Using the SIB-R to Assess Housing and Independent Living Skills Outcomes for Postsecondary Students...
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Transcript of Using the SIB-R to Assess Housing and Independent Living Skills Outcomes for Postsecondary Students...
Using the SIB-R to Assess Housing and Independent Living Skills Outcomes for Postsecondary Students with Intellectual Disabilities
November 2013Jugnu Agrawal, Ph.D.
Catherine Creighton Thompson, Ph.D. Candidate
David A. Lojkovic, Ph.D. CandidateMichael Frye, Ph.D. Candidate
Heidi J. Graff, Ph.D.
Definition
Four-year transition and post secondary, non-degreed program, educating students with Intellectual and developmental disabilities
and
Supportive apprenticeship for students who are
majoring in human service studies which provides
practical experience learning from, and working
with, individuals with disabilities
Components
AcademicResidentialEmploymentExplorationResearch
George Mason University
College of Education and Human Development
Kellar Institute for Human disAbilities
Mason LIFE Program
Director
Research ProgramAcademic Program
ExplorationProgram
Residential Program
EmploymentProgram
Academic Coordinator
University Coordinator
ResidentialCoordinator
Employment Coordinator
Office Manager
Program Organization
Students (N = 42), 2012-2013
First Years-15 Second Years-9 Third Years- 11 Fourth Years-7
Support Staff = 42
Residential Housing
Residential Housing
The residential component
continues to build upon the
foundation fostered in the
independent living and community access classes
taught in the academic program.
Residential Housing, 2012-2013
Number of units: 7 On campus and off
campus townhouses Number of students: 23 Support Staff:7
Overnight and 13 Day
Characteristics
“Impairments in adaptive functioning such as communication and social skills are prevalent across the population of ASD and ID.”
-Matson, Rivet, Fodstad, Dempsey, & Boisjoli (2009) "intellectual disability (ID) is a disability characterized by
significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills.”
-AAIDD (2010) Individuals with ID and DD exhibit deficits across multiple
domains.
-Belva & Matson (2013)
Daily Living Skills
“The improvement in daily living skills for individuals with ASD into the late 20s likewise suggests that it may be possible for daily living skills to be gained at later points in development, even as skills in other areas plateau.”
-Smith, Maenner, & Seltzer (2012) “Daily Living scores were lowest.”
-Howlin, Elison, Udwin, & Stinton (2010)
Independent Living
Greater levels of independence correlate to higher levels of life satisfaction.
-Gooden-Ledbetter, Cole, Maher, & Condeluci (2007) Supports maybe necessary for persons with
disabilites to live as independently as possible.
-Deguara, Jelassi, Micallef, & Callus (2012) “The goal of adults with ID is the same as it is with
any adult - to lead as independent and productive a life as possible.”
-Bowman, & Plourde (2012)
Task Completion
For adults, a greater emphasis on activities that they can do/complete acknowledges what they can do versus completing tasks ‘normally.’
-Maenner, Smith, Hong, Makuch, Greenberg, & Mailick (2012)
Employment
Social skills and communication deficits have negative impacts on transition and future employment.
-Chiang, Cheung, Li, & Tsai (2013) Adaptive behavior skills correlate to
higher level of employment.
-Carter, Austin, & Trainor (2012)
SIB-R Scales of Independent
Behavior-Revised (SIB-R) was used to assess student independent living skills.
The scale includes 14 subscales and 8 behavior questions. There are a total of 63 subscale questions and 8 behavior questions.
Norming Sample of SIB-R
2,182 individuals in 15 states and 60 communities
Three age groups
–Early childhood (N=670)
–Childhood (N=758)
–Adolescent-Adult (N=754) Up to age 90
Survey Implementation
Residential Overnight Support staff independently complete the scale Fall of 2011 Spring of 2012 Fall of 2012 Spring of 2013
Reliability Check
Data input: 30% of the data were randomly selected. Data entered in SPSS were checked against the original scale score sheets.
Data analysis: 100% of the data were independently analyzed by two of the researchers. Their analyses were in 100% agreement.
Data Analysis
Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses were run to look at the difference between students living on campus and commuting students.
OLS regression equation:
Y = ß0 + ß1X1 + ß2X2 + ß3D + ê
Scale Mean for Commuting
Students
Mean for Residential students
Social* 44.3 49.7
Meals* 38.9 50.1
Grooming* 46.5 50.4
Dressing* 41.1 46.0
Personal Care* 33.9 40.5
Domestic* 25.9 34.2
Time* 44.0 49.4
Money 31.5 33.0
Home 33.4 36.9
*NOTE: All means are adjusted according to OLS regression results. Scales with significant differences (at α = .05) are indicated by (*)
Results for students with data from Fall 2012 and Spring 2013 (n=38)
Difference in Commuting and Residential Students
Results for students over two years
Video
Conclusion
Continue to see growth over time Residential students outperforming
commuter students Social; Meals Grooming; Dressing Personal Care; Domestic Time
Implications for Practice
More progress being made for Residential Housing students versus commuter students Intensify Independent Living Additional section for commuter
students
Future Research
Comparison with on and off campus Residential Housing
Comparison based upon gender Comparison based upon disability
area
References American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2010).
Definition of intellectual disability. Retrieved from http://www.aaidd.org. Belva, B., & Matson, J. (2013). An examination of specific daily living skills
deficits in adults with profound intellectual disabilities. Research In Developmental Disabilities, 34(1), 596-604.
Bowman, S., & Plourde, L. (2012). Andragogy for teen and young adult learners with intellectual disabilities: Learning, independence, and best practices. Education, 132(4), 789-798.
Bruininks, R., Woodcock, R. W., Weatherman, R. F., & Hill, B. K. (1996). Scales of Independent Behavior–Revised (SIB-R). Chicago: Riverside.
Carter, E., Austin, D., & Trainor, A. (2012). Predictors of Postschool Employment Outcomes for Young Adults With Severe Disabilities. Journal Of Disability Policy Studies, 23(1), 50-63.
Chiang, H., Cheung, Y., Li, H., & Tsai, L. (2013). Factors Associated with Participation in Employment for High School Leavers with Autism. Journal Of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 43(8), 1832-1842.
Deguara, M., Jelassi, O., Micallef, B., & Callus, A. (2012). How we like to live when we have the chance. British Journal Of Learning Disabilities, 40(2), 123-127. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3156.2012.00743.x
References, continued Gooden-Ledbetter, M. J., Cole, M. T., Maher, J. K., & Condeluci, A. (2007). Self-
efficacy and interdependence as predictors of life satisfaction for people with disabilities: Implications for independent living programs. Journal Of Vocational Rehabilitation, 27(3), 153-161.
Howlin, P., Elison, S., Udwin, O., & Stinton, C. (2010). Cognitive, Linguistic and Adaptive Functioning in Williams Syndrome: Trajectories from Early to Middle Adulthood. Journal Of Applied Research In Intellectual Disabilities, 23(4), 322-336.
Maenner, M. J., Smith, L. E., Hong, J., Makuch, R., Greenberg, J. S., & Mailick, M. R. (2012). Evaluation of an activities of daily living scale for adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities. Disability and health journal.
Matson, J. L., Rivet, T. T., Fodstad, J. C., Dempsey, T., & Boisjoli, J. A. (2009). Examination of adaptive behavior differences in adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. Research In Developmental Disabilities, 30(6), 1317-1325.
Smith, L.E., Maenner, M.J., & Seltzer, M. (2012). Developmental trajectories in adolescents and adults with autism: The case of daily living skills. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(6), 622-631.
Walton, K., & Ingersoll, B. (2013). Improving Social Skills in Adolescents and Adults with Autism and Severe to Profound Intellectual Disability: A Review of the Literature. Journal Of Autism & De