Uti Kulintjaku - NPYWC · Mama, ngunytju, kaparli, tjamu, kurntili, kamuru, kurta, tjurtu,...
Transcript of Uti Kulintjaku - NPYWC · Mama, ngunytju, kaparli, tjamu, kurntili, kamuru, kurta, tjurtu,...
Uti Kulintjaku: A compendium of words for talking about mental health
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Uti Kulintjaku
‘To think and understand clearly’ (Pitjantjatjara)
A compendium of words for talking about mental health
Uti Kulintjaku is a project of NPY Women’s Council’s Ngangkari Program
in partnership with the Central Australia Mental Health Service
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Contributors:
Maureen Baker Yanyi Bandicha Lyn Byers Judy Brumby Maringka Burton Nyunmiti Burton Maimie Butler Mark Butler Milyka (Alison) Carroll Margaret Dagg Clem Dalby
Lizzie Ellis Valerie Foster Amee Glass Patrick Hookey Imuna Kenta Rene Kulitja Pantjiti Lewis Angela Lynch Mildred Lyons Helen Martin Pantjiti McKenzie
Anawari Mitchell Theresa Nipper Linda Rive Dr Craig San Roque Margaret Smith Dr Marcus Tabart Emma Trenorden Penny Watson
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Uti Kulintjaku: a mental health literacy project
‘Uti Kulintjaku’ means ‘to think and understand clearly’ in Pitjantjatjara. The Uti Kulintjaku team includes Senior Anangu Consultants and Mental Health
Professionals who have been participating in a series of workshops around mental health. The aim is that by participating in these workshops together,
Anangu and mental health professionals can develop a shared understanding and language for talking about mental health. Furthermore, this shared
knowledge and language will be shared with others through a series of resources that will go out to mental health professionals and Anangu in the remote
communities that NPY Women’s Council services.
Who are we?
Senior Anangu Consultants
Anawari Mitchell, Helen Martin, Imuna Kenta, Ilawanti Ken, Judy Brumby, Mamie Butler, Margaret Smith, Maringka Burton, Milyka Carroll, Nyunmiti
Burton, Pantjiti Lewis, Pantjiti McKenzie, Rene Kulitja, Theresa Nipper, Tinpulya Mervyn, and Valerie Foster.
Mental Health Professionals
Lyn Byers – Nurse Practitioner, Aputula Primary Health Centre Manager
Dr Craig San Roque – Consulting Psychologist, Mark Sheldon Remote Mental Health Team
Dr Marcus Tabart – Clinical Director, Central Australian Mental Health Services
Project Support Staff
Linda Rive – Interpreter
Samantha Togni – Evaluation Consultant
Emma Trenorden – Uti Kulintaku Project Officer, NPY Women’s Council
Angela Lynch – Ngangkari Coordinator, NPY Women’s Council
For more information Contact Emma Trenorden or Angela Lynch at NPY Women’s Council T: (08) 8958 2345 E: [email protected] W: www.npywc.org.au/ngangkari
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Our word list has many different words to describe people’s mental and emotional states as well as their behaviour. Words are written in Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjara and Ngaanyatjarra with a brief description of the meaning in English. Sometimes words can have different, multiple meanings so we recommend you cross-check with the relevant language dictionary.
Contents 1. Describing emotions and behaviours ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Happiness, health, caring, recovery ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Sadness, disengagement ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.3 Anger .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.4 Fear, worry ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.5 Mixed up thinking ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
1.6 English words adapted ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
2. Mental health treatment concepts ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
2.1 Treatment and assessment .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
2.2 Predisposing factors ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
2.3 Precipitating factors ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
2.4 Perpetuating factors ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
2.5 Protective factors ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
2.6 Personality types .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
2.7 Biological / Psychological / Social factors ............................................................................................................................................................................ 31
2.8 Questions useful in assessment ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
3. Statements to get help............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
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4. Mental health terms and concepts in more detail .................................................................................................................................................................... 36
4.1 Anxiety ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
4.2 Child Development............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
4.3 Depression ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
4.4 Trauma ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 43
4.5 Mindfulness and Meditation ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
**This document is a work in progress. For any feedback please email [email protected]
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1. Describing emotions and behaviours
1.1 Happiness, health, caring, recovery Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjara Ngaanyatjarra English
Ikari-ikari Yikarri-yikarri Full of laughter, giggling, bubbly
Ilpilypa Yipilypa In good health, feeling good, good mood, happy
Kalypa Kalypa Reconciled (after a fight), forgiving, kind
Kanany-kananypa Karnany-karnanypa Proud, full of pride, confident
Kulintja palya tjukaruru Kulira tjukarurrulu palyalpayi Purposefully doing things in the right way with good intentions
Kulintja wiru Kulintja walykumunu Thinking of good things
Kurunpa mulamula Kurrurnpa mula-mula Confident
--- Kutjupa-kutjupa pukurltu palyalpayi Doing lots of things well
Kuun-kuunpa Kuurn-kuurnpa Calm
“Lipula” Level (derivative from English word for level)
Malaku palyaringkupai Ma-palyaringu
Marlaku palyarringkupayi Walykumunurringu
Recovery
Malaku pukularipai Marlaku palyarringkupayi Mapalyarringu
Recovering, returning to happiness
Mama, ngunytju, kami, tjamu kuta, kangkuru munu malanypa wangka kulilpai
Mama, ngunytju, kaparli, tjamu, kurntili, kamuru, kurta, tjurtu, marlanypa wangka kulilpayi
Cooperative and always listens to family (their father, mother, grandmother, grandfather, auntie, uncle, big brother, big sister, and younger siblings)
Miraly-miralypa Mirrarl-mirrarlpa Ecstatic. Can mean arrogant, proud, boastful.
Mukulya Mukulya, mukulanytju Loving and caring, kind, fond of
Ngaltunytju Ngarltunytju Sympathetic, caring
Ngayuku nguyurpa palyaringu Ngayuku wuyurrpa walykumunu ngarala I am feeling much better
Nyantulpa Nyantulypa Calm, not roused to anger, cool and chilled in temper
Puluru purunypa -- Level (ie similar to)
Palyaringkula malaku ipilyaripai Marlaku palyarringkupayi Palyarringkula nyinapayi
Recovering
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Palyaringu -- Having returned to normality
Pilunpa; Kanmarpa
Kanunypa Kanmarrpa nyinapayi
Quiet, peaceful, calm, content, self-organised
Pukul-pukulpa Pukurl-pukurlpa Optimistic
Pukulpa Pukurlpa Yungarralu walykumunu kulira Pukurlpa palya walykumunu
Feeling happy, content, satisfied
Pukulpa mulapa Pukurlpa purlka mularrpa Ngarlpurrkura Pukurlpa nyinama
Really happy, full of energy
Pukulpa tjungu nyinanytja families
Yarnangu kutjupangka lurrtjurringkupayi Engaging happily with extended family
Pukulpa wangkanyi Sport inkanytja tjungu
Wangkarra yikarringkula nyinapayi Pukurlpa Ngarlpurrkura
Sociable, talking, friendly, laughing, engaged, playing sport, active
Rapa-rapa Rapa-rapa Brave, strong, confident
--- Tamalpa Level; in place; everything is in the right place. [perhaps after her medication takes affect]
Tjanyalpa Tjanyarlpa Feeling good, bright and alert
Tjukaruru -- Balance (straight)
Tjurku-tjurkura wangkama nintini Calming someone down
Tjungungku -- Harmony (together)
Ungkunyangka pukularipai Yungkunyangka pukurlarripayi Appreciative, grateful
Unngu kakulyarani Respectable
Waakarinyi kulintja wiru ngarala Pukurlpa waarkarringkupayi Waarkawana puru kuurlta
Working well - at a job, at school etc.
Waltjangku palya kulilpai (kulini) Yungarralu palya kulira Walykumunu kulira nyinapayi
Feeling good in your self
Walytjapiti ngurkantananyi Yungarrapirti ngurrkarntankupayi Recognising your family and friends
Wanganara Wangarnarra Helpful, willing, responsive, agreeable, cooperative
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1.2 Sadness, disengagement Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjara Ngaanyatjarra English
Iluru-Iluru Mirri-mirri Wuyurrpa palya wiya
Miserable, grieving
Ipilypa wiya Yipilypa wiya Not in a good mood
Kulintja Walytjangku kulintja
Wuyurrpa Feelings
--- Wuyurrpa wiya Without feeling, empty, no feeling to join in or engage with others
Kakulyarani --- Overcome with emotion, shattered, break down with emotion
Kulintja patiringu Kulintja kutjuparringu Shut down
Kulintja kutjupa Kulintja kutjupa In your own world - preoccupied
Kulintja kutjupatjara Kulira wantipai
--- Bad manners
--- Kurltjirr-kurltjirrpa Miserable, distressed
Kuru pinpantja wiyangku nyanganyi Kuru pinpanytjamaaltu tirtu nyakula Turned inwards, glazed over (could be from drugs) Staring without blinking
Kurunpa wiya Kurrurnpa wiya Without spirit, spirit is displaced
Kutju nyinapai Kutju nyinapayi Sitting by themselves, alone
Kutjutja Kutjutja kutjutja Tjutangka tjungu nyinanytja wiya
Kutjurnkura Isolated, lonely
Mungutja (tjitji mungutja) Antalkitja (no kinship, fatherless)
Mungutja; mungutja-mungutja Unwanted, no relatives, no kin [unwanted child]
Ngunti ulapai Ngiinytju Will cry about anything, no reason, sooky
Nyakuntja wiya Patiringu
Kartakutjarra nyakupayi Kuru tjukarurrulu nyakupayi wiya
Not looking at you, ignoring (remembering cultural rules of not making eye contact) Shut down
Nyuuru-nyuuru Nyuurru-nyuurru Emotional exhaustion
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Paku Paku Tired, weary
Pilu-pilu -- Drowsy, nodding off to sleep
Pina pati, kulintja wiyaringu, putu kulini Purtukulilarriku (inside the brains) Deaf, incommunicado
Pukulpa wiya Pukurlpa wiya Not happy
Tiwilpa stiff, cramped, still
Tiwilpa stiff, motionless, unable to move
Stiff, not moving around, not moving fluidly, apathetic, lost their vitality, abnormal gait / movement. Brain damage that has caused the body to become stiff, stops motivation. From long term substance misuse – VSA and marijuana
Tjaanara wiya Tjaanarra wiya Not willing
--- Tjanyarlpa wiya Not feeling good
Tjituru-tjituru
Tjirturu-tjirturu Sad and lonely, grieving
Ulanti Yularnti Purtu wangkarra kulira kurrurnpa
Inconsolable (Nothing can be said to prevent the tears from falling)
Ulanyi Yularra Crying
Urakanyini ; wangka wiya nyinapai (tiwilpa ankupai wangka wiya nyinapai pukulpa wiya nyinapai) unmoving, stiff, no grace in their movements
Yurakanyira Yurakanyira Wangka wiyalu nyakupayi
Empty staring, blank, stare, nothing going on inside, staring into space Reptilian stare (psychotic?) like a snake – it is scary (predatory like a crocodile)
Wali unngu rawa nyinanpai, pakantja wiya. Putu ngura wantikatipai(?) Ungu nyinapai
Parrangarapayi wiya Kutjungurrangka nyinapayi
Not leaving the house
Wanganara wiya Wangarnarra wiya Not helpful
Watjil-watjilpa Watjil-watjilpa Homesick, feeling lost
Wuyuurpa wiya Wuyurrpa wiya No feeling, empty, disconnected, not joining in
Wuyurpa wiyaringanyi kuriku mukuringkunytja wiya (feeling for the spouse is gone)
Wuyurrpa wiyarringu Kurriku mukurripayi wiya
Loss of libido
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Yunpa kutjuparipai wiya Kutjuparingkupai wiya Palurutu ngaranyi
Yurnpa kutjuparringkupayi wiya
Non reactive affect (poker face)
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1.3 Anger Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjara Ngaanyatjarra English
Aka-aka --- Touchy, holding a grudge
Kaar-kaarpa Kaarr-kaarrpa Agressive. Bad tempered, doesn’t want anyone to tell them what to do. Not happy.
Kaar-kaararinyi To get fed up with something
Kaar ngaranyi Sick and tired, fed up
--- Kuwar-kuwarpa Frustrated
Liri waru Lirri waru Angry, lose your temper
Lirpunganyi --- Split in two, smash, split open
Mapalku mirpanaripai Waarrpungkula mirrparnarringkupayi Tungun-tungunarringkupayi Cranky
Hot headed, not making sense, gets wild easily
--- Mikin-mikinpa Snappy, negative, disagreeable
Mirapai Mirrapayi Shouting, a cry for help (for example during violence)
Mirpan-mirpanpa Mirrparn-mirrparnpa Irritable, angry
Mirpanarinyi, pikati pulka, nganyiri pulka Mirrparntju – angry,furious Furious, very angry, sulky,
Mulyararinyi Mulyarrarripayi Sulky, moody, snobby
Ngaltjurmananyi Mirrarra watjalpayi Ngalytjurrmankupayi / mirrapayi
Threatening, disturbed shouting - so everyone can hear and everybody knows. “Cheeky” person.
Pikaringkupai Pika-pikarringkupayi Angry, Aggressive
Pikati, pikaringanyi Pikarti Pikaputju
Angry, violent, violence
Putu ngatjira mirpanaripai Mirpanaripai Pikaringkupai
Mirrparnarripayi Worked up, rage, flare up , extreme, fly off the handle, vengeful, directed at others
Rawa Mirpanpa Mirpanaripai Pulka mirpanaripai Mirpanpa pulka Titutjara mirpanpa
Tirtu mirrparnpa Titutjarra mirrparnpa
Angry all the time
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Tungun-tungunpa Tungun-tungunpa Disobedient, not listening to grandparents or parents, a tough person
Warkinyi Warrkilya Swearing, growling, using serious words
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1.4 Fear, worry Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjara Ngaanyatjarra English
Kakulyararingkupai --- To be overcome with emotion and break down
Kulintja pulka Pulkara kulilpai
Purlkara kulira Purlkara kulipayi
Worried, big worry, constant thoughts and worries, might be depressed
Kulintja pulkatjara Kulintja purlkarringkupayi
Thinking too much, paranoid
Kunkunpa wiya Putu kunkunarinyi
Kunkunarringkupayi wiya Not sleeping
Kuntantju Kurntanytju Shy, modest, embarrassed
Kuntaringanyi Kurntarringkula Shamed and embarrassed
Kutjutja mirpanarira pikaringkula ankupai wangkanyangka palku
Kutju mirrparnarrirra pikarringkupayi Someone getting really mad and upset because they mistakenly think someone else is talking about them
Miilaralpai Ngunti kulintja palunya wangkanyangka-palku Kutjutja mirpanarira pikaringkula ankupai wangkanyangka palku
Kunpu-kunpu mirrparnarripayi Kunpu-kunpu miirlarralpayi Kunpu-kunpu kulilpayi Ngayunya-rniya watjara yikarringkula kulilpayi palunyakukantja
Thinking someone is talking about you (mistaken feeling) leads to yelling (mirapai), ideas of reference, person mistakenly thinks others are talking about them [palku – mistakenly]
Miiltjinganu --- To feel a stabbing pain
Ngukalpai Ngukalpayi Accusing somebody, mistrusting, blaming
Ngukara wangkapai Ngukara kulira wangkapai
Ngukara wangkarra Ngukara watjara Ngukara (suspicious)
suspicious Ngukara watjarlpayi
Ngulu-ngulu Ngurlu-ngurlu, ngurluny-ngurlunypa Terrified
Ngulu, Nguluringkupai
Ngurlurringkupayi Fearful
Ngulu-ngulu nyinanyi Ngulu-ngulu nyinantj Tjituru-tjituru
Kurltjirr-kurltjirrpa Distressed
Pulkara kulintja wiya! (command) Kutjupa kutjupa kulilpai
Kutjupa kutjupa kulilpayi Don’t worry or think about it too much!
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Putu ngalkuni Ngalkunytja wiya; ngalkulpai wiya Ngalkunytjaku mukuringkunytja wiya
Ngalkunytja wiya nyinarra Purtu ngalkupayi Ngalkunytja wiya
Not eating
Titutjarangku kulilpai Rawangku kulilpai
Tirtu kulilpayi
Thinking all the time; thinking too much
Tjulur-tjulurpa Tjulurr-tjulurrpa Body jerking, shaking, urulyarani from shock. Edgy, jumpy, nervous
Tjuni pika Tjuni pika Feeling sick in the stomach, could be from worry
Tjuni tjulpilyaripai Tjuni tjurlpilyarriku Worried, anxious, feeling it in the stomach
Uruly-urulypa (Pit) Tjulurarani (Yank)
Tjulurr-tjulurrpa Yurrul-yurrulpa
Nervous, edgy, jumpy, hyper-vigilant, always looking and watching for trouble or danger, shocked, traumatised
Waintara kulini [waintara = further; kulini = thinking
Rurrurulu kulilpayi Emotions, projecting into the future, worrying about something that may happen in the future – good or bad. In a world of one’s own.
Walytjangku wiyalpai (lit. ‘Ending oneself’) Yungarralu-wiyalpayi (lit. Ending oneself) Suicidal – the person wants to kill themselves
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1.5 Mixed up thinking Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjara Ngaanyatjarra English
Karangki Karangki Not thinking clearly, behaving badly From English ‘cranky’
Kata kura mirapai Kata kurra mirrapayi The way a disturbed person shouts
Katangka wangkanyi kutjupa kutjupa Kutjupa-kutjupa katangka kulira Hearing strange scary noises in your head
Kata yultu (head no good) Kata ultu
Kata yurltu Empty-headed
Kawalinanyi kulintja
--- Disassociated thoughts
Kawaru-kawaru Kulintja tjukaruru wiya
Kulintja tjukarurru wiya Not thinking straight, muddle-headed
Kulintja kawa-kawa
Kuwar-kuwarpa
Mixed up thoughts
Kulila kawalinanyi --- Disjointed thoughts, might refer to dementia
Kulintja tjukutjuku Kulintja tjuku-tjukurringku Thoughts become small
Kunta wiya Kurnta wiya No shame at all
Kutju ikaringkunytja Kutju ikaringkupai
Kutju yikarringkupayi Kunpu-kunpu yikarringkupayi
Laughs at things that aren’t funny, laughing at nothing
Kutju mirapai Kutju mirrapayi Shouting by themselves
Kutju wangkapai Kutju wangkapayi Talking to oneself
Kutjupa-kutjupanyakupai
Kutjupa-kutjupa nyakupayi Seeing things that aren’t there
Mawal-mawalpa Mawal-mawalpa Not showing proper respect
Paluru kulintja kutjupa tjara Kulintja kutjupa tjara
Kulintja kutjupa tjarra He’s in another world Lost in [his] own world
Para kawarurinyi --- Going around in circles
Pikatjara tjutaku tjurkurpa --- Words and language sick people use
Putu alatjitu kulilpai Putu mulapa kulilipai
Purtukulilpa Not being able to understand
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Putu kulini wangkanyangka Purtu kulira watjaranyangka Purtu kulilpayi
Can’t understand what is being said to them
Putu kulini (unable to think/decide/know what to do) “Options paralysis” Putu kulira kawaruringkupai
Purtu kulira Kuwar-kuwararripayi
Confused
Putu kulini wangkanyangka Putu kulini
Purtu kulira Confused, not making any sense
Rama kutu mula Putu kulilpai
Kurrarringkutja Puyutjanu Ramarringu
Someone getting really mentally ill
Rama-rama (be careful in using this word – it is harsh and requires discretion)
Rama-rama (be careful in using this word – it is harsh and requires discretion)
Brain not functioning properly, doesn’t think clearly
Rawa wangkapai Wangkala
Wangkarlaranypa Wangkarla
Can’t stop talking; incessant talking
Tjukaruru kulintja wiya Kulintja wiya Not thinking right
--- Tjukarurru wangkapayi wiya Yarla-yarla wangkapayi
Not talking straight – tangential thinking talking nonsense
Wangkala Rawa wangkanyi Kutju rawa wangkanyi
Tirtu wangkapayi purtu kuliltjaku kutju Kutju tirtu wangkapayi
Speech can’t be interrupted, talking constantly
Wangka wiya nyinapai Wangka wiya nyinapayi Not speaking
Wililyarani kulintja kawalinanyi (Wililyarani: scattering of birds/animals)
Wililyarrarnu
Dissociated thoughts
Yuku-yuku Yuku-yuku Alternative, more respectful, kinder way of saying ‘rama-rama’
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1.6 English words adapted “Aboriginal English” Definition - adapted English meaning
Cheeky Hitting, violent, uncontrollable, back talk, running around with other man or woman, talk about other people
Cranky/ Karanki Rama, out of control, repeating same story, make up own story
Frightened Scared, terrified
Jealous / Jealousing Abusive, controlling, stopping you doing things, swearing can lead to fighting
Lipula Level, balanced
Silly Aggressive, not cooperative, may be due to drugs and alcohol, not thinking straight, talking wrong way
Talking wrong way Abusive, not showing respect, talk like they know everything or like they’re important, not showing respect for elders
Teasing Bullying, victimising hurting, intimidating, frightening, threats, can be violence, slander, insulting, physical violence
Worry / worried Big problem, sitting down thinking hard, talking hard
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2. Mental health treatment concepts
2.1 Treatment and assessment English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
Assessment Nyakula kulintjaku Nyakula kulira palyantjaku
Nyakula kulira palyantjaku Pika mirara tjakultjunkutjaku
Anxious, indecisive Putu kuli kulira Purtu kuli-kulira
Anxious – worried. Always asking for help from someone else. Indecisive.
Tjapira ngurilpai ramangku Purtu kuli-kulira
At the beginning. The first time. Onset.
Kuwaripatjara [modern language] Mulyarl-mulyarlpa (The old people used this word at Blackstone, a Ngaatjatjarra word) [old language]
At the onset, in the beginning, when sickness is detected – speak up straight away – in case things escalate and get worse.
Kuranyu-kuranyu. Kuranyu-kuranyu pika nyakula – mapalku wangka - pika pulkaringkunytjaku tawara.
Kurranyurtu pika nyakula Pika ngaralanyangka nintila purlkarringkutjakutarrartu
Being cruel, speaking about the person to their face, being too direct. For instance, calling someone a cripple
Anangitja Yarnangu nyakula watjalpayi
Blaming Ngukani Ngukara
Body; whole person Puntu-anangu uwankara Yarnangu kurrarringu
Calling somebody by their bodily description, ie, oneleg, dumb, scarface
Puntura wangkanyi Puntura yarnangu watjalpayi
Carefully Purkarari Yatatjurra
Counselling Purkara wangkara kulintjaku Purrkaralu wangkarra kuliltjaku
Daydreaming, in a world of one’s own. Can be good or bad thoughts
Uru kulini Rurrurulu kulilpayi
Delusional – fixed delusional, wrong, not part of that person’s culture
Ramaringu **use this word with care kaarangki
Ramarringu **use this word with care
Dementia Kawa kawa Rama rama
Kuwar-kuwarpa
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Diagnosis Ngurkantankula palyantjaku Ngurrkarntaralpi palyalku
Disorder Pikatjara = sickness = disorder Pikatjarra = sickness = disorder
Drug use, (alcohol) wama, (marijuana) ganja Wama tjikilpai, puuytja Tirtu ganja patjalpayi wama tjikilpayinya kata kurrarriku
Early intervention At the beginning. The first time. Onset.
Kuwaripatjara
Mulyangka (Still in use today at Tjukurla) Mulyarl-mulyarlpalpi pikarrinyangka
Eccentric, a different way of thinking Kulintja kutjupa Kulintja kutjupa
Fearful, avoidant Miru-miru Miru-miru
Feedback and evaluation Nintiringkunytjatjanungku kulira malakungku tjakultjunkunytjaku nintilpaingka.
Marlakulu wangka nintintja Marlakukutu wangka nintintja
Getting angry with the whole body. Angry to the point of wanting to do physical damage to someone else.
Kurunpa puntu winki pulkara mirpanarinyi. Yunytju warutjarra
Hallucination Kata kurangku ngunti nyanganyi Kata kurralu nyakula kutjupa-kutjupa yartakarringkulanyangka
He/she is always like that. Tjaka palatja Tjaka Tirtu palunyapirinypa
Highly aggressive Miraly-miralypa, pikati-pulka Mirrarl-mirrarlpa Nganyirri purlkanya
I jumped out of my skin (or my skin fell off) with shock.
Puntu winki aralytjaringu, I jumped out of my skin (or my skin fell off) with shock.
If someone has suffered trauma as a child they feel this inside all their lives, it grows with you.
Karmara Kaamarra
Impulsive, not natural for them to do those things, they’ve got no control
Mawal-mawalpa Mawal-mawalpa
Incongruent – when a person’s emotional reaction does not match up with what is being said, what happened or what you could expect
--- Purtu tjukarurrurtu kulilpayi
Jealousy Nyaranytju Kutjupa-kutjupa kurra (problem) Ngaparrku-ngaparrkulu warrkirra pika palunyapayi. Nyangka wangkarra kalypanma.
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Judgement (how the mind makes decisions in any given situation)
Kulira tjukarurulypai Kulira tjukarurrulpayi
Jumping with shock Urulyarani
Loss of memory and can’t hear anything (shutting down mind- the man in the blindfold)
Ngukunypa patiringanyi Kulintja wiyaringu
Kulintja wiyarripayi
Mixing it up, getting confused, especially if too much going on at once or too many people talking at the same time
Tjunyi-tjunyini kura-kurani Kawarn-kawarnarringu
My real biological mother Ngunytju, mula – mula, tjunkunytjaku [Yankunytjatjara]
Ngunytju/mama mularrtjarranya
Nervous, edgy, jumpy, hyper-vigilant, always looking and watching for trouble or danger
Uruly urulypa (Pit) Tjulurarani (Yank)
Tjulurr-tjulurrpa
Older words, not used now Wangka irititja
Only people with something wrong in the head can see things
Kata kurangku nyakunyangka kutjupa kutjupa utiringkupai
Kata kurralu nyakula kutjupa-kutjupa
Person with disability, “cripple” Nyumpu Nyumpu Wawanypa
Picturing somebody in the forehead, who has passed away. This leads to sorry business but is not necessarily traumatic.
Ruuru kulini Ruuru
Ruukulira kaamarrarringkula Ruu-ruu nyakula Rawalu kulilpayi
Psychosis – problems with thinking, disorder with thinking, effects on emotions and feelings and behaviours
Kawa kawa, yuku-yuku, rama rama
Kuwar- kuwarpa
Psychosis Rama mulapa, Karangki mulapa, Yuku -yuku
Rama mularrpa
Psychotic Kawa kawa, yuku-yuku, rama rama Kuwar-kuwararringu
Reputed to be highly aggressive Miraly-miralyapampa kunyu Yunytju walykutjarra
Risk Kura-kura kulilpai Kura kulilpai
Kurra kulilpayi
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Sick inside, they don’t want to talk about it, they are moody, snappy, bad tempered.
Kar-karpa Kaarr-kaarrpa
Shock (a colloquialism); had a big shock; my skin fell off my body and exposed all my nerves, jumping out of my skin, peeling out of my skin.
Pangki aralytjaringu
Shutting down mind Ngukunypa patiringanyi Patjaru
Shy (to the point shame all the time) Kuntanytju / Miru-miru Kurntanytju / mirru-mirru
Sulky, pissed off, no respect for old people mulyararinyi Mulyarra-mulyarra
Sulky, moody Kaarkaarpa Kaarr-kaarrpa
Symptoms Nyakula ngurkantananyi Nyakula ngurrkarntara ngurrkantankutjaku
Temporary Unytju ngarna
That person is very unresponsive Kuun-kuunpa nyangatja nyinanyi Kuurn-kuurnpa Nyuurru-nyuurru
They are normally happy. He/she is normally a happy person
Paluru pukulpa nyinapai Pukurlpa nyinapayi
Thing Nyaana? Nyaa? Nyaapa? Nyaapa?
Thoughts and pictures in the forehead, in the brains
Ruru kulintja Ruukulilpayi
To make it clear for others to understand Uti kulintjaku Yuti kuliltjaku
Trauma triggered by memory Ruru-kulira kamararingkupai Ruukulira Tirtu ruukulilpayi
Trauma (outside on the skin) Pintjanpa (physical scar) Yawarra (scar or wound)
Trauma inside Sick inside, they don’t want to talk about it, they are moody, snappy, bad tempered.
Mirpan mirpanpa Mirrparn-mirrparnpa
Traumatic memory Kulira kaar-kaarpa Milurr-milurrpa
Traumatic memory, hyper-vigilant Tulurarani (Yankunytjatjara) Uruly-urulypa (Pitjantjatjara)
Tjulurr-tjulurrpa
Treatments Nyakula kanyintjaku atunymankunytjaku Miranykanyira kanyiltjaku nyakula kanyiltjaku Medicinepa pika nyakula nintiltjaku
What are you doing sitting there sniffing me out for?
Nyaaku nyuntu nyinara ngayunya pantini? Tirturni ngayunya nyakula
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When a person becomes ill take them to the Mental Health Doctor
Malpalkungku kuraringkunyangka katima doctor kutu
Yarnangu kutjupa mulyangka pikarringkunyangka katima Mental Health Doctorkutu.
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2.2 Predisposing factors English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
Body inheriting the grandfather’s genes, having a physical body just like the grandfather
Puntu ngaranyi tjamu-purunypa
Tjamu yarnangu kanyira
‘By way of’ - contextual, Predisposing - Predisposition
Ara wanu Yarawana ngarala
Character, always like that Palunya nguwanpa titutjara ngaranyi Tirtu palunyapirinypa
Genes, genetic, from your family line, in your body, inside you, your own way, since you were a child, typical, character, personality.
Tjamu nguru, kami nguru Yarawana ngarala Mamawana; mamanguru Tjamuwana; tjamunguru Ngunytjuwana; ngunytjunguru Kaparliwana; kaparlinguru
Going downhill, feelings plummeted, a predisposition
Kulintja tjaruringu Putu kulilpaiyiringu
Kulintja tjarurringu
Guided and taught to be that way Nintira tjungkarurunma Nintipungama
It’s there, it exists Ngaranyi Ngarala
Just like the grandfather was Tjamu-ngka arangka Tjaka tjamu purunypa
Tjamupirinypa (Yarnangu) spitting image of grandfather Tjamupirinypa
Maybe it will come out or happen Tjinguru ngula utiringkuku Tjinguru ngula yartakarriku?
Passed on – given attributes (When the baby is born the grandparent can put some of their best characteristics into the child by rubbing the child on their bare chest and saying “you can be like me!”)
Ngampa Waningu Ngampawarningu
You might get it Tjingurun mantjilku Tjingurun mantjilku
Your way of being, inherited from your family Tjamu – wanu (by way of the grandfather, typical, just like the grandfather was) Tjamu wanu, kami wanu, (genes=wanu) – wanu - by way of, through biological grandfather and grandmother
Tjamuwana, kaparliwana, Katjawana, Yurntalwana (family line)
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2.3 Precipitating factors English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
A violent response Miralmiralpapa kunyu Tjaalarrarnu Kutju nganyirri
Already triggered Kuranyulpi kuraringu Kurranyulpi kurrarringu
An explosive event that caused a similar explosive reaction
Kutjuparingu kutjuparringu
An event or words that burst out and cause a violent outburst
Wangka kura kulira pikaringkupai Wangka kurra kulira Ngalytjurraalpayi
An outburst that triggered a violent response Pika-pika wangkapai Pika-pika wangkarra
Balloon bursting, split out, pop out, burst, outburst, emotions or reactions, feelings and doings
Kutjutja miilaranu Pikati Ngaanyiri pulka
Tjaalarrarnu Kutju nganyirri
Changed? Kutjuparingu Kutjuparringun?
Explosion, bullet, precipitating factor Piltatjunu taanu
tjaalarrarnu
Pressure in the body that explodes out and causes a dramatic response (like suicide or drug taking)
Pulkara mirpanarira, katangka kanyira walytjangku iluntanyi
Tjaal-tjaalpa Mirrparntju Rawalu kulira-kulira Kutjupa-kutjupa palyalpayi
Something that blasted out Pika pikaringkupai Tjaalarrara; pika-pikarripayi
Something that triggers a continuous violent response
Titutjara miraly-miralypa taani Tjaalarrarnu Kutjunganyirri
Triggered, just happened suddenly kutjuparingu kutjuparringu
What caused that change in me? (somebody asking the question of themselves)
Nyaana kutjupankuku, ngayunya, Kutjupankunytjikitjangku?
Nyaatjanu kutjuparringu
What has happened to you? Nyaringun Nyaarringun? Nyaarringu?
What tips you over, what “pulls the trigger”, pushes over the edge, “the final straw”
Puuyu wiyaringyangka Mutkangka purnkantjatjarnu
Puyu wiyarrinyangka Mutukangka punkantjatjanu Kutjupa-kutjupa watjaralpi mularrmanku
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What thing? Nyaapa? Nyaapa-rna Nyaapa Nyaarringu
What’s on your mind? What have you heard? Nyaan kulinu? Nyaapan Kulirnu?
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2.4 Perpetuating factors English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
A problem that never goes away; never stops; a chronic problem
Anpalykarira ngarinyi titutjara alatjitu (Anpalykari is a very old word) Tjakatjunkula ngaringyi Tjakaringanyi
Tirtu ngarala wanarayinma Kulyarurru Tirtu ngarama
Chronic, always there Rawa, Titutjara ngaranyi Tjakaringu-tjakatjunu Nganytjanu
Kulyarurru Tirtu ngarama
Habitual, chronic Ampal, Tjakaringu Unuru
Tjaarr-tjaarrpa Tjakarringu
Stiff, cramped, still Tiwilpa Tiwilpa
What keeps this problem going on, going on and on forever?
Rawa ngarakatinytja? Titutjara ngarapai
Nyaanguru ngaanya tirtu ngarala wanarayirni?
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2.5 Protective factors English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
Fighting shield Kutitji Tjara
Good protection – shielding, “protective custody” Ngalkilpa wiru Miranykurru nyinapayi
Keep safe, save someone’s life Wankarunanyi Wankarura kanyini
Wankarunama
Protecting Atunymananyi Anga kanyini
Miranykurru nyinama
Secure Anga kanyini Miranykanyinma
Secure shielding, protecting like a shield or umbrella
Kutitji purunytju anga kanyini Tjaratjarra-pirinypa yangangarama
Shield Wankarunu Wankarnu Miranykurru Wankarura kanyira
What (or who) shields you, what (or who) protects and supports you? What keeps you going, what keeps you strong?
Palunya nyaangku kunpu kanyini? (What is keeping that person strong?)
Miranykurru nyinarratjaku
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2.6 Personality types English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
He’s like that all the time Paluru alatji titu nyinanyi, tjaka Tjaka palunyapirinypa
The way people are, that’s the way he/she is, their personality type, character
Tjaka Tirtu palunyapirinypa (character)
EXAMPLES OF PERSONALITY TYPES
Always happy Pukulpa Pukurlpa
Bad tempered, gets angry quickly Liri waru/pikati/nganyiri) Mirrparntju Mirrparnarripayi waarrpungkula
Bitter Karkarpa Mikintju
Bossy, domineering, top dog Mayatja-mayatja Walytja ngarapai
Mayatja-mayatja Katu-katurringu
Cheerful, generous Inytjanu pulka Yinytjanuwarlalpa
Disobedient, kids not listening to their mother Tunguntungunpa Tjitji tungun-tungunpa
Doesn’t want to join in, negative, unhappy inside, when you ask them to do something they won’t finish it or do it properly, not good energy
Tjituru-tjituru ungu ngaranyanagka putu palyalpai witu-witunyangka kutjupa kutjupa palyantjaku
Kurltjirr-kurltjirrpa
Easily upset, quick temper, sulky Mirpantju malpalku Mirrparntju
Easy to come when you call them, generous, easy to please you
Pakara
Paakarra
Generous Inytjanu pulka
Greedy for food Maiku manyu Ngayarrka
Greedy, selfish Manyu , Manyu, nyiinytju
Greedy, wanting more Ngayarka manyu Ngayarrka Ngaltja
Grizzly, fearful, mostly children but adults can be like this too
Tjalalypa/ulanti Mirpantju karkarpa
Kaarr-kaarrpa
Hard person, tough, stubborn, difficult, won’t negotiate
Witu-witu Tungun-tungunpa
Witu-witu Tungun-tungunpa
Happy Ikari-kari pukulpa
Yikarri-yikarri
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Helpful, considerate, this word is used every day in school, Anangu teachers ask children to be like this
Wanganara Wangarnarra
Impatient, irritable Karkarpa Mikin-Mikinpa,
Calm, not roused to anger, cool and chilled in temper
Nyantulpa Nyantulypa
Jealous, envious Nyaaranytju Nyararringkula
Liar, making excuses Ngunti wangkapai Yarla-mayulpayi
Like a mouse, fiddling, going through your things, young people, young girls, nosy, really bad, not necessarily stealing
Nyairnyairpa (tjitji nyairnyairpa) Nyayirr-nyayirrpa lyilyikatipayi Lyilyikatingu
Love themselves Taltu (inflated =full of themselves?) Tarltu-tarltu
Loving mukulya Mukulyanytju
Not greedy, not needy Munytja Munytja
Not in a good mood, moody, fed up, impatient, irritable
Kaarkaarpa /Karkarpa Mulyaringkula
Kaarr-kaarrpa, Mirrparntju
People always around them, in groups Tjunguringanyi kutjutu Kata Kapurtu
Person who is always helping, kind, good hearted, obliging
Pukultju, mukulya Wangarnarra
Popular, famous --- Katangururrpa
Proud, movie star, think they are the best, narcissistic, slow to react, doesn’t care, -explore pride, egotistical
Kanany-kananypa Palurunku kutju kulilpai
Karnany-Karnanypa
Quiet, calm, placid, unruffled Aatanpa Kanunypa
Selfish Nyiinytju Nyiinytju Ngurrtju
Stealer, thief, stealing from the shop all the time, dishonest, sneaky
Kankalya Mulyatanytju
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Sulky Mirpantju, anangungka wangkapai wiya, kutju nyinapai Ulanti, mulyariringkupai Tjalalypa
Yularnti Ngarilypa Tjalalypa kutju nyinapayi
Surrounded by everyone, popular, famous Nguruntjura kanyilpai Ngururrtjura Kanyilpayi
Tantrum, little kids, oppositional Ulara tjinanpungkupai Tjuni kuratjara
Nyurri-nyurri Tjuni kurratjarra
Telling fibs --- Mayunytju
Wanting to attract people by making up stories, exaggerating and boasting
--- Mayunytju-mayunytju
Wanting things for herself Ngurtjuringkupai Ngurrtjurripayi ngurrturringkupayi
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2.7 Biological / Psychological / Social factors English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
BIOLOGICAL
A doctor will identify what is wrong with the body inside
Doctor-ngku nintingku, ngurkantanku, pika unngutja
Doctor-lu nintilu pika ngurrkarntankupayi
Body, living body, life Palumpa puntu Palunyaku Yarnangu Kutjupa-kutjuparringu
Body Puntu Yarnangu puntu
Whole body Anangu Puntu winki
Yarnangu
Whole lot – in terms of meat, whole body not carved up, human, person
Puntu winki Yarnangu pirninyartu nyaku
PSYCHOLOGICAL
Inside me my spirit is thinking Unngu kutju kuruntu kulintja Yungarralu kulintja
The way your mind works Nyuntumpa kulintja Kuwar-Kuwararringu
The way your spirit works, what you are thinking Nyuntu kutjupa-kutjupa katangka kanyini Kutjulu yungarralu
SOCIAL
All the people living together doing things together
Anangu tjuta tjungu nyinara tjungungku palyani Yarnangu pirni pukurlpa lurrtju nyinarra Kutjurtu palyalpayi
Everybody, the whole community, Companions together
Malparara malparara uwankara Tjarnturarra-tjarnturarra nyinarra
What is happening in the community group that is causing this problem
Nyaaringanyi ngurangka, walytja tjutangka, community?
Nyaarringkula? Yungarralu kutjupa-kutjupa palyara Kulira palyara Kurrarringkula
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2.8 Questions useful in assessment English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
Any problem? (Literally “Anything bad coming up?”
Kutjupa kutjupa kura utiringanyi? Kutjupa-kutjupa kurra yartakarrinyangka?
Are you OK? Nyuntun palya? Walykumunu?
Are you suspicious more than usual? Ngukalpai ngukani (suspicious) Tirtu-muntan ngurlu-ngurlu nyinapayi?
Do something! Palyala kutjupa-kutjupa ---
Do you feel as though people are ‘out to get’ you? Ngulu-ngulun nyinapai? Ngurluny-ngurlunypa nyinapayi?
Do you ‘hear’ things? Kulinin kutjupa-kutjupa? Kulira-muntan kutjupa-kutjupa?
Do you see things/Can you see ‘something’? Kutjupa kutjupan nyanganyi? Nyakula-muntan kutjupa-kutjupa?
Have you noticed any changes in yourself? Nyuntu walytjangku kutjupa kutjuparingkunyangka kuliningi?
Kutjuparrinytja-muntankun kulira?
How are you feeling? Nyanguwanpan kulini? Yaaltji-yaaltjin nyinarra?
How do you feel today? Nyaan kulini? Yaaltji-yaaltjin kulini?
How shall I do...? What for? What? What? (Different things.)
Nyaana? Nyaaku? Nyaa? Nyaapa? (Kutjupa-Kutjupa.)
Nyaaku? Nyaapa? Wanytjapirinypa?
How would you describe your usual self? Yaaltji yaaltjingkun nyuntu walytjangku utira wangkaku?
Yaaltji-yaaltjilunkun nyuntulu watjalku
Is your head spinning? Is your head aching? Katanta lirpunganyi? Kata liirrpungkula Kata yurrirra
Tell someone how you feel Kutjupa wangka nyaa kulini
Tell someone what happened Kutjupa wangka nyarringun
Tell someone what’s going on with you Kutjupa wangka nyuntu nyaaringu
What is that person typically like? Nyaa purunypa mulapa Anangu nyaratja? Nyaa nguwanpa mulapa Anangu nyaratja? Yaaltji yaaltji Anangu nyaratja nyinapai?
Nyaapirinypa yarnangu nyarranya?
What’s the matter? Nyaaringun? Nyaarringun?
What is troubling you? Nyaaringun? Nyaarringun?
What is your problem? Nyaakun putu kulini? Nyaan? Nyaakun purtu kulira
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What was he/she like before? Yaaltji yaaltji paluru kuranyu nyinangi? [different dialect of Pitjantjatjara.] Yaaltji yaaltji paluru nganmanypa nyinangi? [APY Lands dialect of Pitjantjatjara.]
Yaaltji-yaaltji kurranyulpi nyinarranytja?
What were you like before? Yaaltji yaaltjin nyinangi? Nya nguwanpa kuranyu nyinangi?
Yaaltji-yaaltjin nyuntulun nyinarranytja?
What was your [family member] like before? Yaaltji yaaltji nyuntumpa tjitji [child] nyinangi Yaaltji-yaaltji nyuntuku katja [son] nyinarranytja?
Son Katja Katja
Daughter Untalpa Yurntalpa
Friend Malpa Yamatji
Wife / partner Miita, kuri, tjungutja Kurri
Husband / partner Miita, kuri, tjungutja Kurri
Mother Ngunytju Ngunytju
Father Mama Mama
Sister Kangkuru (older sister) malanypa (younger sister) Tjurtu
Brother Kuta (older brother) malanypa (younger brother) Kurta
Youngfella (young and initiated) Wati yangapala Nyiwayi
Young Girl Kungkawara Kungkawara
Who is my real mother? Who is my real father? [Related to genes, DNA, matching genes, blood type]
Ngunytju mula mula, mama mula, mula? Ngananyatju mama mularrpa? Ngananyatju ngunytju mularrpa?
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3. Statements to get help Statements to get help
English Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Ngaanyatjarra
Emergency Wala-wala, warpuwa Waarrpuwa
Go to the clinic with a friend or grandmother for support.
--- Yamatji kati
I am worried it will cause trouble if people know I am speaking to you so it has to be confidential.
--- Pirnilu kuliltjakutarra
I have a really serious problem. Kutjupa kutjuparinguna Kutjupa-kutjuparringurna
I have a really urgent problem. Kuraringuna Kurrarringurna
I have a serious mental health problem, it is getting worse and worse and I am asking you for help.
Katani kuraringu kani wanyu alpamilala Katarni kurrarringu nyangkarnanta tjapira yirringkankutjaku
I have a very big problem, I need your help, it is a private matter.
--- Kutjupa-kutjuparnanta wangkakitja
I need help Alpamilalani Mukurringkularna yirringkankutjaku
I need to be able to trust you --- Kutjungkarnanta wangkakitja
I need to speak to you about a private matter Nyuntunya kutjunanta tjapilkitja Kutjungkarnanta wangkakitja Kutjungkarnanta wangkaku
I want some help but I’m frightened of what will happen if anyone finds out
--- Ngurlurringkularna pirniluya kuliltjakutarrartu
It is an emergency Mapalku palyala Kulira wantinytjamaaltu palyala
It is dangerous for me to talk about this. Kumpilparnanta wangkakitja
It is urgent Warpuwa, wala-walangku Waarrpuwa
Please help me! Alpamilalani Yirringkarrarni
Serious - immediately Mapalku palyala Waarrpuwa palyala
Something terrible will happen if we don’t get help.
Kutjupa kutjupana palyalku Kutjupa-kutjuparna palyalku Kutjupa-kutjuparriku
Straight away. Kuwaritu Kuwarrinyartu
This is a mental health emergency Katana kuraringu Katarna kurrarringu
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This is a very private, confidential and sensitive matter.
Kutjungkarnanta wangkakitja
Urgent Mapalkungku palyala Kulira wantinytjamaaltu
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4. Mental health terms and concepts in more detail
4.1 Anxiety Anxiety
Kaamararinganyi Ngunti-ngunti tjirkani
Suspicious feeling – leads to feeling of anxiety Jumpy feeling
Kamararinganyi Spooked, have goose bumps
Ngulu-ngulu nyinanyi Always worried and scared
Nguluinganyi Fearful
Urulyaranu XXX
Latingku nyakula kurunpa wiyaringanyi
Seeing things out of the corner of your eye
Tjirkanu XXX
Kurunpa tutukatinyi XXX
Miri aralytjaringu XXX
Ngurluny-ngurlunypa (Ng) Fearful, fear of being left behind
Tjulurr-tjulurrpa (Ng) Jumpy, anxious
Ngululytju ngululytju (P) Fearful
Kutjupa kutjupaku nguluringanyi XXX
Puntu winki tjitiringu Anxiety, stressed out, hair stands on end, sweat breaks out
Puntu winki kurunpa tarka XXX
Uparingu tjitiringanyi Whole body experience
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4.2 Child Development Pitjantjatjara Ngaanyatjarra English Comments
Stage 1: pregnancy and newborns
Mukala, paku, mutipaku
Kapi ngurra Polite, good way of describing a woman who is expecting
**don’t use “tjunitjara”, this will cause problems
Puyutjura Puyu tjura Put through the smoke Baby is only having breast milk
Iti puyutjunanyi Iti puyutjunkula Smoking a baby
Iti Iti Baby, infant
Ipi (ama is alternative) Mimi tjikira, mimi nintira Breast feeding
Iti tjararingu Iti tjararingu Mother at home with the baby Picture the mother bonding and cuddling the baby
Ampuli, amupulyinanyi Yamputjara nyinara Sitting down at home holding baby Include story and eye contact (from when baby is held and cuddled)
Tjukurpa wangkanyi Telling stories to the baby
Walytja walkuni Telling the baby about their family
iti ngari-ngari Baby lying down
Iti kulunypa, Yiti / pilyirrpa Newborn Baby recognises mother
iti pilytirpa (Y), Iti ngarinytja (P) iti pinilpa newborn Alternative for newborn
ngulinguli Ngurli ngurli Baby floppy, can’t sit up, newborn 1-2 months old
Traditionally the father wouldn’t see the baby until it was smoked and reached ngurli ngurli
Iti kutinykatipai Iti kutinykatira Baby rolling over
Iti nyina-nyina Baby sitting up Baby sitting up with mother and father trying to feed her/him (spoon feeding)
Iti katitjara Getting teeth Teeth come up after “nyina nyina”
Iti mara-mara Iti mara-mara Baby crawling
Iti ngaranyi Pakara ngarama Baby standing up Iti ngaranyi
Iti tjunta-tjunta, iti tjina-tjina Iti tjina-tjina Baby starting to walk
Iti wirtjapakalpai Tjitji ankupayi Baby running Iti wirtjapakalpai
Ikaringanyi Laughing (baby)
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Pitjantjatjara Ngaanyatjarra English Comments
Iti ikaringkupai Iti ikarringkupayi Smiling and laughing baby
Iti paranyanganyi Baby looking around
Itiku wangka Itiku wangka Baby starting to make sounds, starting to talk
Pina ala; pina alaringanyi Listening From early
Nyinara ngalkuni Nyinara ngalkula Sitting down eating
Nguytjuku mai wiru ngalkuni Ngunytjulu mirrka ngalkula Mother eating good food Big baby (toddler) sitting down eating chicken
Stage 2 – toddlers to school age
This stage could be referred to as “tjirranka”
iti pulkaringu Iti pulkaringu Child got big Baby is now eating solid foods
Iti katititjara Iti kartirtitjararingu Child with teeth
Malanypa pitjaku Marlanypa pitjaku Around 3 years sometimes a younger sibling comes along
Ampura kanyini Ampura kanyini Parent carrying child, arms around
Tjupura katipai Tjupura katipayi Carrying malanypa (younger siblings) around
This happens from the age of 3 years to teenager until nyinka – then big teenage boys don’t carry the small kids, only the big girls do.
Tjanara katipai Tjanara katipayi Piggyback Parents also carry kids around in the same way
Pinira katipai Pinira katipayi Carrying younger siblings on shoulder Our child is now old enough to carry her younger sibling around
Tjitji kulunypa; tjitji pulka-pulka Tjitji kurlunypa Child 3-5 years old
Tjitji tjirangka Tjitji tjirranka Age group of boys 2-5 years old off playing together, searching for new things
Tjulpuku tjatikuatulpai Hunting and throwing stones at birds and small lizards
3-5 years old
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Tjitjingku tjulpu atulpai Hunting and throwing stones at birds
Tinkaku nintiringanyi Learning about hunting bigger lizards 5-6 years old
Kukaku ankupai; Kukaku ngurilpai Hunting
Tjiranka-purlkanya / Tjitji purlkanya Child 4-5 years old
Stage 3 – school age
Tjitji kuulitja Primary school age
Milpatjunkunytja & mani mani Girls storytelling on the ground with stick or wire
From 3-4 year old for rest of their lives
Walkatjunkupai 5, 6, 7 year old drawing and scribbling on paper and on the ground
Kutangku kangkurungku - Tjanara minara katipai munu– atunymankupai
5, 6,7, 8 year old looking after younger sibling and carrying them around
Kangkurungku katipai malanypa mukuly_angku
Older sister loving younger sister and carrying her around – ages so similar they could be twins
Maringka said that there is no word for twins in language.
Mukulyangku kanyilpai kutangku munu kangkurung-ku
Older brother loves younger brother/siblings and spend all their time together
nyitayirangku kungka pailpai Boys tell the girls to go away 5-6 year old
Atura pailpai Throw stones to make them go away
Ngapartji ngapartji kungkangku pailpai
Girls in turn tell the boys to go away
At age 7-8-9 malanypa are looking up to their kuta kangkuru – copying them
Kuta kangkuru katipai malanypa The older siblings taking along the younger siblings
Pulkaringkunytja Growing up/grown up
Stage 4 – teenagers
Kungkawara Becoming a tall girl – teenager Wait til the right time to marry
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Mutitaanpa; mutilya; nyiinka Young fella, young man from 12-14-15 years, teenager, still at school
Same words in all NPY languages. Used to not talk to each other but today are boyfriend and girlfriend – long time ago boys and girls used to keep separate
watiringku watiringku; watiringkula Boys become wati (men)
Kungkawara Wait till the right time then marry
Kungka-wara; Murtilya Teenager
Stage 5 – becoming adults/parents
Mamaringkula ngunytjuringkula Become parents themselves
Mamaringkuku Mamarringu Becomes father
Ngunytjuringkuku Ngurntjurringu Becomes mother
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4.3 Depression Depression
Tjituru-tjituru Descriptions of the state of persistent depression
Tjituru-tjituru pulka (P)
Tjituru-tjituru purlka (Ng)
Kurunpa tjaru
Tjituru-tjituru purlka kuintja-purlka
Kurunpangka ngukunypangka kura pulkaringu
Tirtu pikatjarra nyingarra Everlasting sickness
Kularruru Forever, never ending, persistent
Titutjarangku urukulini XXX
Uru kulintja pulka kurunpa uparingu XXX
Tjituru-tjituru pulkatjara Big sadness, really sad
Walytjangku wiyantjaku Feeling suicidal, intending suicide
Putukulilarringu No hope, despair
Putu kulini Giving up hope
Kulilpai pulka, tjituru tjituru pulka, wangkara kulilpai, kulintja pulka
Rene’s description of despair
Kulintja walytjatjara Despair about self
Walytjangku kulira-wanani Despairing about oneself
Nyuntu nyaa wiru kulini wirura nyinanytjikitjangku
What sort of good thoughts do you have in order to keep yourself going?
Kulintja pulka tjituru-tjituru pulka mungangka kulipai
Endless worrying, stress and anxiety, feeling devastated, worrying and thinking all night long
Nguru-nguru kunkunpa nyinanyi ipilypa wiya pukulpa wiya
Lethargic, low motivation, lack of energy, not happy
Kultjirr-kutjirr-pa (Ng) No motivation; no appetite
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Putu ngalkuni palumppa pika ngaranyangka
Unable to eat due to illness
Tjuni ultu paltjatjiratja Having a hunger that must be satisfied
Yungara-lu wiyalkitja-ku (Ng) ?Thinking
Atatjura kulini purkara-ngku (P) Concentrate
Yatatjura-kulira (Ng) Concentrate
Tjukurpa trauma-tjara mala kutura kulini nganmanytju tjunkunytjatjanungku
XXXX
Wuyurpa Mood or feeling
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4.4 Trauma Trauma Kaamara
Ngulu-ngulu Mirpanaripai Kulintja kaar kaarpa Kulintja pulka tjirkalpai Ngulu kumpilpai Mirapai Kunkunpa wiya Kulil-kulilpa Kulira-kulira Ruru Ruru kulilpai Ruru nyakupai Tjirkalpai Pulkara kulira Kulil kulilpai Kulintja pulka Ngunti pulkara ngulutingkupai Kulintja pulkatjara Kutju nyinapai Kaarkaarpa, putu kulilpai Mirpanaripai, kawaru-kawaru Ruru kulilpai Ruru nyakupai Katangka kutjupa kutjupa kulilpai
Victim - something bad happens to you
Kukanypa – targeted all the time Freedom wiya
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Safety Kutitji purunytju anagatjuru ngalkira kanyilpa – like a shield protecting from danger Wankaru kanyini Kurangka-tawara atunymara kanyilpai
Mood Kulintja tjituru-tjituru Kulintja pukulpa Kulintjatjara – how you feel Yaaltji-yaaltji nyuntu walytjangku ungu kulini
Story-telling form: Children will tell what has happened
Milpatjunanyi Mani-mani
Vicarious trauma Ruu ruulu kulipayi
Rape and domestic violence; trauma
Tjirkalpai ngulu kumpilpai mirapai Kaamara ngulu-ngulu
? Kunkunaripayi
Abuse of power – someone you are supposed to look after but you don’t, you do the wrong thing
Wankaru nurkiantjikitja Putulirinyi Ngulu ngulungka kulintja
Betrayal of trust Intjanu unkupai – give away used in a negative way – trade him in Intjanungu – betrayed Jesus and he was crucified Urakanyini – betraying Kalypalku nintilku (N) – betray Inytjanungku ma-unganyi – pungkula iluntanku-nytjaku; mai-ulytja
Entrapment – kept without choice
Pauntjingara kanyini; Mayatja-mayatjangku pauntjingara patira kanyini Yaartjirikuna? What can I do? What will happen to me?
Helplessness
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Pain Pika akaaka (P) Kaar ngaranyi (P) Kaarngaranyi aka-aka
Confusion Kawaru-kawaru kawaankatingu Putu kulini (P) Purtu kulira (N)
Loss Kawankatingu – through sickness, death Kulintjawiyaniykupau – loss of spirit Kurunpa kawalinkupai – loss of spirit
Vulnerable Wankaru nyinantjikitja putulirinyi – an inability to know how it feels to be safe; needs protection; not feeling I can survive. Ngulu ngulungku kulintja
Prolonged events Rawa ngarakatira Kutjulpitu ngarala wanaratja – ongoing Tjamuku yarangka – prolonged event over generations Rawa ngarakatipai Tirtu ngarapayi – never stops, ongoing Kutjulpitu ngarala wanaratja – ongoing
Repeated events Iritinguru ngarakatinytja Tirtu ngarala wanyalpayi – ongoing Arangka Tjamuku Kamiku arangka Tjamuku aranka – prolonged event over generations
Fear for life; overwhelmed Titutjarangku pulkara kulira urulyarara nguluringkupai
Ripple effect Puui urungka waninyangka walka utiringkupai Ngururnguru walks ma-lipiringkupai kapingka
Human nervous system responses to trauma
Freeze Kulintja kawalinanyi Kurunpa wiyaringanyi
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Frozen/still Tiwilpa
Severe shock Kurunpa Tuutuukatira Uparingauyi puntu winki Urulyarara Nguluringkula Tjititinganyi Purlkara ngulurinykula tjulurralku Purlkara ngulurinykula tjulurralku
Shivering Shaking Shock
Urulyarara Nguluringkula Tjititinganyi
Short-term response to trauma
Disbelief Putu mulamularinganyi
Fear Pulkara nguluringanyi
Shame Kuntaringanyi
Numbing Manarpa, mananaripai (from injury - physical) Kulintja ala patiringu Kuliltja pati Waawanyarinyi – paralysed Kurunpa wiyaringanyi – paralysed
Inability to remember accurately Kulintja patiringkupai Kawaru kawaruringu Pulu kililpai Putu kulini Para kawarurinyi
Re-experiencing Rawangku kulilpai Tjukur-tjukurmananyi
Insomnia and inability to relax Kulirakulira malaku kulini Kunkunpa wiyaringkupai
Long term impacts
Alcohol and drug use Wamatjikilpai
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Depression Iluru-iluru Tjituru-tjituru Kulintja pulka pilunpa
Anxiety Kulintja pulka
Disrupted relationships Mauntalpa-mauntalpa nyinanyi Walytjarara wiya Manlalpa nyinapayi
Poor sense of self “ngayulu mangutja” “walytja wiya ngayulumungutja”
Self harming “walytjangkunatju wiyani” – suicide Walytjangkunku kulira palyani – thinking about doing something to yourself
Continued fear and dissociation Titutjara ngulurringkupai/nguluntju
Aggressive and abusive behaviour Titutjara kaarkaarpa munu mirpantju
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4.5 Mindfulness and Meditation
Meditation
Yungaralu ruukulipayi (Ng) Thinking of yourself and you want to let go so that you are not stuck on any thoughts. You are thinking about your being.
Tjatarrku kulira (Ng) Thinking deeply
Kuliltjarra (ng) Mindful
Kulilpayi (Ng)
Kutjungku pilunpangku kulini (P) Sitting by yourself and thinking
Ungu kulini Thinking/feeling inside
Kutjungku piluntu kulini kulintja wiru pakantjaku puntungka
Thinking quietly by yourself so you will evoke good feelings in your body
Praymilani kuruntu Your spirit is praying
Kura tjuta kulintja wiya Don’t think about bad things
Kulini
Pulkara ruukulira Kurarringkupayi Tjarruripayi Pikarripayi Mirrpanpa
Wuyurr-pa miraltja-ku Wuyurr-pa walykumunurripayi Wuyurr-pa pukurla-pa ngarapayi
Mamala tjapira wuuyupa walykumunurinyku
Puntu unngu-wanungku uru kulira-wanani uparingganyi
Thinking too much (right through you) about things can weaken you
Alatja ankula puntu walytjaku kulirinkupai pilun-piluntu
Pilun-pilun-tu kulintja
Puntu winku katakatinyi
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Kulintja kura tjuta ngukunypangka taa-taani
Like a monkey jumping around
Kulini ngulu-ngulu-ngka
Pulkara kulira ngarinyi
Non-judging
Waltjangku kurara punkutja wiya (P) Not judging yourself (literally ‘don’t beat yourself up’)
Kulira wantima Disregard, ignore
Nyakula wangkanytja wiya
Patience
Purkara patani Waiting patiently, slowly
Yatatjura kuliltjaku kuwaripa yatajura nyiina
Kulintja pulka nguru ma tjaruringanyi
Having a beginner’s mind
Kulintja kuwaritja (P) New thinking
Ngurrpapirny-pa\tju nintiringama
Trust
Kalkuntja Promise
Nganganma kulintja Belief in a person
Mulamularinganayi
Ngurkantananyi
Mulamulringkunytja
Nintiringa kutjupa kutku-pa ku ngurrkatara
Ngurkatananyi nyakulinanyi mulamularinganyi
Walytja mulamularinganyi Anangu palya ngurkantara kutjupa wanantja wiya
Trusting people you know, not following others
Non-striving
Waintarikuntja wiya kutjupa kutjupa tjutaku nyuntunya pukulmankuntjaku (P)
Don’t look at other things to make you happy
Wayintara kuliltjamaatu wanti
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Kata-mangka ngukunypa pulyku milkali
Acceptance
Ngapirinypatuna
Letting go
Wantiriyala witira kanyintja wiyaangku (P) Leave it, don’t hold on
Witira kanyintja kura wantiriyala
Wanti tirtu kulintjamaaltu
**This document is a work in progress. For any contributions or feedback please email [email protected]