Verbs. What is a verb? doing A verb is a word which describes the action in a sentence (the word...
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Transcript of Verbs. What is a verb? doing A verb is a word which describes the action in a sentence (the word...
Verbs. What is a verb?
A verb is a word which describes the action in a sentence (the word that is doing doing something)
ExamplesI play football.They skip quickly.We eat spaghetti.Bob is seven today.
An action verbaction verb tells what action someone or something is performing.
Father packed our suitcases. The ship chugged into the harbor. Mr. Fox swallowed the slimy fly larva as
part of a Fear Factor dare.
A linking verblinking verb connects a noun or pronoun with a word that identifies or describes it.
New York is a city. Lucy seems unhappy. Mr. Fox was sick from eating the larva.
Verb Tenses
Verb tenses describe WHEN the action is happening.
PRESENT (it’s happening NOW.) PAST (it’s ALREADY happened.) FUTURE (it’s ABOUT to or WILL happen.)
Present tense to past tense.
The following sentences are written in the present tense. Try changing them to the past tense by putting Yesterday at the beginning of each.
I eat spaghetti. They skip quickly. Bob is seven. I play football.
How have the verbs changed?
How did you do?
Yesterday I ate spaghetti. Yesterday they skipped quickly. Yesterday Bob was seven. Yesterday I played football.
Past to present
These sentences are in the past. Change them to the present by putting today at the front of
each sentence.
Sarah felt hot. The cow jumped over the moon. John sat outside in the garden. The mouse ran up the clock.
How did you do?
Today Sarah feels hot. Today the cow jumps over the moon. Today John sits outside in the
garden. Today the mouse runs up the clock.
The future tense.
The future tense is used to describe what will or could happen. Change these sentences to the future tense by adding tomorrow at the start of each.
Jack and Jill went up the hill. Thomas chased the mouse. Lucy entered the wardrobe. Bo Peep lost her sheep.
How did you do?
Tomorrow Jack and Jill could/will go up the hill.
Tomorrow Thomas could/will chase the mouse.
Tomorrow Lucy could/will enter the wardrobe.
Tomorrow Bo Peep could/will lose her sheep.
Verbs that end in “ ify ”
The suffix “ ify ” changes a noun or adjective into a verb.
Example: Justice (is noun that means that things are fair) Throw the “ ify ” at it and it becomes…..
More ExamplesMore Examples
Humid….Humidify Pure….Purify Simple….Simplify Stupid…._____________ Passive….____________
What are They ?
can
could
may might
must
shouldwill
shall
would
ought tohave to have got to
We use Modal verbs to talk about an ability/a duty/ a need /a necessity/wanting...
What is special about them?
Modal verbs behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences:
How?1. Modal verbs are always followed by a verb in
its base formbase form.
EXAMPLES:He can speakspeak Chinese.
Compare: I speak Chinese.He speaksspeaks Chinese
You may taketake the book to school. She may taketake the book to school.
Compare: You taketake the books to school.She takes takes the books to
school.
2. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person in the present simple.
EXAMPLES: He speaksspeaks Chinese. He can speakspeak Chinese. (NOT- He cans
speak…) She eatseats a sandwich at 9:30 She may eat eat a sandwich at 9:30.
How?
3. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. (We don’t use the helping verb “do”)
EXAMPLES:He should not bebe late.They might not comecome to the party.Compare: I don’t like to be late.I cannot eateat any more cakes.I don’t eateat carrot cakes.
How?
4 .Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.
EXAMPLES:
He will can go with us. WRONG
She must studied very hard. WRONG
How?
Many modal verbs cannot be used in all of the English tenses. That's why we need to know their meaning and the substitute for these modal verbs.
Modal Verbs and their substitutes
will- will not - won’t
We use this modal to speak about future actions that we are sure/ convinced about.
Today is Tuesday. Tomorrow will will bebe Wednesday.= I know it because this is a known fact.
We will not bewill not be in the office tomorrow. = I know it because he is going on vacation.
will- will not(=won’t)
Can – Could –Be able to
We use these modals to express: General ability/ disability possibility / impossibility opportunity Permission request
Can
I cancan walk.
= I have the general ability to dothe action of walking.
I can’tcan’t hear you, it is too noisy.
=I don’t have the ability to hear what you are saying because of the noise.
Can
I have some free time. I cancan help her now. =I have the opportunity to help her.
I can'tcan't help her now because I don't have any time. =I don’t have the opportunity to help her.
Can Could
In the past, can changes to could.
He couldcould speak only Hebrew whenhe was a kid. He couldn’tcouldn’t speak tohis neighbor who speaks only English.
(General ability)
Practice time-can/could
I maymay choose to wear the red dress to the party. =I have two dresses. There is a chance that I will choose
to wear the red dress and not the blue one.
Today, he maymay come on time. =Although usually he comes late,
There is a possibility that today he will come on time.
may
MayMay I come to visit you at 5 o’clock? =I want to come to you but I’m not sure that you want
me to come/that you will be at home/that you will let me enter .
You maymay take only one candy. =Although there are more candies, I permit you to take
only one of them!
may
We may may come on time, but if you miss the bus, we mightmight be late. =I plan to come on time and this is why I I want to catch
the 7:15 bus.
If I catch the 7:30 bus, I can come on time or not, I’m not sure.
If you advertise on the Internet you mightmight get a lot of spam to your e-mail box.=Although you don’t want to get spam, there’s a risk
that you will get it.
might
If you want to be a champion you shouldshould practice every day.=You don’t have to practice but then, you will
not get better.
When you make a cheese cake, you shouldshould first check that you have cheese. -or else, it will not be a cheese cake
must - mustn’t
Must – very strong advice/ obligation
Mustn't – things you're not allowed to do. אסור
She is sick. She has high fever. She mustmust take a pill.= very strong advice/ obligation
You mustn’tmustn’t ride your bike without a helmet!= you're not allowed to do.ס
have to - has to had to – will have to
= it is necessary=shows obligation and giving advice.
have to/has to –in the present/near future
had to –in the past
will have to –in the future
I have tohave to clean my room. (My mother forces me to do it.)
She has tohas to finish the test before the bell rings.
(After the bell rings, you can’t go on answering the questions.)
Gail Devers had tohad to take radiation therapy for her decease.
(…to get well.)
At the end of the 8th grade we will have to will have to leave our school.
(…and go to high school.)
don’t have to doesn’t have to
Don't have to / Doesn't have to = it isn't necessary
Practice time-have/has to
Ought to – be supposed to – be allowed to
Ought to be supposed to we expect him/her to
be allowed to = permission someone will let/permit him do it.
That’s a great movie. You oughtought to see it! (or You mustmust see it.)
The teacher is supposed tois supposed to base the grades on the tests and assignments.
On Friday, the students in our school don’t have have toto wear the school uniform. They are allowed toallowed to wear any color they want. (They are permitted toare permitted to / They cancan even wear a pink shirt with yellow stripes.)
(be) able tobe able to show an ability.
-I don’t know when I will be ready. I will be will be able toable to give you an answer later.
-Is he able toable to do it? Yes, he knows how to do it and has time to do it.
(=CanCan he do it?)
Many modal verbs cannot be used in all of the English tenses. That's why we need to know their meaning and the substitute for these modal verbs.
Modal Verbs and their substitutes
Practice time Exercise on modal verbs and their substitutes
Exercise - modal verb or substitute
Exercise on 'must not' and 'need not' (for soccer fans)
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/
exercise-english-476.php
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/
exercise-english-443.php
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/auxiliary-verbs/
exercises
http://www.agendaweb.org/verb/modals.html