gem

ploy

sar

tifici

alh

eatin

g,is

the

oper

atio

nho

used

ina

de

tach

ed,p

urpo

sed

built

bui

ldin

gof

non

-com

bust

ible

con

stru

ctio

n?(3

.9)

14.4

Hea

ting

and

lig

htin

g (s

ectio

n 4)

14.4

.1D

oes

the

fire

risk

asse

ssm

entu

nder

take

nfo

rth

epr

emis

esc

onsi

der

the

num

ber,

type

,hei

ghta

bove

floo

rle

vela

ndp

rote

ctio

nof

the

heat

ers

prov

ided

inth

eco

ntex

tof

the

type

ofb

uild

ing,

nat

ure

ofth

eco

nstr

uctio

nan

dth

ety

pes

and

form

of

mat

eria

lss

tore

dor

inu

seth

ere,

incl

udin

gan

imal

feed

and

bed

ding

?(4

.1)

14.4

.2A

reth

efix

edh

eate

rsu

sed

ina

llag

ricul

tura

lacc

omm

odat

ion,

incl

udin

gan

imal

ho

uses

,pur

pose

mad

ean

din

stal

led

and

mai

ntai

ned

byc

ompe

tent

eng

inee

rs?

(4.2

)

16 17

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.4

.3A

reg

asfu

elle

dhe

ater

slo

cate

din

pos

ition

sw

here

they

will

notb

esu

bjec

tto

adr

augh

t?(4

.3)

14.4

.4A

rem

easu

res

take

nto

avo

ids

pace

hea

ters

bei

ngu

sed

with

fuel

oth

erth

anth

at

for

whi

chth

eya

res

peci

fical

lyd

esig

ned

with

outr

efer

ence

toth

em

anuf

actu

rers

or

supp

liers

oft

hee

quip

men

t?(4

.4)

14.4

.5Is

car

eta

ken

whe

nfit

ting

fixed

hea

ters

toe

nsur

eth

atth

eyc

anno

tcom

ein

to

cont

actw

itha

nim

als

orv

ehic

les

and

are

mai

ntai

ned

atle

ast1

mfr

oma

nim

alfe

ed,

stra

w,h

aya

ndo

ther

com

bust

ible

mat

eria

ls?

(4.5

)

14.4

.6Is

the

use

ofp

orta

ble

heat

ers

avoi

ded

whe

reve

rpo

ssib

le?

(Hea

ters

sho

uld

befi

rmly

fix

edto

wal

lso

rflo

ors

wel

lout

side

the

reac

hof

live

stoc

k.)(

4.6)

14.4

.7A

rea

llfo

rms

ofh

eatin

geq

uipm

enta

ndp

lant

regu

larly

insp

ecte

dan

dm

aint

aine

dby

ac

ompe

tent

per

son

inc

ompl

ianc

ew

ithth

em

anuf

actu

rer’s

reco

mm

enda

tions

?(4

.7)

14.4

.8A

reth

esa

fest

form

sof

hea

ting

for

anim

ala

ccom

mod

atio

nin

use

?(T

hese

are

w

ater

,low

pre

ssur

est

eam

or

war

ma

irbe

caus

eth

eya

ree

ffect

ive

atc

ompa

rativ

ely

low

tem

pera

ture

s.U

nder

floo

rhe

atin

gis

as

afe,

ifm

ore

cost

ly,a

ltern

ativ

e)(4

.8)

14.4

.9Is

ac

lear

spa

ceo

fatl

east

1m

mai

ntai

ned

arou

ndla

mps

use

dpr

imar

ilyfo

rhe

atin

gun

less

thes

ear

ean

inte

gral

par

tofp

ropr

ieta

rye

quip

men

tdes

igne

dfo

ran

imal

w

elfa

re?

(4.9

)

14.4

.10

Are

infra

-red

lam

pss

ecur

edb

ych

ains

ina

dditi

onto

any

oth

ers

uppo

rt?

(4.1

0)

14.4

.11

Are

all

heat

ers

and

light

sca

refu

llylo

cate

dan

dw

ells

ecur

eda

gain

sta

nim

al

mov

emen

t?(4

.11)

14.4

.12

Are

all

lam

psp

rote

cted

top

reve

ntth

ebu

ildu

pof

dus

ton

the

hots

urfa

ceo

fthe

bu

lb?

(4.1

2)

14.4

.13

Isc

are

take

nw

hen

plan

ning

the

loca

tions

ofh

igh

inte

nsity

dis

char

gela

mps

?(T

hey

shou

ldn

otb

esi

ted

dire

ctly

ove

rco

mbu

stib

lem

ater

ials

whe

reh

otp

artic

les

from

a

brok

enb

ulb

coul

dig

nite

mat

eria

lsb

elow

.)(4

.13.

1)

14.4

.14

Hig

hin

tens

ityd

isch

arge

lam

pss

houl

dal

sob

esi

ted

wel

law

ayfr

omc

ombu

stib

le

elem

ents

ofc

onst

ruct

ion?

(4.1

3.2)

14.4

.15

Are

new

lam

psfu

llye

nclo

sed?

(The

use

ofl

ight

fitt

ings

with

inte

gral

con

tain

men

tba

rrie

rsm

ade

ofte

mpe

red,

sod

alim

eor

bor

osilic

ate

glas

sis

reco

mm

ende

d.)

(4.1

3.3)

16 17

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.5

Ani

mal

acc

om

mo

dat

ion

(sec

tion

5)

14.5

.1Is

spe

cial

con

side

ratio

ngi

ven

toth

efir

ere

sist

ance

oft

hes

truc

ture

and

the

spre

ado

fflam

eof

the

inte

rnal

sur

face

s,e

spec

ially

inth

eca

seo

fbui

ldin

gs

hous

ing

lives

tock

?(5

.1)

14.5

.2A

ree

scap

ero

utes

for

lives

tock

pla

nned

top

rovi

dea

dire

ctro

ute

for

the

anim

als

too

pen

air

and

apl

ace

ofs

afet

yaw

ayfr

omth

efir

ew

ithth

em

inim

umo

fhum

an

inte

rven

tion?

(5.2

)

14.5

.3In

bui

ldin

gse

xcee

ding

30m

inle

ngth

,are

ther

eat

leas

ttw

oex

itslo

cate

das

far

apar

tas

poss

ible

,pre

fera

bly

ate

ach

end

ofth

ebu

ildin

g?(5

.3)

14.5

.4A

reth

equ

antit

ies

ofh

aya

nds

traw

sto

red

ina

nim

ala

ccom

mod

atio

nth

em

inim

um

nece

ssar

yfo

rth

eir

imm

edia

ten

eeds

?(5

.4)

14.5

.5Is

pow

ered

equ

ipm

enti

nten

ded

for

oper

atio

nin

ani

mal

acc

omm

odat

ion

purp

ose

mad

ean

d,w

here

nec

essa

ry,i

nsta

lled

bys

peci

alis

tcon

trac

tors

?(5

.5)

14.6

Inst

alla

tion

and

mai

nten

ance

of

gra

in d

ryer

s (s

ectio

n 6)

14.6

.1H

asa

spe

cific

ris

kas

sess

men

tbee

nca

rrie

dou

tfor

the

oper

atio

nin

com

plia

nce

with

the

Dan

gero

usS

ubst

ance

san

dE

xplo

sive

Atm

osph

eres

Reg

ulat

ions

200

2(D

SE

AR

)?(6

.1)

14.6

.2A

rec

rop

drye

rsh

ouse

din

det

ache

d,p

urpo

se-b

uilt

build

ings

ofn

on-c

ombu

stib

le

cons

truc

tion?

(6.2

)

14.6

.3Is

the

build

ing

atle

ast2

0mfr

oma

nyo

ther

bui

ldin

gor

sta

cko

fpro

duce

?(6

.3)

14.6

.4Is

the

build

ing

used

sol

ely

for

dryi

ngg

rain

whe

nth

isp

roce

ssis

inp

rogr

ess

unle

ss

the

drye

r(o

rth

eho

tair

furn

ace

ifse

para

te)i

sse

para

ted

from

oth

era

reas

by

aw

all

prov

idin

gat

leas

t120

-min

utes

’fire

resi

stan

cec

arrie

dup

tofu

llro

ofh

eigh

t?(6

.4)

14.6

.5A

rea

nyo

peni

ngs

inth

e12

0-m

inut

es’fi

rere

sist

antw

allfi

tted

with

fire

shu

tter

sw

ith

appr

opria

teth

irdp

arty

cer

tifica

tion

tod

emon

stra

teth

atth

eyp

rovi

deth

esa

me

degr

eeo

ffire

resi

stan

ce?

(6.5

)

14.6

.6W

here

pos

sibl

e,is

the

grai

ndr

yer

indi

rect

lyfi

red

usin

ga

heat

exc

hang

er?

(But

,if

othe

rwis

e,a

rea

dequ

ate

baffl

esp

rovi

ded

betw

een

the

furn

ace

and

the

dryi

ng

com

part

men

t?)(

6.6)

14.6

.7A

reth

edr

yer,

hota

irdu

cta

nda

llot

her

duct

s,p

latfo

rms,

ele

vato

rsa

ndc

onve

yors

co

nstr

ucte

dof

non

-com

bust

ible

mat

eria

l?(6

.7)

14.6

.8A

ree

lect

rical

driv

esfo

rth

edr

yer,

elev

ator

and

con

veyo

rco

nnec

ted

toth

eel

ectr

ical

in

stal

latio

nin

com

plia

nce

with

BS

767

1?(6

.8)

18 19

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.6

.9Is

any

exh

aust

or

flue

rout

edv

ertic

ally

thro

ugh

and

abov

eth

ero

ofo

rth

roug

han

ext

erna

lwal

lwith

the

hotg

ases

bei

ngd

isch

arge

dat

leas

t0.5

mc

lear

of

com

bust

ible

mat

eria

ls?

(6.9

)

14.6

.10

Ise

quip

men

tbur

ning

oil

ina

ccor

danc

ew

ithR

C9:

Rec

om

men

dat

ions

fo

r o

il fir

ed

inst

alla

tions

?(6

.10)

14.6

.11

Isth

eus

eof

tem

pora

rys

pace

hea

ters

avo

ided

ina

reas

whe

reg

rain

and

sim

ilar

prod

ucts

are

han

dled

bec

ause

oft

hep

oten

tialb

uild

up

ofd

usta

ndo

ther

eas

ily

igni

ted

mat

eria

ls?

(6.1

1)

14.6

.12

Isth

eeq

uipm

ento

pera

ted

acco

rdin

gto

the

man

ufac

ture

rs’i

nstr

uctio

nsa

nda

llte

mpe

ratu

rem

easu

ring

devi

ces,

ther

mos

tats

and

oth

era

utom

atic

con

trol

gea

rre

gula

rlym

aint

aine

dan

dse

rvic

edb

ya

com

pete

ntp

erso

nto

ens

ure

corr

ect

func

tioni

ng?

(6.1

2)

14.6

.13

Unl

ess

fitte

dw

itha

utom

atic

con

trol

equ

ipm

entd

esig

ned

tos

hutd

own

the

plan

tin

the

even

tofo

verh

eatin

g,is

ad

ryer

nev

erle

ftun

atte

nded

?(W

here

sui

tabl

eau

tom

atic

con

trol

equ

ipm

enti

sin

stal

led,

isp

lant

vis

ited

ath

ourly

inte

rval

s?)(

6.13

)

14.6

.14

Are

all

oper

ativ

estr

aine

din

the

emer

genc

ysh

utdo

wn

proc

edur

esfo

rth

epl

ant,

and

isa

rem

ote

isol

atio

nsw

itch

prov

ided

?(6

.14)

14.6

.15

Whe

ree

quip

men

tpol

ishe

s,in

add

ition

tod

ryin

ggr

ain,

isth

eeq

uipm

ents

ited

in

open

-sid

edo

rop

en-e

nded

bui

ldin

gsto

allo

wa

dequ

ate

vent

ilatio

nto

dis

pers

eth

edu

st?

(6.1

5)

14.6

.16

Isth

eai

rin

lett

oth

efa

nfo

rth

edr

yer

draw

ndi

rect

lyfr

omth

eop

ento

pre

vent

co

mbu

stib

lem

ater

ials

suc

has

dus

t,ch

affa

nds

traw

bei

ngd

raw

nin

toth

efu

rnac

e?

(6.1

6)

14.6

.17

Are

all

duct

san

dca

vitie

sw

here

dus

t,gr

ain

and

othe

rm

ater

ials

can

acc

umul

ate

clea

ned

outd

aily

and

the

spac

ear

ound

the

drye

rke

ptc

lear

ofd

ried

grai

nan

dot

her

com

bust

ible

mat

eria

ls?

(6.1

7)

14.6

.18

Isth

epl

ants

ervi

ced

annu

ally

by

the

man

ufac

ture

ror

ac

ompe

tent

eng

inee

rbe

fore

th

ese

ason

inw

hich

the

equi

pmen

tis

tob

eop

erat

ed?

(6.1

8)

14.6

.19

Are

tran

spor

tabl

edr

yers

ope

rate

don

har

dst

andi

nga

way

from

cro

psa

nd

com

bust

ible

und

ergr

owth

?(6

.19)

14.7

Sto

red

mat

eria

ls (s

ectio

n 7)

14.7

.1W

here

ver

poss

ible

,is

stor

edh

ayo

rst

raw

ins

tack

sof

reas

onab

les

ize

spre

adw

ell

apar

tand

loca

ted

atle

ast2

0mfr

omb

uild

ings

and

str

uctu

res?

(Its

houl

dal

sob

est

ored

aw

ayfr

omp

ublic

foot

path

s,ro

ads

and

railw

ays.

)(7.

1.1)

18 19

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.7

.2Is

hay

bal

edo

rst

acke

dw

hen

prop

erly

dry

?(7

.1.2

)

14.7

.3A

res

tack

sof

hay

test

edfo

rov

erhe

atin

gat

regu

lar

inte

rval

san

dth

efir

ean

dre

scue

se

rvic

eca

lled

ifth

ete

mpe

ratu

rer

ises

abo

ve7

0°C

?(7

.1.3

)

14.7

.4Is

vig

ilanc

eke

ptfo

rro

ttin

gsm

ells

com

ing

from

hay

and

bal

esw

hich

app

ear

low

er

inth

em

iddl

eas

the

hay

rots

aw

ay?

(7.1

.4)

14.7

.5S

elf-

heat

ing

can

also

occ

urin

sila

ge;i

sth

ecu

toft

heg

reen

mat

eria

lin

tow

ers

ilos

asu

nifo

rma

spo

ssib

lea

ndn

ote

xcee

ding

20m

m?

(7.1

.5)

14.7

.6In

the

case

ofs

ilage

,is

the

moi

stur

eco

nten

tmor

eth

an4

0%?

(7.1

.6)

14.7

.7A

reth

eba

sea

ndw

alls

oft

hes

ilofr

eefr

omh

oles

that

wou

lda

llow

the

entr

yof

air?

(7

.1.7

)

14.7

.8D

urin

gsi

lage

mak

ing,

isth

em

ater

ialc

onso

lidat

edto

rem

ove

air

byb

eing

spr

ead

even

ly?

(Ata

nyo

nep

erio

dof

load

ing,

isth

esi

lofi

lled

toa

min

imum

dep

tho

fno

mor

eth

an3

m?)

(7.1

.8)

14.7

.9U

nles

slo

adin

gis

sto

pped

for

ave

rys

hort

per

iod

ofti

me,

isth

esi

lop

rope

rlys

eale

dto

pre

vent

air

reac

hing

the

sila

ge?

(7.1

.9)

14.7

.10

Doe

sth

em

ater

ialu

sed

for

the

final

load

ing

have

as

high

am

oist

ure

cont

enta

spo

ssib

leto

form

an

effe

ctiv

ese

alo

rpl

ug?

(7.1

.10)

14.7

.11

Are

regu

lar

chec

ksk

epto

nth

ete

mpe

ratu

reo

fthe

sila

ge?

(7.1

.11)

14.7

.12

Isc

are

take

nto

pro

vide

suf

ficie

ntv

entil

atio

nto

pre

vent

an

accu

mul

atio

nof

m

etha

ned

urin

gth

esi

lage

form

ing

proc

ess?

(Ifp

rodu

ctio

nof

met

hane

iss

ough

tas

part

oft

hep

roce

ss,s

peci

alis

tadv

ice

shou

ldb

eso

ught

toe

nabl

eth

epr

oces

sto

be

unde

rtak

ens

afel

yan

def

fect

ivel

y.)(

7.1.

12)

14.7

.13

Isth

eha

ndlin

gof

gra

in,i

nclu

ding

the

fillin

gof

silo

san

dot

her

larg

eve

ssel

s,s

ubje

ct

toa

ris

kas

sess

men

tcar

ried

outi

nco

mpl

ianc

ew

ithD

SE

AR

?(7

.2.1

)

14.7

.14

Prio

rto

any

furt

her

proc

essi

ngo

rst

orag

e,is

drie

dgr

ain

allo

wed

toc

oolt

oam

bien

tte

mpe

ratu

rea

sa

prec

autio

nag

ains

tspo

ntan

eous

com

bust

ion?

(7.2

.2)

14.7

.15

Isg

rain

sto

rage

imm

edia

tely

afte

rdr

ying

with

ina

ded

icat

eds

tora

gefa

cilit

yeq

uipp

edw

itha

larm

mon

itore

dte

mpe

ratu

rep

robe

sto

ale

rta

tten

tion

shou

ldth

eco

rete

mpe

ratu

rer

ise?

(7.2

.3)

14.7

.16

Whe

rea

silo

isu

sed

for

stor

age

isit

ofp

ropr

ieta

ryd

esig

nan

dco

nstr

ucte

dby

sp

ecia

liste

ngin

eers

?(7

.2.4

)

20 21

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.7

.17

Are

the

silo

and

ass

ocia

ted

extr

aneo

usm

etal

par

tse

lect

rical

lyb

onde

dan

dea

rthe

dto

pre

vent

ab

uild

up

ofs

tatic

ele

ctric

ity(w

itha

nea

rthi

ngc

able

pro

vide

dfo

rbo

ndin

gde

liver

yve

hicl

es)?

(7.2

.5)

14.7

.18

Do

alls

taff

requ

ired

tolo

ado

run

load

gra

ins

ilos

rece

ive

suita

ble

inst

ruct

ion

in

the

haza

rds

asso

ciat

edw

ithth

epr

oces

san

dth

em

easu

res

they

sho

uld

take

to

min

imis

ean

you

tbre

ako

ffire

?(7

.2.6

)

14.7

.19

Are

all

silo

ssu

bjec

tto

regu

lar

insp

ectio

nan

dm

aint

enan

ceb

ya

com

pete

nt

engi

neer

?(7

.2.7

)

14.7

.20

Are

agr

oche

mic

als

stor

eda

way

from

oth

erm

ater

ials

so

that

they

are

not

exp

osed

to

fire

sor

igin

atin

gin

,for

exa

mpl

e,h

aya

nds

traw

?(7

.3.1

)

14.7

.21

Are

the

quan

titie

sof

pro

duct

sco

ntai

ning

sig

nific

antq

uant

ities

ofh

azar

dous

m

ater

ials

,suc

has

nitr

ates

,sto

red

ons

itek

eptt

oth

em

inim

umc

onsi

sten

twith

ef

ficie

ntfa

rmo

pera

tions

?(7

.3.2

)

14.7

.22

Whe

nse

lect

ing

ast

orag

ear

ea,a

rec

heck

sm

ade

asto

whe

rea

nyfi

refig

htin

gw

ater

w

illru

n?(7

.3.3

)

14.7

.23

Are

spi

llage

sof

agr

oche

mic

als

and

othe

rm

ater

ials

inth

eir

vici

nity

cle

aned

up

prom

ptly

top

reve

ntc

onta

min

atio

n,s

uch

asth

eco

ntam

inat

ion

offe

rtilis

ers

byo

ilor

di

esel

fuel

?(7

.3.4

)

14.7

.24

Isa

nup

-to-

date

inve

ntor

yof

the

agro

chem

ical

sbe

ing

stor

eda

ndu

sed

mai

ntai

ned

and

mad

eav

aila

ble

for

insp

ectio

nby

rele

vant

aut

horit

ies?

(7.3

.5)

14.7

.25

Are

war

ning

sig

nsa

ppro

pria

teto

the

type

sof

mat

eria

lsb

eing

sto

red

disp

laye

dpr

omin

ently

on

allb

uild

ings

use

dfo

rth

est

orag

eof

agr

oche

mic

als?

(7.3

.6)

14.7

.26

Isin

form

atio

npr

ovid

edto

the

fire

and

resc

ues

ervi

cere

gard

ing

the

natu

rea

nd

quan

titie

sof

haz

ardo

usm

ater

ials

sto

red

oru

sed

ons

ite?

(7.3

.7)

14.7

.27

Isin

form

atio

npr

ovid

edb

ysu

pplie

rsre

latin

gto

the

prop

ertie

s,s

tora

gea

ndu

seo

fag

roch

emic

als

read

and

obs

erve

dan

dm

ade

avai

labl

efo

rst

affa

ndfi

rea

ndre

scue

se

rvic

ere

fere

nce?

(7.3

.8)

14.7

.28

Do

alls

taff

likel

yto

han

dle

oru

sea

groc

hem

ical

sre

ceiv

esu

itabl

etr

aini

ngin

the

haza

rds

invo

lved

and

the

actio

nsth

ats

houl

dbe

take

nin

the

even

tofa

fire

?(7

.3.9

)

14.7

.29

Inth

eev

ento

fafi

rein

volv

ing

herb

icid

es,f

ertil

iser

san

dth

elik

e:•

are

alls

taff

awar

eof

the

need

tore

mai

nup

win

dof

the

smok

ean

dto

xic

gase

s?;

•if

poss

ible

isth

ebu

ildin

gve

ntila

ted

tom

inim

ise

the

prod

uctio

nof

toxi

cga

ses?

;an

d•

top

reve

ntfi

refig

htin

gru

nof

fwat

erfr

omc

onta

min

atin

gw

ater

cou

rses

,is

cons

ider

atio

ngi

ven

toa

llow

ing

afir

eto

bur

nou

tund

erc

ontr

olle

dco

nditi

ons?

(7

.3.1

0)

20 21

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.7

.30

Are

all

spoi

ltfe

rtilis

era

nds

imila

rpr

oduc

tsd

ispo

sed

ofs

afel

yfo

llow

ing

afir

e?

(7.3

.10)

14.7

.31

Isth

est

orag

eof

flam

mab

leli

quid

s,s

uch

asp

etro

l,di

esel

fuel

,oils

,sol

vent

san

dca

ttle

dip

sin

acc

orda

nce

with

RC

20:R

eco

mm

end

atio

ns f

or

fire

safe

ty in

th

e st

ora

ge

and

use

of

hig

hly

flam

mab

le a

nd fl

amm

able

liq

uid

san

dR

C57

:S

tora

ge

in e

xter

nal fi

xed

tan

ks?

(7.4

.1)

14.7

.32

Isth

edi

spen

sing

are

aar

ound

sto

rage

con

tain

ers

and

tank

sm

aint

aine

dto

ah

igh

stan

dard

ofc

lean

lines

san

dfre

eof

pot

entia

lign

ition

sou

rces

?(7

.4.2

)

14.7

.33

Whe

reve

rpo

ssib

le,i

sco

nsid

erat

ion

give

nto

repl

acin

gfla

mm

able

liqu

ids,

suc

has

sp

rays

and

cro

ptr

eatm

ents

,with

sui

tabl

ew

ater

-bas

eda

ltern

ativ

es?

(7.4

.3)

14.7

.34

Isth

em

anuf

actu

reo

fbio

dies

elc

arrie

dou

tin

acco

rdan

cew

ithR

C46

:Fire

saf

ety

in

the

man

ufac

ture

of

bio

die

sel f

uel?

(7.4

.4)

14.7

.35

Iss

peci

alis

tadv

ice

soug

htw

hen

othe

rha

zard

ous

proc

esse

s,s

uch

asth

epr

oduc

tion

ofb

ioga

sfro

mw

aste

or

biom

ass

mat

eria

ls,i

sbe

ing

unde

rtak

en?

(7.4

.5)

14.7

.36

Are

cyl

inde

rso

fliq

uefie

dpe

trol

eum

gas

(LP

G)a

ndo

ther

gas

ess

tore

dan

dus

edin

ac

cord

ance

with

RC

8:R

eco

mm

end

atio

ns f

or

the

sto

rag

e, u

se a

nd h

and

ling

of

com

mo

n in

dus

tria

l gas

es in

cyl

ind

ers

incl

udin

g L

PG

?(7

.5.1

)

14.7

.37

Isth

enu

mbe

rof

cyl

inde

rso

fcom

pres

sed

flam

mab

leg

ases

,esp

ecia

llya

cety

lene

,st

ored

on

the

farm

min

imis

ed?

(7.5

.2)

14.8

Cro

p, w

oo

dla

nd a

nd u

nder

gro

wth

fire

s (s

ectio

n 8)

14.8

.1A

rer

ipe

crop

spr

otec

ted

agai

nsta

llso

urce

sof

igni

tion?

(8.1

.1)

14.8

.2A

res

uita

ble

mea

sure

sta

ken

toe

nsur

eth

atp

artie

sof

sch

oolc

hild

ren

and

sim

ilar

grou

psa

rea

dequ

atel

ysu

perv

ised

whe

nvi

sitin

gfa

rmp

rem

ises

?(8

.1.2

)

14.8

.3In

woo

dlan

dw

here

ther

ear

esu

stai

nabl

ecr

ops

oftr

ees,

are

new

see

dlin

gsp

lant

ed

soa

sto

pro

vide

an

adeq

uate

fire

bre

akb

etw

een

area

sw

hen

the

tree

sha

ve

mat

ured

?(8

.1.3

)

14.8

.4Is

str

awfr

omfi

elds

bal

eda

ndc

arte

dor

cho

pped

and

plo

ughe

din

toth

eso

ilbe

fore

es

tabl

ishi

ngth

ene

xtc

rop?

(8.2

.1)

14.9

Bur

ning

of

was

te m

ater

ials

(sec

tion

9)

14.9

.1Is

the

burn

ing

ofw

aste

and

veg

etat

ion

avoi

ded

unle

ssa

bsol

utel

yne

cess

ary?

(9.1

)

14.9

.2Is

all

was

teb

urni

ngs

ubje

ctto

afi

rer

isk

asse

ssm

ent?

(9.2

)

22 23

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.9

.3If

burn

ing

ofw

aste

mat

eria

lsis

bei

ngc

onsi

dere

d,h

asp

rior

appr

oval

bee

nob

tain

ed

from

the

Env

ironm

entA

genc

yfo

rE

ngla

nda

ndW

ales

,the

Sco

ttis

hE

nviro

nmen

tP

rote

ctio

nA

genc

yor

the

Env

ironm

enta

ndH

erita

geP

rote

ctio

nS

ervi

cein

Nor

ther

nIre

land

,as

appr

opria

te?

(9.3

)

14.9

.4A

refi

res

only

lito

nop

eng

roun

dth

ath

asb

een

clea

red

ofu

nder

grow

tha

ndis

far

enou

ghre

mov

ed(t

ypic

ally

50m

)so

that

ther

eis

no

risk

ofn

earb

ycr

ops,

sto

rage

ar

eas,

bui

ldin

gs,s

truc

ture

sor

nei

ghbo

urin

gpr

oper

tyb

eing

set

alig

htb

ybu

rnin

gbr

ands

?(9

.4)

14.9

.5A

rem

ater

ials

onl

ybu

rnti

na

prop

erly

des

igne

din

cine

rato

r?(T

hein

cine

rato

rm

ust

bes

ited

and

mai

ntai

ned

ina

ccor

danc

ew

ithth

em

anuf

actu

rer’s

reco

mm

enda

tions

)(9

.5)

14.9

.6Is

ap

erm

anen

tfire

wat

chm

aint

aine

dby

an

omin

ated

per

son?

(9.6

)

14.9

.7D

oes

the

nom

inat

edp

erso

nha

ves

uita

ble

fire

extin

guis

hers

,bea

ters

con

sist

ing

ofp

oles

with

sho

rtle

ngth

sof

ath

ick

fabr

ico

rru

bber

(suc

has

old

con

veyo

rbe

lt)

atta

ched

toth

een

dso

rot

her

equi

pmen

tto

hand

as

appr

opria

teto

figh

tafi

rea

nd

are

staf

ftra

ined

inth

eir

use?

(9.7

)

14.9

.8Is

mat

eria

lto

beb

urnt

che

cked

for

dang

erou

site

ms

such

as

empt

ycy

linde

rs,

aero

solc

ans

and

flam

mab

les

ubst

ance

s?(9

.8)

14.9

.9Is

bur

ning

avo

ided

nea

ror

ben

eath

ove

rhea

dca

bles

?(9

.9)

14.9

.10

Isth

ere

apr

ohib

ition

on

the

use

offl

amm

able

liqu

ids

toa

ssis

tin

the

igni

tion

of

fires

?(9

.10)

14.1

0Ve

hicl

es a

nd f

arm

eq

uip

men

t (s

ectio

n 10

)

14.1

0.1

Whe

nno

tin

use,

are

farm

veh

icle

sga

rage

din

as

ecur

ebu

ildin

g,p

rope

rly

mai

ntai

ned

and

kept

as

clea

nas

pos

sibl

eto

pre

vent

ab

uild

up

ofd

ust,

stra

w,g

rain

an

dsi

mila

rm

ater

ials

?(1

0.1.

1)

14.1

0.2

Are

farm

veh

icle

sho

used

sec

urel

yin

ad

etac

hed

build

ing

kept

sol

ely

for

that

pu

rpos

e?(1

0.1.

2)

14.1

0.3

Ifa

fire

wer

eto

occ

ur,i

tmay

be

nece

ssar

yfo

rve

hicl

esa

ndm

achi

nery

tob

eev

acua

ted

from

the

build

ing.

Isa

nem

erge

ncy

plan

toa

ffect

this

dra

wn

upa

nd

rehe

arse

d?(1

0.1.

3)

14.1

0.4

Isa

cces

sto

the

vehi

cle

shed

mai

ntai

ned

clea

rto

allo

wth

eve

hicl

esto

be

driv

eno

rto

wed

aw

ayfr

omth

ebu

ildin

gin

an

emer

genc

y?(1

0.1.

4)

14.1

0.5

Isv

eget

atio

non

rout

esre

gula

rlyu

sed

byfa

rmv

ehic

les

cuts

hort

top

reve

ntc

onta

ct

with

veh

icle

exh

aust

s?(1

0.1.

5)

22 23

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.1

0.6

Are

eng

ines

allo

wed

toc

oolb

efor

ebe

ing

shee

ted

over

?(1

0.1.

6)

14.1

0.7

Iss

erio

usc

onsi

dera

tion

give

nto

inst

allin

ga

fixed

fire

sup

pres

sion

sys

tem

inth

een

gine

bay

(s)o

fexp

ensi

veo

rbu

sine

ssc

ritic

alm

achi

nery

?(1

0.1.

7)

14.1

0.8

Isth

ere

apr

ohib

ition

on

fillin

gfu

elta

nks

ofm

achi

nery

ope

rate

dby

pet

rolo

rdi

esel

fu

elw

hile

the

engi

neis

run

ning

?(1

0.1.

8)

14.1

0.9

Isth

ere

apr

ohib

ition

on

fillin

gth

efu

elta

nks

ofh

arve

ster

san

dtr

acto

rsc

lose

to

stan

ding

cro

ps,s

traw

bal

eso

rsi

mila

rco

mbu

stib

lem

ater

ials

?(1

0.1.

9)

14.1

0.10

Isa

nyfu

elle

akre

paire

dim

med

iate

ly?

(10.

1.10

)

14.1

0.11

Isre

trie

valo

ffue

lfro

mfa

rmv

ehic

les

ore

quip

men

tonl

yun

dert

aken

usi

ng

prop

rieta

ryfu

elre

trie

vale

quip

men

tin

acco

rdan

cew

ithth

em

anuf

actu

rer’s

in

stru

ctio

ns?

(10.

1.11

)

14.1

0.12

Are

exh

aust

s,s

ilenc

ers

and

baffl

esc

heck

edre

gula

rlyfo

rde

fect

san

dre

plac

eda

sne

cess

ary?

(10.

12)

14.1

0.13

Ise

lect

rical

wiri

ngp

rote

cted

aga

inst

the

effe

cts

ofr

ainw

ater

?(1

0.1.

13)

14.1

0.14

Whe

rea

ppro

pria

te,i

seq

uipm

entb

onde

dan

dea

rthe

dto

pre

vent

the

build

up

of

stat

ice

lect

ricity

?(1

0.1.

14)

14.1

0.15

Isa

lleq

uipm

entm

aint

aine

dan

dlu

bric

ated

ina

ccor

danc

ew

ithth

em

anuf

actu

rer’s

se

rvic

esc

hedu

le?

(10.

1.15

)

14.1

0.16

Are

spa

rety

res

stor

edin

aw

ellv

entil

ated

are

aaw

ayfr

oms

ourc

eso

fign

ition

with

us

edty

res

stor

edin

as

imila

rfa

shio

nif

awai

ting

re-u

se?

10.1

.16)

14.1

0.17

Inth

eca

seo

fcon

veyo

rsa

nde

leva

tors

,is

the

tens

ioni

ngo

fdriv

eor

con

veyo

rbe

lts

chec

ked

regu

larly

?(1

0.1.

17)

14.1

0.18

Isc

ombu

stib

lem

ater

ial,

such

as

loos

est

raw

and

hay

,pre

vent

edfr

omb

uild

ing

up

inth

eim

med

iate

vic

inity

ofs

tatic

equ

ipm

ent?

(10.

1.18

)

14.1

0.19

Isa

car

eful

wat

chk

eptf

orfi

res

star

ting

ing

rass

grin

ders

,ele

vato

rs,c

onve

yors

an

dsi

mila

req

uipm

enta

sa

resu

ltof

fric

tiona

lhea

tor

bys

park

scr

eate

dby

sto

nes,

m

etal

and

sim

ilar

fore

ign

bodi

esp

assi

ngth

roug

hth

em

achi

nery

?(1

0.1.

19)

14.1

0.20

Are

wat

erb

oile

rsfi

tted

with

ath

erm

osta

tand

ath

erm

alc

uto

utin

cas

eof

wat

er

bein

glo

st?

(10.

1.20

)

14.1

0.21

Isfa

rmm

achi

nery

con

tain

ing

ara

dioa

ctiv

eso

urce

cle

arly

labe

lled?

(10.

1.21

)

24 25

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.1

0.22

Iss

pray

ing

equi

pmen

tsite

dou

tsid

eth

ear

eain

whi

chs

pray

ing

isto

be

unde

rtak

en

top

reve

nts

park

s,h

ote

ngin

esa

nde

xhau

sts

com

ing

into

con

tact

with

str

awa

nd

othe

rco

mbu

stib

lem

ater

ials

?(1

0.2.

1)

14.1

0.23

Isa

leng

tho

fnon

-com

bust

ible

pip

ing

fitte

dbe

twee

nth

esp

rayi

nge

quip

men

tand

th

eite

ms

tob

epr

oces

sed?

(10.

2.2)

14.1

0.24

Isa

spa

rkg

uard

fitt

edto

the

spra

yno

zzle

?(1

0.2.

3)

14.1

0.25

Bef

ore

com

men

cing

fogg

ing,

isa

sui

tabl

ean

dsu

ffici

entfi

rer

isk

asse

ssm

ent

unde

rtak

en,w

iths

peci

aln

ote

bein

gta

ken

toe

limin

ate

any

pote

ntia

lign

ition

ha

zard

sin

the

inte

nded

are

aof

use

?(1

0.2.

4)

14.1

0.26

As

with

all

othe

rsp

ecia

liste

quip

men

t,ar

eth

em

anuf

actu

rer’s

inst

ruct

ions

and

m

aint

enan

cere

quire

men

tso

bser

ved?

(10.

2.5)

14.1

0.27

Isth

eeq

uipm

entu

sed

sole

lyfo

rits

des

igne

dpu

rpos

e?(1

0.2.

6)

14.1

1F

ire p

rote

ctio

n (s

ectio

n 11

)

14.1

1.1

Isa

fire

war

ning

sys

tem

pro

vide

dw

here

ope

ratio

nsa

rec

arrie

dou

tins

ide

build

ings

?(1

1.1.

1)

14.1

1.2

Whe

rein

dica

ted

byth

efir

eris

kas

sess

men

t,ha

sse

rious

con

side

ratio

nbe

eng

iven

to

the

inst

alla

tion

ofa

nau

tom

atic

fire

det

ectio

nan

dal

arm

inst

alla

tion,

esp

ecia

lly

inb

uild

ings

whe

reth

ere

has

been

sig

nific

anti

nves

tmen

tin

vehi

cles

,pla

nto

rliv

esto

ck?

(11.

1.2)

14.1

1.3

Doe

sth

efir

eal

arm

sou

ndin

the

stru

ctur

ein

whi

chth

efir

eis

det

ecte

d(e

ither

m

anua

llyo

rau

tom

atic

ally

)and

inth

ear

eaim

med

iate

lyo

utsi

des

oas

tos

umm

on

assi

stan

ce,e

spec

ially

whe

rea

nim

als

have

tob

eev

acua

ted?

(11.

1.3)

14.1

1.4

Isa

regu

lar

clea

ning

regi

me

inp

lace

as

part

oft

hero

utin

em

aint

enan

ceo

fau

tom

atic

fire

det

ecto

rs?

(11.

1.4)

14.1

1.5

Inla

rge

oper

atio

ns,h

asc

onsi

dera

tion

been

giv

ento

link

ing

the

cont

rolp

anel

sof

sep

arat

ein

stal

latio

nsto

ac

entr

alp

oint

,suc

has

the

farm

offi

ce,a

ndto

a

com

mer

cial

ala

rmre

ceiv

ing

cent

re,w

hich

can

ale

rtth

efir

ean

dre

scue

ser

vice

w

ithou

tdel

ay,e

spec

ially

inth

eev

ento

fafi

rea

tnig

ht?

(11.

1.5)

14.1

1.6

Are

all

agric

ultu

ralb

uild

ings

pro

vide

dw

itha

sui

tabl

enu

mbe

rof

app

ropr

iate

po

rtab

lefi

ree

xtin

guis

hers

,app

rove

dan

dce

rtifi

cate

dby

an

inde

pend

ent,

third

-pa

rty

cert

ifica

tion

body

,in

acco

rdan

cew

ithB

S5

306-

8?(1

1.2.

1)

14.1

1.7

Isp

orta

ble

firefi

ghtin

geq

uipm

enta

vaila

ble

whe

rere

quire

din

oth

ere

xter

nala

reas

an

don

farm

veh

icle

s?(W

here

fire

ext

ingu

ishe

rsa

ree

xpos

edto

the

envi

ronm

ent,

are

they

pro

tect

edb

ypr

oprie

tary

cab

inet

sor

cov

erin

gs?)

(11.

2.2)

24 25

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.1

1.8

Whe

ree

xtin

guis

hers

are

pro

vide

din

unh

eate

dbu

ildin

gs,i

nex

tern

ala

reas

or

onv

ehic

les,

has

as

uita

ble

anti-

freez

eag

entb

een

adde

dto

the

cont

ents

of

wat

er-

base

dex

tingu

ishe

rsb

yth

ese

rvic

een

gine

era

tthe

tim

eof

the

annu

al

serv

icin

gof

the

equi

pmen

t?(1

1.2.

3)

14.1

1.9

Are

all

fire

extin

guis

hers

ser

vice

dat

leas

tann

ually

by

aco

mpe

tent

eng

inee

rin

co

mpl

ianc

ew

ithB

S5

306-

3an

dm

ore

frequ

ently

whe

red

eter

min

edb

yth

efir

eris

kas

sess

men

t?(1

1.2.

4)

14.1

1.10

Isa

nye

xtin

guis

her

that

has

bee

nda

mag

edo

rpa

rtia

llyu

sed

repl

aced

with

out

dela

y?(1

1.2.

5)

14.1

1.11

Do

sprin

kler

inst

alla

tions

com

ply

with

the

LPC

Rul

es f

or

Sp

rink

ler

Inst

alla

tions

in

corp

ora

ting

BS

EN

128

45?

(And

are

they

des

igne

d,in

stal

led

and

mai

ntai

ned

bya

nen

gine

erw

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tion

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nin

depe

nden

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KA

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ccre

dite

dth

irdp

arty

ce

rtifi

catio

nbo

dy?)

(14.

2.6)

14.1

1.12

Are

onl

ydr

yor

pre

-act

ion

sprin

kler

sys

tem

sin

stal

led

inu

nhea

ted

build

ings

?(1

1.2.

7)

14.1

1.13

Isa

spr

inkl

ers

yste

ma

bsen

tin

the

grai

nst

ores

?(1

1.2.

8)

14.1

1.14

Hav

eth

efir

ean

dre

scue

ser

vice

and

an

appr

opria

tes

peci

alis

tbee

nco

nsul

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rega

rdin

gth

epr

ovis

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ofw

ater

for

firefi

ghtin

gpu

rpos

esa

ndw

ater

sup

plie

sfo

rsp

rinkl

ers

yste

ms

resp

ectiv

ely?

(11.

2.9)

14.1

1.15

Has

the

fire

and

resc

ues

ervi

ceu

nobs

truc

ted

acce

ssto

hyd

rant

san

dot

her

wat

er

supp

lies

rele

vant

toth

esi

te?

(11.

2.10

)

14.1

1.16

Whe

reth

epr

ovis

ion

ofo

ther

form

sof

por

tabl

efir

efigh

ting

equi

pmen

tis

notv

iabl

e,

such

as

inw

oods

and

on

heat

hlan

d,a

refi

rep

oint

sse

tup

and

cons

picu

ousl

ysi

gned

?(1

1.2.

11)

14.1

2Li

ght

ning

pro

tect

ion

(sec

tion

12)

14.1

2.1

Are

ligh

tnin

gpr

otec

tion

syst

ems

mai

ntai

ned

perio

dica

lly,n

orm

ally

ann

ually

,to

assu

rem

axim

ump

rote

ctio

nan

dsa

fety

?(1

2.1)

14.1

3S

ecur

ity a

gai

nst

del

iber

ate

fire

rais

ing

(sec

tion

13)

14.1

3.1

Doe

sth

epo

ssib

ility

ofa

rson

form

am

ajor

par

toft

hefi

rer

isk

asse

ssm

ent

unde

rtak

enfo

rth

esi

teu

nder

the

Reg

ulat

ory

Ref

orm

(Fire

Saf

ety)

Ord

er2

005?

(1

3.1)

26 27

Yes

No

N/A

Acti

on r

equir

ed

Due d

ate

Sig

n

on c

om

ple

tion

14.1

3.2

Isth

ese

curit

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farm

pre

mis

esa

gain

stfi

res

caus

edb

yva

ndal

ism

,ars

ona

nd

care

less

mem

bers

oft

hep

ublic

take

nin

toa

ccou

ntw

hen

plan

ning

the

loca

tion

and

desi

gno

fnew

pro

pert

y?(1

3.2)

14.1

3.3

Ifbu

ildin

gsh

ave

tob

ene

arro

ads,

pub

licfo

otpa

ths,

pla

ying

fiel

dso

rot

her

area

sto

w

hich

larg

enu

mbe

rso

fmem

bers

oft

hep

ublic

hav

eac

cess

,are

they

free

ofo

pen

side

sor

hav

eea

sya

cces

sde

nied

from

the

affe

cted

sid

es?

(13.

3)

14.1

3.4

Are

bui

ldin

gss

ecur

eag

ains

tuna

utho

rised

ent

ryw

ithou

tadv

erse

lya

ffect

ing

mea

ns

ofe

scap

ein

cas

eof

fire

?(1

3.4)

14.1

3.5

Are

fenc

esa

ndg

ates

sur

roun

ding

bui

ldin

gs,a

sw

ella

sth

ose

prot

ectin

gliv

esto

ck,

kept

ing

ood

repa

ir?(1

3.5)

26 27

ANNEX A

Spontaneous combustion in hay

– indicators and risk improvements

Microbialgrowthandchemicalreactionsoccurwithinbaledhay

when concentrations of moisture, oxygen and density create

the right conditions for self-heating. Spontaneous combustion

canthenfollow,generallywithin4to6weeksofbaling,buton

occasionsupto2monthslater.

Humidity

The wetter the hay the more likely it is that spontaneous

combustionwilloccur. Ifhay isstackedwhen ithasmorethan

about20%moisturecontentthehaynotonlylosesforagequality

butalsohasariskofself-heating.Inaddition,thewetterthehay

thelongertheperiodatwhichitwillremainatrisk.

Allhaybaledabove15%moisturecontentwillshowsomesign

oftemperatureelevationforthefirstfewweeksinstorage,thisis

normalandisknownas‘sweating’.Steamrisingfrombalesofhay

isoneoftheearlysignsofthiscondition.Condensationmayalso

appearontheroofofthebuildingandontheeavesandmouldwill

oftenbepresentonthesesurfaces.

Temperature

Self-heating of hay bales is one of the earliest signs that

spontaneous ignition may later occur. The temperature inside

the stack rises and when the internal temperature reaches in

excessof55°Cthebiologicalreactionsthatinitiatedtheheating

arereplacedbyachemicalreaction(oxidisation)thataccelerates

theself-heatingprocess.

During ‘sweating’ the temperaturepeaksatbetween51°Cand

54°C within three to seven days. Temperatures then normally

declinetosafelevelsoverthenext15to60days,dependingupon

thedensityofthestack.

Monitoringthetemperatureofthehaydailyduringthefirstweeks

ofstorageisanecessaryprecaution.

Smells

Duringself-heatingbutbeforespontaneousignition,haywillgive

offasmellsimilartotobacco,butsometimesdescribedasmusty

orlikecaramel.

Smoke

Smoke(notsteam)isawarningsignthatoxidisationisoccurring

withinthestackandaclearsignthatspontaneouscombustion

couldbeimminent.Caremustbetakenasattemptingtomoveor

breakopenbalesatthisstagewillallowmoreoxygentoenterand

causeignitiontotakeplace.

Itisessentialthatthefollowingprecautionsaretakentoreduce

theriskofspontaneousignitionofstackedhay:

Storagearrangements

Barnsandotherstructuresused for thestorageofhayshould

have as much ventilation as possible. Hay storage barns are

normallydesignedespeciallyforthispurposewithopensides.

Ifthehaytobebaledisinsmallrectangularbales,airchannels

shouldbeprovidedleadingtotheoutsideofthestackaseach

layerofbalesisplaced.Thebalesshouldideallybestackedon

theirnarrowside(ie‘onedge’withthecutsidehorizontal).Bales

stackedontheirsideinthiswaycannotbestackedastightlyas

bales stacked flat, thus allowing more air movement through

thestack.

If wetter, greener or heavier bales are identified, these should

beplacedat theoutsideof the stackwhere theyhavegreater

exposuretoair,andnotinthemiddlewheretheyareinsulatedby

thesurroundingbales.

Humidity

To avoid fires, hay should be harvested and stored as dry as

possible.Itisessentialtomeasurethehumidityofthehaybefore

andafterharvesting.

Forsafestorage,small,rectangularbalesshouldnotexceed18to

22percentmoisture,andlargeroundorrectangularbalesshould

notexceed16to18percentmoisture.Inaddition,thehayshould

becheckedregularlyforupto2monthsafterbalingandstorage.

Ifaslightcaramelodourormustysmellcanbedetected, then

this isanindicationthatthehayinthemiddleofthestackmay

be self-heating. Some heating (sweating) must be expected,

but at this point checking the moisture content is too late. If

heatingisthoughttobetakingplaceitisessentialtomonitorthe

temperatureofthehayatleastdaily.

Temperature

During the first14daysafter storage regulardaily temperature

readingsshouldbetakenfromdifferentareasusingalongprobe

tomeasuretemperaturedeepwithinthestack.

Temperature Diagnostic feature

55°Corless ‘Normal’or‘safe’temperature

60°CHayturnsbrownandbecomes‘sweet’duetocaramelisation

65°CThebeginningofthedangerzone–haybeginstoblacken.Spontaneouscombustionispossible.

70°CDanger–measurethetemperatureeveryfourhoursandbepreparedtocallthefirebrigade

80°CCallthefirebrigadeandcommencewettingthehaydown

28 29

ANNEX B

Straw and stubble burning – what is allowed

EnglandandWales

InEnglandandWalestheburningofcerealstraw,cerealstubble

ortheresiduesfromothercropssuchasoilseedrape,fieldbeans

andpeas isnotpermitted.Therearea fewexemptions to this

ban. These include residues from linseed crops as, in some

circumstances,soilandclimaticconditionscancombinetomake

burning linseed residues the only practicable disposal method.

Broken bales, old straw stacks and straw used for animal

beddingmayalsostillbeburned.Further informationregarding

exemptionsmaybeobtainedfromthelocalauthority.

On the rare occasions where burning is to be undertaken, it

should be subject to an assessment, taking into account the

strengthanddirectionof thewind, themoisturecontentof the

surroundingcropsorgrasslandandtheweatherforecast.Further

adviceissetoutinAnnexC.

Scotland

Whiletheburningofstubbleandstrawisstronglydiscouragedby

environmentalregulators,itisstillpermissibleinScotland.

Evenwherestrawandstubbleburningisallowedyoumustnot

emitdarksmoke.(Darksmokeisfinelydividedparticlesofmatter

suspendedintheairasavisiblecloud.)Furtheradviceissetout

inAnnexC.

NorthernIreland

InNorthernIrelandtheburningofstubbleandstrawintheopen

on the farm is strongly discouraged. If there is no alternative,

burningwillbeallowedifthereisanexemptionregisteredwiththe

NorthernIrelandEnvironmentAgency(NIEA)andtheDepartment

of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) guidelines

arefollowed.

RegisteringforexemptioninNorthernIrelandallowswasteplant

tissuetobeburntintheopen.Thisrelatesto:

• burning of logs, branches from fallen or felled trees, or

hedgecuttings;

• burningofuntreatedtimberfromfencemending;and

• burningofcerealstraworcerealstubble.

However,thefollowingmaterialsmaynotbeburntintheopen:

• other kinds of waste, such as paper or cardboard

packaging;

• hazardouswastes;and

• wastematerialsbroughtinfromotherpremises.

Inthesecircumstances,upto10tonnesofwastemaybeburntin

any24-hourperiod,but:

• wastematerialsaretobeburnedintheopenonabonfire;

• theburningmustbecarriedoutby thepersonwhohas

producedthewaste;

• theburningmustbecarriedoutattheplaceofproduction

(forexampleatthefarmwheretreeswerecutdown).

Theashmaybeincorporatedintothesoilifitisfromtheburning

ofcerealstraworcerealstubble.

Evenifstrawandstubbleburningisallowed,darksmokemustnot

beproduced.InNorthernIrelandtheemissionofdarksmokeis

anoffenceundertheCleanAir(NorthernIreland(NI))Order1981

(ref.30)and, ifsmokecausesanuisance,undersection107of

thePublicHealthAct1878(ref.31)localcouncilsmaytakeaction.

28 29

ANNEX C

Fire safety when burning

ThefollowingadviceistakenfromTheCropResidues(Burning)

Regulations1993(ref.39).

When can I burn?

•Burning is not permitted on Saturdays, Sundays, or

BankHolidays.

•Do not light any fire before sunrise or later than one hour

beforesunset(sunsetfalls30minutesbeforelightinguptime).

Itisanoffencetoburn:

•within100mofamotorway,dualcarriageway,any‘A’roador

railway line.Youshouldnevercommenceburningwhenthe

smokemayobscurethevisibilityonanyroad.

Firebreaks

•Firebreaksmustbeploughedaroundtheareatobeburned.

•Thesebreaksmustbeatleast10mwidewhenburningcereal

strawandstubbleandatleast5mwideforotherresidues.

Protecting vulnerable objects

•Burningisprohibitedwithin15mifburningcerealresiduesor

within5mforotherresiduestosafeguardvulnerableobjects,

whichinclude:

• treetrunks(includingcoppiceandshrubland);

• hedgerows;

• fences (not the property of the land upon which the

burningiscarriedout);and

• telegraphpoles,electricitypoles,pylonsorsubstations.

•Burningisprohibitedwithin50mifburningcerealresiduesor

within15mforotherresiduestosafeguardvulnerableobjects,

suchas:

• anyresidentialbuilding;

• anystructurewithathatchedroof;

• anybuilding,structure,fixedplantormachinerywhich

couldbesetalightbythefire;

• anystackofhayorstraw;

• anymaturestandingcrop;

• anywoodlandorlandmanagedasanaturereserve;

• anybuildingorstructurecontaininglivestock;and

• anyoilorgasinstallationonorabovethesurfaceofthe

ground.

•Anyvulnerableobjectslyingadjacenttotheareatobeburned

mustbesurroundedbyfirebreaksof15mforcerealstrawand

stubbleorof5mforotherresidues.

•Allinterveninglandbetweenthefirebreakandthevulnerable

objectmustbeclearedofall remaining residuesorhaveall

cropresiduesfullyincorporatedintothesoil.

Distances between burns

Theremustbeat least150mbetweeneachseparateburn.No

areatobeburnedmayexceed10hectaresinthecaseofcereal

strawandstubbleor20hectaresinthecaseofother.

Who and what must be present at each burn?

•Tworesponsibleadultsmustbepresent,bothofwhomshould

be familiarwith the regulationsandknowwhat todo in the

caseofemergency.

•One of these people, who should be experienced in the

burningofcropresidues,shouldbeplacedingeneralcontrol

oftheoperation.

Ateachblocktobeburned:

•atleastfivefirebeatingimplementsmustbepresent;and

•atleast1000litresofwaterinoneormoremobilecontainers

withameansofdispensingthewaterforfirefightingpurposes

atarateof100litresperminutemustbepresent.

Inaddition,allvehiclesusedinconnectionwiththeburnmustbe

fittedwithasuitableandserviceable fireextinguisher. Ideallya

mobilephoneoraCBradioshouldbeavailableateachburning

sitesothathelpcanbesummonedquicklyifrequired.

Afterburning:

•check that no straw remains alight. Return later and make

doublysure;

•makesurethefireisextinguishedbynightfall;

• incorporateallashesintothesoilassoonaspossible,atleast

within24hoursofbeginningtoburn.

Who should be told of the intention to burn?

Itisalegalrequirementthatallofthefollowingmustbenotifiedof

theintentiontoburnatleastonehourpriortoandnotmorethan

24hoursbeforecommencingtoburn:

•theenvironmentalhealthdepartmentofthedistrictcouncil;

• theoccupiersofallpremisesadjacenttotheareatobeburned;

and

•air traffic control of any aerodrome with a perimeter fence

within800moftheareatobeburned.

The lawrequires thatyoumakeall reasonableefforts to inform

thepersonsandorganisations requiredby the regulations,but

itisrecognisedthat,inexceptionalcircumstances,thismaynot

alwaysbepossible.

Other relevant advice

•Burn only in suitable weather. Extra care is needed after a

prolonged spell of hot, dry weather when the problems of

controlandsmutpollutionincreaseasthedayprogresses.

•Donotlightafirewhenthewindexceedsforce3(8-12mph)

(windofforce4movessmallbranches)orifthewinddirection

is likely to create a hazard or annoyance through smoke

orsmuts.

•Avoid burning in still conditions; burn residues against the

windifpossible.

•Be prepared to stop burning if the wind speed or the

directionchanges.

•Keepchildrenawayfromthefield.

30 31

REFERENCES

1. RegulatoryReform (FireSafety)Order2005,SI2005No

1541,TheStationeryOffice.

2. TheFire(Scotland)Act2005,asp5,TheStationeryOffice.

3. FireSafety(Scotland)Regulations2006,ScottishSI2006

No456,TheStationeryOffice.

4. FireandRescueServices(NorthernIreland)Order2006,SI

2006No1254(NI9),TheStationeryOffice.

5. Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres

Regulations (DSEAR), 2002, SI 2002 No 2776, The

StationeryOffice.

6. RC7: Hot work, 2007, RISCAuthority. Available from the

RISCAuthoritywebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

7. BS7671:Requirements for electrical installations. IEE

Wiring Regulations. Seventeenth edition,2008,British

StandardsInstitution.

8. BS EN 60529 (IEC529): Specification for degrees

of protection provided by enclosures, 1992, British

StandardsInstitution.

9. HS(G) 107: Maintaining portable and transportable

electrical equipment,2004,HealthandSafetyExecutive.

10. TheSmoke-free(PremisesandEnforcement)Regulations

2006,SI2006No3368,TheStationeryOffice.

11. The Smoke-free (Signs) Regulations 2007, SI 2007 No.

923,TheStationeryOffice.

12. TheSmoke-freePremisesetc. (Wales)Regulations2007,

SI2007No.787(W.68),TheStationeryOffice.

13. TheProhibitionofSmokinginCertainPremises(Scotland)

Regulations 2006, Scottish SI 2006 No. 90, The

StationeryOffice.

14. TheSmoking(NorthernIreland)Order2006,SI2006No.

2957(NI20),TheStationeryOffice.

15. The Smoke-free (Exemptions and Vehicles) Regulations

2007,SI2007No765,TheStationeryOffice.

16. RC51:Recommendations regarding smoking at work,

2010, RISCAuthority. Available from the RISCAuthority

website:www.riscauthority.co.uk

17. RC48: Recommendations for the protection of

premises against deliberate fire raising, 2010,

RISCAuthority.Available from theRISCAuthoritywebsite:

www.riscauthority.co.uk

18. Robustsoftware (Resilient Business Software Toolkit)

maybefoundathttps://robust.riscauthority.co.uk

19. Approved Document B: Fire Safety (volume 2) –

Buildings other than dwellinghouses, incorporating

insurers’ requirements for property protection,2008,

RISCAuthority.Available from theRISCAuthoritywebsite:

www.riscauthority.co.uk

20. BS 5502: Buildings and structures for agriculture,

variousparts,BritishStandardsInstitution.

21. RC37: Recommendations for the control of fire

hazards from electrical lighting in commercial and

industrial premises,2005,RISCAuthority.Availablefrom

theRISCAuthoritywebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

22. RC4: Recommendations for fixed heating equipment

burning waste fuel,2010,RISCAuthority.Available from

theRISCAuthoritywebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

23. RC9: Recommendations for oil-fired installations,

2007, RISCAuthority. Available from the RISCAuthority

website:www.riscauthority.co.uk

24. RC20: Recommendations for the storage of highly

flammable and flammable liquids: Part 1: General

principles. 2006, RISCAuthority. Available from the

RISCAuthoritywebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

25. RC20: Recommendations for the storage of highly

flammable and flammable liquids: Part 2: Storage

in drums, cans and containers other than external

fixed tanks. 2007, RISCAuthority. Available from the

RISCAuthoritywebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

26. RC57: Recommendations for the storage of highly

flammable and flammable liquids in external

fixed tanks. 2009, RISCAuthority. Available from the

RISCAuthoritywebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

27. RC46:Fire safety in the manufacture of biodiesel fuel,

2009, RISCAuthority. Available from the RISCAuthority

website:www.riscauthority.co.uk

28. RC8: Recommendations for the storage, use and

handling of common industrial gases in cylinders

including LPG, 2005, RISCAuthority. Available from the

RISCAuthoritywebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

29. RC49: Recommendations for reducing business

interruption, Part 1: Acetylene cylinders involved in

fires,2007,RISCAuthority.AvailablefromtheRISCAuthority

website:www.riscauthority.co.uk

30. CleanAir (Northern Ireland)Order1981,SI1981No158

(NI4),OfficeofPublicSector Information. (www.opsi.gov.

uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/nisi/1981)

31. PublicHealthAct1878,SI1967No83,IrishStatuteBook,

(http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1967/en/si/0083.html)

32. BS 5839-1: 2002 + A2: 2008: Fire detection and fire

alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice for

system design, installation, commissioning and

maintenance.BritishStandardsInstitution.

33. BS 5306-8: Fire extinguishing installations and

equipment on premises. Selection and installation of

portable fire extinguishers. Code of practice, 2000,

BritishStandardsInstitution.

34. BS 5306-3: Fire extinguishing installations and

equipment on premises. Commissioning and

maintenance of portable fire extinguishers. Code of

practice,2009,BritishStandardsInstitution.

30 31

35. LPC Rules for automatic sprinkler installations

incorporating BS EN 12845 (Fixed firefighting systems.

Automatic sprinkler systems. Design, installation and

maintenance, British Standards Institution) 2009,

RISCAuthority.Available from theRISCAuthoritywebsite:

www.riscauthority.co.uk

36. BSEN62305:Protection against lightning, (Parts1-4),

BritishStandardsInstitution.

37. RC35:Protection of buildings against lightning strike,

2009, RISCAuthority. Available from the RISCAuthority

website:www.riscauthority.co.uk

38. RC48: The protection of premises from deliberate

fire raising, 2010, RISCAuthority. Available from the

RISCAuthoritywebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

39. TheCropResidues(Burning)Regulations1993,SI1993No

1366,TheStationeryOffice.

FURTHER READING

• EnvironmentProtectionAct1990c.43.StationeryOffice.

• Guidelines for fire safety in equine and agricultural

premises,HarryPaviour,2004,TheBritishHorseSociety.

• Fire safety risk assessment: Animal premises and

stables, 2007, Communities and Local Government

Publications.

• Farm Fires – Protecting farm animal welfare, 2004,

DepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairs(defra).

administered by

FireProtectionAssociationLondonRoad,MoretoninMarshGloucestershireGL560RH,UKTel:+44(0)1608812500Fax:+44(0)1608812501Email:administrator@riscauthority.co.ukWebsite:www.riscauthority.co.uk

2011©TheFireProtectionAssociationonbehalfofRISCAuthority

HardcopiesofthisdocumentmaybeobtainedfromthepublicationsdepartmentoftheFPAattheaboveaddress.

Electroniccopiesmaybeobtainedfromwww.riscauthority.co.uk.

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