Vegetation and Site Planning2.ppt

7/29/2019 Vegetation and Site Planning2.ppt

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VEGETATIONAND

SITE PLANNING


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PLANTSAND PEOPLE

The human race could not

exist without plants, yet their

importance is persistently

ignored by government, their

officials, developers and

individuals when they make

decisions about what should

happen on individual sites.


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Plants are vital to human life because:

They provide oxygen we need to breath

They provide food we eat

They provide the habitats to support wildlife anddomesticated animals

They provide the soul from erosion

They control the rate at which rainwater is madeavailable to the soil and underground water supplies

They make soil fertile by providing humus andreturning nutrients to the soil and influencing soilstructure

They make the climate more moderate locally and theyalso have major impact through the great forest onworld and regional climates


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Plants are fragile living organisms and if too many

are removed it can lead some areas to

environmental catastrophies.


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Until recently plants were given a low priority by

those involved in site development. Now, it is at

least partly recognized that the conservation ofplants where possible, should apply on all sites.

Particularly in cities it has been regarded as justifies

to eradicate plants totally from a site.


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Only recent have site planners and developers

begun to understand that plants are more than

decorative elements in cities for they have too oftenbeen seen as useful in improving the visual quality

of the city. Now people are becoming aware that

plants have an even greater influence over

environmental health in the city than they have overthe visual environment.


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They perform many functions which make lifein the city more bearable. For instance they

modify: Microclimate

Reduce glare

They create shade

They influence the movement of air through thecity and through its unbuilt areas

They remove dust particles and cleanse the air ofother impurities

And increase the possibility of privacy


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In addition, through the wildlife they support,plants provide signs of the link between manand nature which, as the Urban Wildlifemovements of many European countriesattest, is seen as of growing importance bycity dwellers in the developed countries.

Perhaps because in the modern industrial citypopulations are furthest removed fromultimate man or nature interface of having towork the land for food, they seem to be

seeking to renew the link with nature in a newway within the city.


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PLANTSAND SITE

PLANNING


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Site planner must collect very detailed information

about the plants that grown on and around the projects

area so that they can understand the role that plats doand could play in the site layout proposal.

The site planners has to understand the role of plants in

the environment:

That plants can never be neglected by any site

planner intent on producing an environmentally

sensitive layout.

That plants selection can never be arbitrary because

all plants are site specific in their requirements for

growth and survival.


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There are sites where the use of plants is

inappropriate but, to be able to identify where

these are, the planner has to understand how plants

are used in a wider areas than that covered by theproject and, therefore, must always look beyond the

immediate area of the site.

The decision to preserve existing plants or to inducenew ones should be arbitrary. It should relate to the

area in which the site is located as well as to the

character of the project. The positioning of the

planted areas, the species used, whether the plantsare native or exotic, will be determined by the site

plan design. The choice should be guided by the

information about site assessed in relation to the

needs of the user.


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PLANTSARE LIVING

THINGS


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Within development projects plants have

rarely been understood as living elements in

the landscape.

Too often trees are regarded as sculptures,

which will survive whatever happens around

them. It appears probable that this lack of

understanding of the trees, as a living

elements requiring certain conditions for

survival, is a reason for every high death rate

among newly planted trees in recent

development schemes.


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Planting is often carried out in totally

unsustainable soils, wit no proper

preparation of the ground and with noaftercare. Perhaps due to the increasing

public understanding of the natural

environment, the way site planners anddevelopers regarded plants to be changing.

Public and political attitudes, however, need

to change faster, if the continued erosion of

natural vegetation and particularly decline in

the number of mature trees is to be halted.


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PLANT COMMUNITIES
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To those unfamiliar with plants is often

appears that plants grow haphazardly. this

impression of randomness is emphasized in

Britain where, because of the mild climate,

plants from all over the world flourish in

parks and garden. In is generally only when,as site planners, we become concerned to

conserve nature and the integrity of a

landscape, or to keep the cost of landscapemaintenance to a minimum that we realized

the importance of using native and not exotic

species.


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Where it is the intention to conserve nature

or produce a naturalistic landscape, it is

necessary to work with plant communities.Native vegetation will support the greatest

range of native wildlife. It also has the added

advantage that if fits the local landscape, it

looks right-its form(shape) is characteristic of

local landscape, its colours blend with the

local landscape, it is appropriate to use the

native species of plants.


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In addition, native vegetation has the

advantage of being more resistant than exotic

species to the plant growth problems

associated with local fungi, aphids and plant

disease. It is, therefore, sensible to use it

where possible to minimize the long-termmanagement cost associated with the care of

all landscapes.


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Major Factors influencing the characteristics of plant

community


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In a small country like Britain there are

distinct vegetation changes in different parts

of the countryside. These vegetation changesare because plants only tolerant of a certain

range of conditions, some a wide range

others a narrow range. Survival aredetermined by local climate and soil and

influenced by the way in which people have

tended the land in the past and present.


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Plant Communities are change by the past and

present actions of urban and rural populations.

Woodland felled

Wetland drained

Agriculture has been mechanized Artificial fertilizes used

Grazing regimes change

Towns built

Bogs drained


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In order to produce natural-looking

landscapes and to conserve the local wildlife,

the site planner has to know: the range of plants that are locally important and to

understand how they can be grouped together in

communities, to function as support for different types of

wildlife.

Needs to recognize the scarcity of natural and semi-

natural vegetation in various parts of the world and to

ensure that any areas worthy of retention as a scarce

resource occurring within the project site are conserve.

Also need to consider the impact of development within

the project area on any adjacent or nearby areas of rare

vegetation or plant communities.


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For these reasons a detailed survey of plants

immediately around the site is required. This

information also gives the site planner who isworking on the plantless site an idea of which

plants might be appropriate in relation to the

local natural environment.

Vegetation and Site Planning2.ppt

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