COPY and ANSWER the following questions.

Which would you be more likely to follow during times of trouble:• A democratic government that asks for you opinion but complains more than it accomplishes

----OR----

• A single leader who never asks you what you want but gets things done

Explain your choice

Collapse of NapoleonCollapse of Napoleon and the and the

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Metternich & Congress Metternich & Congress of Viennaof Vienna

Preview: Preview: How did Napoleon come How did Napoleon come to power? to power?

What changes did What changes did Napoleon make in Europe Napoleon make in Europe that affected other that affected other European countries?European countries?

Napoleon Controlled Napoleon Controlled FranceFranceNapoleon’s control of France Napoleon’s control of France

was supposed to be a short- was supposed to be a short- term fix to restore order, BUT…term fix to restore order, BUT…

Desperate for strong leadership, Desperate for strong leadership, French citizens allowed Napoleon to French citizens allowed Napoleon to have as much control as he wanted, have as much control as he wanted, so he made himself so he made himself emperoremperor in 1804 in 1804

The Philosophes of the The Philosophes of the Enlightenment were outraged (this is Enlightenment were outraged (this is absolutism!!); but the people absolutism!!); but the people supported Napoleonsupported Napoleon

Napoleon’s Changes in FranceNapoleon’s Changes in France

Used military to Used military to run countryrun country

Used censorshipUsed censorshipExecuted & Jailed Executed & Jailed

criticscriticsForced men to Forced men to

join the French join the French armyarmy

Continued Continued European warsEuropean wars

Improved educationImproved educationCreated Created Bank of Bank of

FranceFrance; made taxes ; made taxes fair (everyone paid)fair (everyone paid)

Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code--wrote down laws; wrote down laws; more equal & clearmore equal & clear

Increased the Increased the French empireFrench empire

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s EmpireNapoleon defeated the First Napoleon defeated the First

Coalition of European nations Coalition of European nations By 1803, 2 more By 1803, 2 more

coalitions were coalitions were formed formed to defeat Franceto defeat France

Napoleon counter- Napoleon counter- attacked & invaded Denmark, attacked & invaded Denmark, Italy, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Prussia (Napoleon wanted Austria, Prussia (Napoleon wanted a buffer zone between France & a buffer zone between France & its enemies)its enemies)

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s EmpireBy 1812, France controlled By 1812, France controlled

most of Europemost of EuropeMany Europeans Many Europeans

saw Napoleon as a saw Napoleon as a liberator, bringing liberator, bringing the ideas of the the ideas of the French Revolution French Revolution with him, BUT… with him, BUT…

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s EmpireNapoleon imposed French ways on Napoleon imposed French ways on

the European territories he the European territories he controlled:controlled:Forced Europe to obey the Forced Europe to obey the Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code (French laws) (French laws)

Enforced the Enforced the Continental SystemContinental System—a strict blockade on all British —a strict blockade on all British goods everywhere in Europe & a goods everywhere in Europe & a heavy tax on all European goods heavy tax on all European goods except French productsexcept French products

End of Napoleon’s EmpireEnd of Napoleon’s EmpireBy 1812, the only By 1812, the only

countries outside countries outside Napoleon’s Empire Napoleon’s Empire were England, were England, Sweden, Russia, & Sweden, Russia, & the Ottoman Empire the Ottoman Empire

But when Russia But when Russia violated the Continental violated the Continental System (a ban on British System (a ban on British goods), Napoleon attacked goods), Napoleon attacked RussiaRussia

End of Napoleon’s EmpireEnd of Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon advanced towards Napoleon advanced towards

Russia with a superior army Russia with a superior army BUT…the Czar used a BUT…the Czar used a Scorched-Scorched-

Earth policyEarth policy—attack French, —attack French, then retreat while burning then retreat while burning ground & buildings so ground & buildings so Napoleon’s army can’t use them Napoleon’s army can’t use them for food or shelterfor food or shelter

This tactic & a harsh winter This tactic & a harsh winter devastated Napoleon’s army; devastated Napoleon’s army; Napoleon lost to Russia in 1812Napoleon lost to Russia in 1812

End of Napoleon’s EmpireEnd of Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon was exiled to Elba (an Napoleon was exiled to Elba (an

island near Italy); France island near Italy); France brought back Bourbon king brought back Bourbon king Louis XVIII Louis XVIII

BUT..the people of France did BUT..the people of France did not support Louis XVIII & ran not support Louis XVIII & ran him offhim off

Napoleon returned & created a Napoleon returned & created a new army to lead France; BUT…new army to lead France; BUT…

End of Napoleon’s EmpireEnd of Napoleon’s EmpireCoalition of European powers Coalition of European powers

defeated him at Waterloo in defeated him at Waterloo in 1815; Ended Napoleon’s 1815; Ended Napoleon’s reign reign

Napoleon was exiled Napoleon was exiled to the South Atlantic to the South Atlantic where he died in where he died in 1821 (of stomach 1821 (of stomach cancer or poison?) cancer or poison?)

Congress of ViennaCongress of ViennaThe Congress of Vienna was an The Congress of Vienna was an

international conference called to international conference called to remake Europe after fall of remake Europe after fall of Napoleon; met in Vienna, Austria Napoleon; met in Vienna, Austria from Sept 1814 to June 1815 from Sept 1814 to June 1815

The main goal of the The main goal of the conference was to create conference was to create a a balance of powerbalance of power that would preserve that would preserve peace in Europe peace in Europe

Congress of ViennaCongress of ViennaThe Congress of Vienna was The Congress of Vienna was

attended by 4 major powers: attended by 4 major powers: Austria, Russia, Prussia, & Austria, Russia, Prussia, & England; but was led by the England; but was led by the Austrian Prince Austrian Prince MetternichMetternich

Metternich disliked Metternich disliked democracy & the new ideas democracy & the new ideas of the French Revolution; of the French Revolution; he wanted Europe back he wanted Europe back “the way it was” before “the way it was” before the Revolution & Napoleonthe Revolution & Napoleon

Congress of ViennaCongress of ViennaThe 4 major powers of Europe The 4 major powers of Europe

made 4 big decisions:made 4 big decisions:Redrew mapRedrew map—France gave —France gave up all conquests; Prussia, up all conquests; Prussia, Russia, England all gained Russia, England all gained landland

Reestablished royal Reestablished royal monarchiesmonarchies in France, Spain, in France, Spain, Portugal, Italian statesPortugal, Italian states

Congress of Congress of ViennaViennaFormed a Formed a Quadruple AllianceQuadruple Alliance

—England, Austria, Prussia, —England, Austria, Prussia, Russia would maintain Russia would maintain security in Europe (act as security in Europe (act as “firefighters” to put out “firefighters” to put out “sparks” of revolution “sparks” of revolution anywhere in Europe)anywhere in Europe)

Reestablished peace & a Reestablished peace & a balance of powerbalance of power in Europe; in Europe; peace was maintained in peace was maintained in Europe for almost 40 yearsEurope for almost 40 years