Vancouer Style of Reffering
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References/BibliographyVancouver Style
The Vancouver style of referencing is predominantly used in the medical field.When referencing your work in the Vancouver style, it is very important that you use the rightpunctuation and that the order of details in the reference is also correct. This guide is based on AMA
Manual of Style and the NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers.
Note: Before you write your list of references, check with your lecturer or tutor for the
bibliographic style preferred by the School. There may be differences in the style
recommended by the School.
What is referencing?
Referencing is a standardised way of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas that you
have used in your assignments and which allows the sources to be identified. It is important to be
consistent when you are referencing.
Why reference?
Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up
what you have written and more fully understand the cited authors work.
Steps in referencing
Record the full bibliographic details and relevant page numbers of the source from which
information is taken.
Punctuation marks and spaces in the reference list and citations are very important. Follow
the punctuation and spacing exactly.
Insert the citation at the appropriate place in the text of your document.
Include a reference list that includes all in-text citations at the end of your document.
In-text citations
A citation is an acknowledgement in your text of references that support your work. It is in
the form of a number that correlates with a source in your reference list.
In the Vancouver Style, citations within the text of the essay/paper are identified by Arabic
numbers in round brackets or Arabic numbers in superscript. This applies to references in
text, tables and figures.
The EndNote referencing style software uses the Arabic number in brackets eg. (2)
The identification of references within the text of the essay/paper may vary according to the
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The placement of citation numbers within text should be carefully considered e.g. a
particular reference may be relevant to only part of a sentence. As a general rule, reference
numbers should be placed outside full stops and commas and inside colons and semicolons,however, this may vary according to the requirements of a particular journal.
Examples
There have been efforts to replace mouse inoculation testing with invitro tests, such
as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (57,60) or polymerase chain reaction
(20-22) but these remain experimental.
Moir and Jessel maintain that the sexes are interchangeable.(1)
Citing a specific page:
Eg. Patients showed no signs of diabetes.1(p.23),9
Eg. Smithers2(pp.3,6)
reported no sign of.... (more than one page cited)
Eg. Jones (10, pp23-27) states that....
How to create a reference list/bibliography
A reference list contains details only of those works cited in the text of the document. (eg.
book, journal article, pamphlet, internet site, cassette tape or film). These details must
include sufficient detail so that others may locate and consult your references.
A bibliography is a separate list from the reference list and should be arranged alphabetically
by author or title (where no author is given) in the Vancouver style.
A bibliography lists sources not cited in the text but which are relevant to the subject and
were used for background reading.
A reference list should appear at the end of your essay/report with the entries listed
numerically and in the same order that they have been cited in the text.
Sources cited from the Internet should be in your reference list.
Referencing Software
The University of Queensland Library provides access to EndNote which assists in creating reference
lists. The Vancouver Style is included with the Endnote program. You can also download an
additional Vancouver Style from the UQ Library that includes the Vancouver Style Guide to
Electronic References at http://www.library.uq.edu.au/faqs/endnote/styles.html
For further information refer to
Inverson C, American Medical Association. AMA manual of style: a guide for authors and editors. 10th
ed. York: Oxford University Press; 2007
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/faqs/endnote/styles.htmlhttp://www.library.uq.edu.au/faqs/endnote/styles.html -
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Book
Reference Type In-text example Reference list example EndNote
One author The book, Secrets from the black bag, by
Butler1
shows that .....
OR
Butler1
purported .....
1. Butler SW. Secrets from the Black Bag. London: The
Royal College of General Practitioners; 2005.
Book
Two to six
authors
..... needed to influence policy.2
OR
Cheers, Darracott and Lonne have
highlighted the fact that .....2
2. Cheers B, Darracott R, Lonne B. Social care practice in
rural communities. Sydney: The Federation Press; 2007.
Book
Six or more
authors
Professionals in collaboration3 3. Hofmeyr GJ, Neilson JP, Alfirevic Z, Crowther CA,
Gulmezoglu AM, Hodnett ED et al. A Cochrane pocketbook:
Pregnancy and childbirth. Chichester, West Sussex, England:
John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2008.
Book
No author .....do not die from the disease.4 4. A guide for women with early breast cancer. Sydney:
National Breast Cancer; 2003.Book
Multiple works
by the same
author
The main clinical and research interests of Dr
Marilyn Campbell5-6
are focused on .....
[if not previously cited]
5. Campbell MA. A is for anxiety: A parents guide to
managing anxious children. Brisbane: Post Pressed; 2007.
6. Campbell MA. Anthony the shy alien. Brisbane: Post
Pressed; 2006.
Book
Different Editions What has become known as the Bible of
General Practice in Australia7
.....
7. Murtagh J. John Murtaghs General practice. 4th
ed.
Sydney: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2007.
An edition number is placed after the title of the work.
This is not necessary for a first edition
Book
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Edited book In all cases, it is important to note the outer
diameter of the tube8
.....
8. Brooks A, Mahoney P, Rowlands B, editors. ABC of tubes,
drains, lines and frames. West Sussex: Blackwell
Publishing Ltd; 2008.
Edited book
Book in a seriesThe binding of ligand to most seven-
transmembrane (STM) G-protein-
coupled receptors leads to changes in
the coupling of G proteins to the
receptor9
.....
Name of book = Chemokine receptors
Title of series = Methods in enzymology
9. Bennett GL, Horuk R. Iodination of chemokines for use in
receptor binding analysis. In: Horuk R, editor. Chemokine
receptors. New York (NY): Academic Press; 1997. P. 134-
48. (Methods in enzymology; vol 288).
Book
Electronic book
entire book
Bartlett concludes that10
.....10. Bartlett A. Breastwork: Rethinking breastfeeding
[monograph online]. Sydney, NSW: University of New
South Wales Press; 2005 [cited 2009 Nov 10]. Availablefrom: NetLibrary
Electronic book
Type of medium field =monograph online
Date accessed = the
date that the book was
cited e.g. 2009 Nov 10
Name of database e.g.
NetLibrary need to
enter this manually:Available from:
NetLibray
Translation of a
book
Luria discovers that11
.....11. Luria AR. The mind of a mnemonist [L. Solotaroff, trans].
New York: Avon Books; 1969.Book
Enter the translators
name in the formatshown in the title field
12 R l d TE H i LS A t li b i h i I
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Chapter in an
edited book
As discussed by Rowlands and Haine12
.....12. Rowlands TE, Haine LS. Acute limb ischaemia. In:
Donnelly R, London NJM, editors. ABC of arterial and
venous disease. 2nd ed. West Sussex. Blackwell
Publishing; 2009.
Book section
Begin a reference to a
contribution with
information about the
contribution, followed by
the word In: and
information about the bookitself.
Chapter in a
book
.......due to endometriosis (13).....13. Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynaecologic endocrinology
and infertility. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams
and Wilkins; 2005. Chapter 29, Endometriosis; p.1103-
33.
Need to enter the Chapter information and page
numbers manually
Book
Begin a reference to a part
of a book with the book
itself, then follow it with
information about the part.
Chapter from an
electronic book
Darwin believes that the natural
selection14
.....
14. Darwin C. On the Origin of Species by means of natural
selection or the preservation of favoured races in the
struggle for life [internet]. London: John Murray; 1859.
Chapter 5, Laws of Variation. [cited 2010 Apr 22].
Available from:
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/origin/chapter5.html
Electronic book
Insert the Chapter title
manually
Enter Cited date in the
Date accessed field
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Dictionary or Encyclopaedia
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Dictionary is defined as .....15
15. Stedmans medical dictionary. 26
thed. Baltimore:
Williams & Wilkins; 1995. Apraxia; p.119-20.
Note: Include the defined topic e.g. apraxia
Book
Must manually add the
defined topic and page
numbers
Dictionary
(online)
is defined as .....16
16. Stedmans medical dictionary. [Internet]. 26
thed.
Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995. Apraxia; p.119
-20. [cited 2009 Nov 11]. Available from:
http://www.stedmans.com
Online book
Manually add the
defined topic and page
numbers
Enter Cited date inthe Date accessed
field
Encyclopedia Hanrahan has advocated that .....17 17. Brookman F. Hair care products. New York: Fitzroy
Dearborn; 2003. P. 705-08 (McDonough J, Museum
of Broadcast Communications, Egolf K, editors. Reid,
JV, illustrator editor. The Advertising Age
encyclopedia of adverting; vol. 2)
17a. Brookman F. Hair care products. In: McDonough J,
Museum of Broadcast Communication, Egolf K, Reid
JV, editors. The Advertising Age encyclopedia of
advertising. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn; 2003. vol 2
p. 703-08
Example 17 need to
manually enter
17a - Book
Journal Articles
http://www.stedmans.com/http://www.stedmans.com/ -
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JournalArticlesElements of the Citation
Author(s) Family name and initials. Title of article. Title of journal abbreviated Publication year, month, day (month & day only if available);
volume(issue):pages
Note: Journal titles may be abbreviated according to the style used in Medline. A list of abbreviations can be found at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote Reference
Type
Standard journal
article one
author
As highlighted by Snowdon,18
.....18. Snowdon J. Severe depression in old age. Medicine
Today. 2002 Dec;3(12):40-47.Journal article
Standard journal
article two
authors
McInnes & Bollen have developed a perspective
which identifies .....19
19. McInnes D, Bollen J. Learning on the job: metaphors
of choreography and the practice of sex in sex-on-
premises venues. Venereology 2000; 13(1):27-36.
Journal article
Standard journal
article three to
six authors
By using meta-analysis, Skalsky et al20
.....20. Skalsky K, Yahav D, Bishara J, Pitlik S, Leibovici L, Paul
M. Treatment of human brucellosis: systematic
review and meta-analysis of randomised controlledtrials. BMJ. 2008 Mar 29;336(7646):701-4.
Journal article
Journal article
more than six
authors
Hanna et al21
report in this article that .....21. Hanna JN, McBride WJ, Brookes DL, Shield J, Taylor
CT, Smith IL, Craig SB, Smith GA. Hendra virus
infection in a veterinarian. Med J Aust. 2006 Nov
20;185(10):562-64.
Journal article
Journal article
in press
OLeary22
states that.....22. OLeary C. Vitamin C does little to prevent winter
cold. The West Australian. Forthcoming 2005 June
29.Can include date, volume and issue number if
provide
Journal article
Add manually Forthcoming and
year and date if
provided.
Forthcoming is used
instead of in press
23 Fletcher D Wagstaff CRD Organisational psychology
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journalshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journalshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals -
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Electronic article
with DOI
number
Fletcher & Wagstaff(23) argue that .....
23. Fletcher D, Wagstaff CRD. Organisational psychology
in elite sport: its emergence, application and future.
Psychol Sport Exerc. 2009;10(4):427-34.
doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.03.009.
Electronic article
Add DOI manually
Electronic article
without DOI
number
According the Lemanek24
.....24. Lemanek K. Adherence issues in the medical
management of asthma. J Pediatr Psychol [
Internet]. 1990 [cited 2010 Apr 22];15(4):437-58.Available from:
http://jpepsy.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint
/15/4/437
Enter cited date manually and change medium to
Internet or leave as serial online as entered by
Endnote
Electronic article
Note: In the URL field,
enter the URL of the
journals website (for
subscription-based
journals), or the full
URL of the article (for
articles available free
on the web)
Cochrane Library
Review
Results found by Shaw et al(25)........
25. Shaw KA, O'Rourke P, Del Mar C, Kenardy J.
Psychological interventions for overweight or
obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
[Internet] 2005 [cited 2010 Apr 10]. Available from:
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/
cochrane /clsysrev/articles/CD003818
/frame.html
Electronic Article
Entered cited date
manually and change
the medium to
Internet
Article from UQ
eReserve
(eSpace)
Results found by Shaw26
......
Results found by Shaw (26)....
26. Shaw J. Epidemiology and prevention of type 2
diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Med J
Aust [Internet] 2003;179:379-83. Available from:
University of Queensland Library E-Reserve
Electronic article
Enter database name in
the URL field and
change the type of
medium from Serial
online to Internet
http://jpepsy.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprinthttp://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/http://jpepsy.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint -
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Conference papers
Elements of the citation
Author(s) of paper Family name and initials. Title of paper. In: Editor(s) Family name and initials, editor(s). Title of conference; Date of
conference; Place of conference. Place of publication: Publishers name; Year of publication. p. Page numbers.
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Published
conference paper
This is well documented in the literature.27-28
This is well documented in the literature. (27-28)
27. Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data
protection, privacy and security in medical
informatics. In: Lun KC. Degoulet P. Piemme TE,
Reinhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992
Sep 6-10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: North
Holland; 1992. P. 1561-5
Conference paper
Endnote will enter the
editors with theconference paper
authors remove the
editors manually.
Conference title
includes the year, date
and place where
conference took placePut a full stop after the
title of the conference
- Endnote puts a ;
Unpublished
conference paper
It has been found that endemic STDs (28)...... 28. Bowden FJ, Fairley CK. Endemic STDs in the NorthernTerritory: estimations of effective rates of partner
exchange. Paper presented at: The Scientific Meeting
of the Royal Australian College of Physicians; 1996
June 24-25; Darwin, Australia.
Conference paper
In the conference title
field enter all details of
conference including
the date and where
conference took place.
Manually remove the
word In: that will
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appear before the
conference name when
using EndNote
Conference
paperproceedings
Research (29) supports......29. Kimura J. Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in
clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th
International Congress of EMG and Clinical
Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan.
Amersterdam: Elsevier; 1996.
Conference paper
Note: EndNote will put
the word In: followed
by the editors names
again before the
conference name
manually remove this.
In the Publisher field
enter the place ofpublication, publisher
and the year eg.
Amsterdam: Elsevier;
1996
Newspaper and magazine articles
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Newspaper and magazine articles
Elements of the citation
Author(s) family name and initials. Article title. Newspaper title (edition of paper eg. Weekend edition). Date of publication year
month (3 letter abbreviation) day: Sect. Location eg. A:12 or Business 5 (5 is the page number) column number is applicable eg. col.
1)
(Sect = Section)
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Newspaper
article with
author
many parents did not feed their babies
enough30
..........
30. Purdon F. Colder babies at risk of SIDS. The Courier
Mail 2010 Mar 8:9
31. Robertson J. Not married to the art. The Courier Mail
(Weekend edition). 2010 Mar 6-7:Sect. ETC:15
Newspaper article
Year field enteryear and date eg.
2010 Mar 6-7
Section field
enter - ETC
9 is the page
number put 9 in
the Pages field
15 is the page
number
Edition field
eg.(Weekend
edition) enter
manually
Newspaper
article without
author
The counsellors32
.....32. Meeting the needs of counsellors. The Courier Mail
2001 May 5:22Newspaper article
22 is the page
number
Magazine article The findings of the research (33)........33. Marano HE. Making of a perfectionist. Psychol Today.
2008 Mar-Apr;41:80-86Magazine article
Note: put the full
date including
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months if
provided in the
year field.
Endnote puts a
single bracket
where the colon is
between thevolume and page
numbers
manually fix this
Electronic
newspaper or
magazine article
Reports of the extent of damage in Chile34
.......34. Bajak F. Why Chile dodged Haiti-style ruin. Toronto
Star (Canada) [serial online]. 2010 Feb 28 [cited
2010 Mar 14]; Sect. News:A14 Available from:
Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre
Newspaper article
Would be better
to do thismanually too
many corrections
to make
Page A14
Electronic
newspaper
article on theInternet
The success of the Clem7 tunnel (35)......35. Drivers told: Dont use Clem7 tunnel. The Courier
Mail [Internet]. 2010 Mar 16 [cited 2010 Mar 16];
Available from: http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/car-with-flat-tyre-the-first-to-cause-problems
-in-clem7-tunnel/story-e6freon6-1225841179464
36. Sack K. With Medicaid cuts, doctors and patients
drop out. The New York Times [Internet]. 2010 Mar
16 [cited 2010 Mar 16]; Health:A1. Available from:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/16/health/
policy/16medicaid.html?ref=health
Web Page
Would be betterto do this
manually too
many corrections
to make
Reports and other Government publications
http://www.couriermail.com.au/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/16/health/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/16/health/http://www.couriermail.com.au/ -
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p p
Elements of a report citation
Author(s). Title of report. Place of publication: Publisher; Date of publication year month if applicable. Total number of pages if applicable eg. 24 p.
Report No.: (if applicable)
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Government
/Organisation
/Scientific
/Technicalreport
Climate change37
.....37. Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select
Committee on Climate Policy. Climate
policy report. Canberra: The Senate; 2009
38. Page E, Harney JM. Health hazard evaluationreport. Cincinnati (OH): National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (US); 2001 Feb.
24 p. Report No.:HETA2000-0139-2824
Report
37. Enter the place of
publication and
publisher together in
the City field
38. Enter year and date
in the Year field
City field add place of
publication and
publisher
Add page numbermanually
Add the words Report
No.: manually and
remove brackets from
the report number
(these will be added by
EndNote)
Thesis
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Elements of the citation for a thesis
Printed Thesis: Author. Thesis title [type of thesis]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.
Online Thesis: Author. Thesis title [type of thesis on the internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited date year month day]. Available
from: Name of database/web address
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Thesis The research is support by Kay
(39)....
39. Kay JG. Intracellular cytokine trafficking and
phagocytosis in macrophages [PhD thesis]. St
Lucia, Qld: University of Queensland; 2007.
Thesis
Remove square
brackets from place ofpublication manually
Thesis retrieved from
database/internet
The research40
.....40. Pahl KM. Preventing anxiety and promoting
social and emotional strength in early childhood:
an investigation of aetiological risk factors [PhD
thesis]. St Lucia, Qld: University of Queensland;
2009 [cited 2010 Mar 24]. Available from:
University of Queensland Library E-Reserve
Thesis
Remove square
brackets from place of
publication manually
Add cited date
Add Available
from:...etc
Webpages
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Elements of the citation
Author. Title of publication [type of medium Internet]. Place of publication (if available): Publisher (if available); Date of publication year
month day (supply year if month and day not available) [updated year month day; cited year month day]. Available from: web address.
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Web page - withauthor Behaviour medication(41)... 41. Atherton, J. Behaviour modification [Internet]. 2010 [updated 2010 Feb 10;cited 2010 Apr 10]. Available from: http://www.learningandteaching.info
/learning/behaviour_mod.htm
Web Page
Add in square
brackets the
updated & cited
dates or add all the
information into
the cited year field
and edit to suit
Web page - no
author
Coping with ADHD
(42).....
42. The family impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
[Internet] 2009 Nov 1 [updated 2010 Jan 1; cited 2010 Apr 8]. Available from:
http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com.au/healthandlifestyle.asp?sid=192&tit
le=The-Family-Impact-of-Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder-
%28ADHD%29&page=2
Web Page
Same as example 41
Webpage no date Memory loss43
is
linked....
43. McCook A. Pre-diabetic condition linked to memory loss [internet]. 2010 [cited
2010 Apr 14]. Available from: http://preventdisease.com/news /articles/pre-
diabetic_memory_loss.shtml
If neither a date of publication nor a date of copyright can be found for a
Web site, use the date of update/revision and/or the date cited
Web Page
Same as example 41
Webpage Swine flu (44).... 44. Queensland Health. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (Human Swine Influenza)
[Internet]. 2010 [updated 2010 Feb 19; cited 2010 Apr 7]. Available from:
Web page
corporate author http://www.health.qld.gov.au/swineflu/ Same as example 41
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Web Article with
DOI
Drug dependence45
.... 45. Degenhardt L, Bohnert KM, Anthony C. Assessment of cocaine and other drug
dependence in the general population: Gated vs. ungated approaches. Drug
Alcohol Depend [Internet]. 2008 Mar 1 [cited 2010 Apr 15]; 93(3):227-232.
Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756072/ DOI:
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.024
Electronic article
Endnote has type of
medium as serial
online change to
Internet
Enter DOI manually
Web Article with no
DOI or feely
available on Web
Research shows that
diabetes (46)....
46. Merzouk H, Bouchenak M, Loukidi B, Madani S, Prost J, Belleville J. Fetal
macrosomia related maternal poorly controlled type 1 diabetes strongly
impairs serum lipoprotein concentrations and composition. J Clin Pathol
[Internet]. 2000 [cited 2010 Apr 15]; 53:917-923. Available from:
http://jcp.bmjjournals.com/content/53/12/917.full.pdf+html
Electronic article
Endnote has type of
medium as serial
online change to
Internet
Image on a
webpage
The image of the rash47
47. Scarlet Fever Rash Picture (Hardin MD Super Site Sample) [image on the
Internet]. 2005 [updated 2008 Feb 1; cited 2010 Apr 14]. Available from:
http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/dermatlas/scarletfever.html
Web page
Enter updated &
cited date in the
Access Year field
and correct
accordingly
Other Internet Sources:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756072/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756072/ -
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Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Podcasts The latest fossil
discover48
...
48. Dirks, P. Missing Link fossil discovery in South Africa [podcast on
the Internet]. Sydney: ABC Radio National; 2010 [updated 2010 Apr
9; cited 2010 Apr 14]. Available from:
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/breakfast/stories/2010/2868072.htm
Web Page
Add the update and
cited dates to theAccess Year field but
will have to modify
accordingly
Blog Post The list49
..... 49. East J. New medical journals terms list. 2010 Jan 25 [cited 2010 Apr
20] In: East J. EndNote: EndNote updates at UQ [Internet]. St
Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Library. 2007-2010- .
[about 5 screens].Available from:
http://blogs.library.uq.edu.au/endnote/2010/01/25/new-medical-
journals-term-list/
Blog
Please rewrite Endnote
output style for this.
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Personal Communication (oral, written & email)
Personal communication is entered manually in the text of your document. It cannot be done through EndNote.
Personal communication should be included in the text of your document cited in text only.
Personal communication should not be included in your reference list.
It is recommended you get permission from the source/author of your personal communication.Personal communication in the text of your document must include:
Date of communication
Type of communication oral, written (eg. Letter, written communication) or email (include email address)
Affiliation (university, organisation)- optional and highest academic degree
Conversation:
In a conversation with a A. B. Smith, MD (April 2010)....
Letter:
According to a letter by C. D. Jones (Assoc. Prof., Dept of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh, PA) in November 2010.....
According to C.D. Jones , PhD (written communication, November 2010).....
E-mail:
In-text: In an email from E. Ferguson, PhD ([email protected]) in August 2010.......
Reference List: Ferguson E. How to cite in your assignments [online]. E-mail to Abe Smith ([email protected]) 2010 Apr 20 [cited 2010 April 28].
It is important to keep a copy of the email.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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Pamphlets
Elements of the citation
Author. Title of brochure/pamphlet [pamphlet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Pamphlets/Brochures As listed in the pamphlet50
by the... 50. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
Medicines and driving [pamphlet].
Sydney: Pharmaceutical Society of
Australia; 1998
Pamphlet
Need to add pamphlet in
square brackets
Package Inserts (The printed material about the use and effects of the product contained in the package)
Elements of the citationName of Medicine [package insert]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication.
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Package Insert One of the side effects51
listed...... 51. Lamasil [package insert]. East Hanover,
NJ: Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp; 1993.
Pamphlet
Need to add package insertin square brackets
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Lecture Notes
Elements of the citation
Lecturer. Title of Lecture [unpublished lecture notes]. Course code: course name, Institution where delivered; lecture given date lecture
given.
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Lecture notes In the lecture given by
Smith (52)....
52. Johnson A. Week three: Foucault
[unpublished lecture notes]. BESC3009:
Relating with Young People, University of
Queensland; lecture given 2010 Apr 20.
Manuscript
Year field add lecture given and
year and date
Title add after title in square
brackets [unpublished lecture notes]
Collection title add the coursecode and course name
City enter the institution name
Video or DVD
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Elements of the citation
Author/Producer (producer/director). Title [Type of Medium]. Place of Publication: Publisher; Publication Year. Extent (eg. 1 DVD): physical description
duration, sound, colour, size.
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Video or DVD Examination of the neonate (53)
revealed.....
53. Robinson J (producer). Examination of the term
neonate: A family centred approach [DVD].
South Hurstville, NSW: Midwifery Educational
Services; 2005. 1 DVD: 37 min., sound, colour, 4
in.
Computer Program
Programmer: put in
author/director/producer
Add manually in round
brackets what they are eg.
(producer)
Add [DVD] manually
Add the description of the
DVD in the year field
Film or Broadcast
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Elements of the citation
Producer, Director. Title [type of medium]. Series title. Place of Publication: Distributor; Date released.
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Television or radio programs As seen in the MacNeil/Lehrer
news hour54
54. The medical profession in the 1990s [television
broadcast]. The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour. New
York, Washington D.C.: Public Broadcasting Service;
1993 Oct 11
Film or Broadcast
Add type of medium in
manually
- The MacNeil/Lehre news
hour in the Series Title
field
- New York, WashingtonD.C. in Country field
- Public Broadcasting
Service in Distributor field
- year and date in Year
Released field
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Indirect citation/Secondary source
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A secondary source/indirect citation: Is when the ideas of one author are published in another authors text but you have not read or
accessed the original authors work. In the list of references provide the details of the author of the work you have read.
Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote
Book as a secondarysource
Higgins discusses Newmans research inhis work
55....
55. Higgins D. Horizons: the poetics and theory ofthe intermedia. Illinois: Southern Illinois
University Press: 1984
Book
Journal as a secondary
source
Clements quoted Chandler in his
article56
...
56. Clements C. The facts about cocaine (drugs),
Science and Children [serial online]. 2007 [cited
2010 Apr 20]; 44(7): 44. Available from:
ProQuest
Electronic Article
Add Available from:
database name manually
If citing from a printed
journal choose Journal
Article in EndNote