User Manual 5-7H 04443728aa.pdf

Micrologic control units5.0 H, 6.0 H and 7.0 HLow Voltage Products

User manual

Firmware version H Logic-2002 AA

E604

39A

We do more with electricity.

Micrologic H Schneider Electric1

Discovering Micrologic H 4Identification 4Presentation 5Setting procedure 6Setting Micrologic 5.0 H using the dials 8Setting Micrologic 6.0 H using the dials 9Setting Micrologic 7.0 H using the dials 10Selecting the type of neutral protection 11Main menus 12Metering 14History, maintenance and setup 18Protection 20Overview of functions 22Current protection 22Voltage protection 28Other protection 29Load shedding and reconnection 30Measurements 31Harmonic measurements 33Alarms 44Optional M2C and M6C contacts 45Event histories 46LEDs and display screens 47COM communications option 49Setup 50Setting up the optional M2C / M6C contacts 50Setting up the Micrologic control unit 52Setting up the metering functions 55Setting up the COM communications option 58Protection settings 60Fine adjustment of the long-time I2t, short-time andinstantaneous settings using the keypad 60Fine adjustment of the long-time Idmtl, short-time andinstantaneous settings using the keypad 61Fine adjustment of the ground-fault and earth-leakageprotection setting using the keypad 62Setting the neutral protection 63Setting the It, I unbal, max, U min, U max, U unbal, rP max,F min, F max and phase-rotation protection functionsusing the keypad 64Setting load shedding / reconnection 66Metering 68Current measurements 68Voltage measurements 71Power measurements 73Energy measurements 75Harmonic measurements 76Frequency measurements 82Maintenance 84Resetting fault indications 84Viewing the event histories 85Operation counter and contact-wear indicator 86Checking/replacing the battery 87Tests 88

Micrologic control units5.0 H, 6.0 H and 7.0 H

I


Technical appendix 90Tripping curves 90Voltage measurements 92Zone selective interlocking (ZSI) 94Power supply 95Changing the long-time rating plug 97Thermal memory 98Data available via the COM communications option 99Threshold and time-delay settings 101Other settings 104Measurement setting ranges and accuracy 105Power-factor sign conventions 106Index 108


Discovering Micrologic H

E719

27A

E719

26A

All Masterpact NT and NW circuit breakersare equipped with a Micrologic control unitthat can be changed on site.Control units are designed to protectpower circuits and connected loads.They offer current, voltage, frequency,power and energy measurements.The functions provided by Micrologic 5.0 H,6.0 H and 7.0 H control units optimisecontinuity of service and powermanagement in your installation.

Identification

E602

31A

X: type of protectionc 2 for basic protectionc 5 for selective protectionc 6 for selective + ground-fault protectionc 7 for selective + earth-leakage protection

Y: version numberIdentification of the control-unit generation:"0" signifies the first generation.

Z: type of measurementc A for "ammeter"c P for "power meter"c H for "harmonic meter"c no indication = no measurements

Micrologic 5.0 H

Selective protection + Idmtl,power measurements and additional protection

Selective protection + Idmtl

Micrologic 6.0 H

Selective protection + Idmtl + ground-fault protection,power measurements and additional protection

Selective protection+ Idmtl

E719

28A

E602

31A

0 Ir I

t

IiIsd

Idmtl

0 Ir I

t

IiIsd

Idmtl

Micrologic 7.0 H

Selective protection + Idmtl + earth-leakage protection,power measurements and additional protection

E719

29A

E602

31A

E514

52A

0 Ir I

t

IiIsd

Idmtl

Selective protection+ Idmtl

Earth-leakage protection

Micrologic 5.0 H

YX

Z

Micrologic 5.0 H

delaysettingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In .512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

x Intest

2

410

3

6 81215

off

4260AN 1 2 3

100

50

0

Micrologic 6.0 H

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

delay

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In

ground fault

BC

D E FGH

J

Ig tg(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

A

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

x Intest

2

410

3

6 81215

off

4260AN 1 2 3

100

50

0

Micrologic 7.0 H

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

delay

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

800

earth leakage

12

3 5 71020

30

t(ms)

60.5

140

230 350In(A)

x Intest

2

410

3

6 81215

off

4260AN 1 2 3

100

50

0

0 I

t

In

Ground-fault protection

E602

33A

0 I

t

I2t off

I2t on

Ig


1 top fastener2 terminal block for external connections3 housing for battery4 screw for long-time rating plug5 long-time rating plug6 cover opening point7 protective cover8 lead-seal fixture for protective cover9 infrared link with communications interfaces10 connection with circuit breaker11 bottom fastener

Indications

12 LED indicating long-time tripping13 LED indicating short-time or

instantaneous tripping14 LED indicating ground-fault or

earth-leakage tripping15 LED indicating additional-protection or

auto-protection tripping16 graphics display17 button for reset of fault-trip LED reset

and battery test

Navigation

18 access button to the "Metering" menu (*)19 access button to the "History, maintenance

and setup" menu (*)20 access button to the "Protection" menu (*)21 button used to scroll down or reduce

the displayed value22 button used to scroll up or increase

the displayed value23 button used to select or confirm a choice

Adjustment dials

24 long-time current setting Ir25 long-time tripping delay tr26 short-time pickup Isd27 short-time tripping delay tsd28 instantaneous pickup Ii29 ground-fault pickup Ig30 ground-fault tripping delay tg31 earth-leakage pickup In32 earth-leakage tripping delay t33 LED indicating an overload34 test button for ground-fault and

earth-leakage protection35 test connector

(*

) These buttons include a LED indicating the active menu.

Presentation

E602

35B

E602

36A

E719

30A

Micrologic 5.0 H control unit Micrologic 6.0 H control unit

E602

38A

E602

39A

E602

40A

10

9

18 19 20

21 22 23

Micrologic 5.0 H

4260AN 1 2 3

100

50

0

12131415

16

17

delaysettingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In .512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

x In2

410

3

6 81215

off

2425

2627

33

28

35

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

delay

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In

ground fault

BC

D E FGH

J

Ig tg(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

A

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

x Intest

2

410

3

6 81215

off

35

33

34

28

2425

2627

2930

Micrologic 7.0 H control unit

E602

41B

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

delay

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

800

earth leakage

12

3 5 71020

30

t(ms)

60.5

140

230 350In(A)

x Intest

2

410

3

6 81215

off

33

28

34

35

2425

2627

3132

7

11

1

2

3

Micrologic 5.0

P

.4.5.6

.7.8

.9.95.98

1.5

12

48 12

1620

24

long time

alarm

Irtr(s)

x Inat 6 Ir

8

5

4

6



Settings using the dials

E602

50B

Setting procedure

c open the protectivecover.

Micrologic 5.0

Dialsc dials are used to set Micrologic Hprotection thresholds and tripping delays foroverloads, short-circuits, ground faults andearth leakage.c if the set thresholds are overrun, theseprotection functions systematically trip thecircuit breaker.

Buttonsc buttons on the keypad are used for fineadjustments of the protection thresholds andtripping delays for overloads, short-circuits,ground faults and earth leakage. The valuepreviously set using a dial automaticallybecomes the maximum value for the keypadsettings.c they may also be used to activate otherfactory-disabled protection functionsavailable on Micrologic H. These otherprotection functions are not accessible viathe dials.

With the protective cover open, make all thenecessary settings for your control unit.

All fine adjustments are permanently storedin memory, unless the setting is modifiedusing the adjustment dial.

For remote settings using thecommunications option,see the "Remote settings" section in the"Com setup" menu under "History,maintenance and setup".

E602

51B

Micrologic 5.0

c make the necessary settings using the dialsc the screen automatically displays the relevant curvec check the set value on the screen, in absolute valuein amperes (A) and in seconds (s).

Settings using the keypad

602

52B

Micrologic 5.0

c the and buttons under the screen may beused for fine adjustments of the settings made usingthe dials.c all the settings not available via the dials are madein the same manner, using the keypad.

Caution!A new overload (long-time) or short-circuit(short-time and instantaneous) protection settingmade using one of the dials:ccccc deletes all the fine adjustments previouslymade using the keypad for the overload(long-time) and short-circuit (short-time andinstantaneous) protectionccccc does not affect the fine adjustments madeusing the keypad for ground-fault andearth-leakage protectionccccc does not affect any other settings made usingthe keypad.

Similarly, a new ground-fault or earth-leakageprotection setting made using one of the dials:ccccc deletes all the fine adjustments previouslymade using the keypad for the ground-fault andearth-leakage protectionccccc does not affect the fine adjustments madeusing the keypad for the overload (long-time) andshort-circuit (short-time and instantaneous)protectionccccc does not affect any other settings made usingthe keypad.


With the protective cover closed,it is not possible to set the protectionfunctions. However, it is possible to setmetering functions and alarms, as well asview all measurements, settings andhistories.

Caution!If you notice that the tab on the back of the protectivecover has been broken off, contact the Schneiderafter-sales support department to replace the cover.

View the settings and measurements

E602

53B

Micrologic 5.0

E602

54B

Micrologic 5.0

c close the protectivecover for the dialsc access to the dials isblocked and it is nolonger possible to makefine adjustments usingthe keypad

c if necessary, install alead seal to protect thesettingsc settings may be viewedat any time using thekeypad.

E604

90B

Micrologic 5.0


Setting Micrologic 5.0 Husing the dials

Consider a 2000 A circuit breaker.

E603

25A

E604

45A

1

In = 2000 A

In = 2000 A

See pages 22 and 24 for selection of thesetting ranges.

Set the thresholds

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

short timeI i

instantaneous

long timeIr

x In

In = 2000 AIr = 0.5 x 2000 = 1000 A

Ii = 2 x 2000 = 4000 AIsd = 2 x 1000 = 2000 A

x In2

410

3

6 81215

off

Set the time delays

E603

26A

delay

short timetsd(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

long time

.512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

tr = 1 s

tsd = 0.2 s


E513

75A

E513

76A

tr

tsd

0 I

t

tr

tsd

0 I

t

I2t ON curve I2t OFF curvetime delays

tr: LT tripping delaytsd: ST tripping delay

E513

72A

E513

73A

Ir

Isd

Ii

0 I

tIr

Isd

Ii

0 I

t

I2t ON curve I2t OFF curvethresholds

Ir: LT thresholdIsd: ST pickupIi: Instantaneous pickup



Set the thresholds

Set the time delays

E603

29A

E603

30A


E604

45A

1

In = 2000 A

In = 2000 A

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

short timeI i

instantaneous

long timeIr

x In

ground fault

BC

D E FGH

J

Ig

A

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5x In

2

410

3

6 81215

off

In = 2000 A

Ir = 0.5 x 2000 = 1000 A

Ii = 2 x 2000 = 4000 A

Isd = 2 x 1000 = 2000 A

B Ig = 640 A

delay

short timetsd(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

long time

ground fault

tg(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

.512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

tr = 1 s

tg = 0.2 s

tsd = 0.2 s

See pages 22 to 26 for selectionof the setting ranges.

E514

15A

E514

16A

0 I

t

Ig

0 I

t

Ig

E514

19A

E514

18A

0 I

t

tg

0 I

t

tg

E513

76A

E513

75A

tr

tsd

0 I

t

tr

tsd

0 I

t

time delaysI2t ON curve I2t OFF curve

E513

73A

E513

72A

Ir

Isd

Ii

0 I

tIr

Isd

Ii

0 I

t

I2t ON curve I2t OFF curvethresholds

Ig: ground-fault pickup



tg: ground-fault tripping delay



Set the thresholds

E604

45A E

6033

3B


See pages 22 to 26 for selection ofthe setting ranges. Set the time delays

E603

34B

1

In = 2000 A

In = 2000 A

.4.5.6

.7 .8 .9.95.98

1

short timeI i

instantaneous

long timeIr

x In

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

earth leakage

12

3 5 71020

30.5

In(A)

x In2

410

3

6 81215

off

In = 2000 A

Ir = 0.5 x 2000 = 1000 A

Ii = 2 x 2000 = 4000 A

Isd = 2 x 1000 = 2000 A

In = 1 A

delay

short timetsd(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

long time

.512

4 8 121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

800

earth leakage

t(ms)

60

140

230 350

tr = 1 s

t = 140 ms

tsd = 0.2 s


I2t OFF curve

E513

76A

E513

75A

tr

tsd

0 I

t

tr

tsd

0 I

t

E514

23A

time delays

I2t ON curve

0 I

t

t

E513

73A

E513

72A

Ir

Isd

Ii

0 I

tIr

Isd

Ii

0 I

t

I2t ON curve I2t OFF curve

E514

21A

thresholds

0 I

t

In



In: earth-leakage pickup t: earth-leakage trippingdelay

E601

53A


Selection dial on four-pole circuit breakers

On four-pole circuit breakers, it is possible to select the type of neutral protectionfor the fourth pole using the three-position dial on the circuit breaker:c no neutral protection 4P 3Dc half neutral protection 3D + N/2c full neutral protection 4P 4D

The factory default setting is 3D + N/ 2.

Selecting the type of neutralprotection

E513

83A

4P 3D

3D+N/24P 4D

Caution!With the 4P 3D setting, the current in the neutral mustnot exceed the rated current of the circuit breaker.


Discovering Micrologic H Main menus

The Micrologic H control unit offers access to the main screen and three menus:c the main screen displaying the continuous measurement of the phase currents(I1, I2, I3) and the neutral current (IN), if it existsc the "Metering" menuc the "History, maintenance and setup" menuc the "Protection" menu.

Main screen

E601

01A

4260A1 2 3

100

50

0

"Metering", "History, maintenance and setup" and"Protection" menus

E719

31B

IU (V)

(kW)

(A)

E (kWh)P

Harmonic

v press the or button to return to the mainscreen

v press the button to return to the previousscreenv whatever the screen displayed, if no further action istaken, the system returns to the main screen after afew minutesv the LED goes OFF on exiting the menu.

As long as no functions are activated, Micrologic Hcontrol units display in real time the current on themost heavily loaded phase.The number for that phase is presented in a square.

The current in the neutral is displayed if the neutral CTis set as internal or external (see "Ineutral (A)"settings in the "Current protection" menu).

When a menu button is pressed, apresentation screen is displayed and thegreen LED on the button goes ON.

c "Metering" menu


E716

57A

c saving settings

E717

11A

E717

12A

Eventhistory

setupMetering

ContactsM2C / M6CMicrologicsetup

setupCom.

IP

CurrentprotectionVoltageprotectionOtherprotectionLoadsheddingLoadshedding

c "History, maintenance and setup" menu



c "Protection" menu



When a setting is made in any of the three menus, thescreen used to save the modification(s) may beaccessed by pressing one of the three buttons

, or .

v select yes to save the modificationsv select no to cancel and maintain the previoussettingsv this screen remains displayed until yes or no areselected.

Do you wantto save newsettings?

no

yes


Discovering Micrologic H Metering

Press the button to select the "Metering" menu.

move the cursor down the screen or decrement a value.

move the cursor up the screen or increment a value.

select an option in a list, confirm a selection or the value of a setting.

indicates that the operator is in the "Metering" menu and returnsto the previous screen.

return to the main screen.

Current measurements

E719

32B

IU (V)

(kW)

(A)

E (kWh)P

Harmonic

E719

33B

IU (V)

(kW)

(A)

E (kWh)P

Harmonic

I (A) access to the following sections:

Instant.

I1, I2, I3, INI1, I2, I3, IN currents(depending on the type ofsystem)

MaxStoring and reset of themaximum instantaneouscurrents

Demand

I1, I2, I3, INDemand current on thephases 1, 2, 3 and on N(depending on the type ofsystem)

MaxStoring and reset ofthe maximum demandcurrents.

Voltage measurements

I I I

U (V) access to the following sections:

Instant.Instantaneous phase-to-phase U12, U23, U31 andphase-to-neutral V1N, V2N, V3N voltages(depending on the type of system)

Average 3 Average voltage U average of the phase-to-phasevoltages.

Unbal 3 Unbalance voltage U unbal. of the phase-to-phasevoltages.

I

Phaserotation

Phase sequence.


E719

34B

IU (V)

(kW)

(A)

E (kWh)P

Harmonic

E719

35B

IU (V)

(kW)

(A)

E (kWh)P

Harmonic

Power measurements

P (kW) access to the following sections:

Instant.

P, Q, S,Total active power PTotal reactive power QTotal apparent power S

Powerfactor

Power factor PF

Demand

P, Q, S

Max

Demand values for the:c total active power Pc total reactive power Qc total apparent power S

Storing and reset ofthe maximum demand powervalues

Energy measurements

E (kWh) access to the following sections:

E total

E in

Total active energy E.PTotal reactive energy E.QTotal apparent energy E.S

Positive component of:c the total active energy E.Pc the total reactive energy E.Q

E outNegative component of:c the total active energy E.Pc the total reactive energy E.Q

ResetEnergy

Reset all the energy values to zero



Total harmonic distortionof currents I1, I2, I3 and IN

Total harmonic distortion ofvoltages U12, U23 and U31and V1N, V2N and V3N

Amplitude spectrum of oddcurrent harmonicsup to H31

Amplitude spectrum of oddvoltage harmonicsup to H31

E719

36B

IU (V)

(kW)

(A)

E (kWh)P

Harmonic

Harmonic measurements

access to the following sections:

Waveform capturefor currents I1, I2 and I3

Waveform capturefor the neutral current IN

Waveform capture forvoltages U12, U23 and U31

Measurement ofthe fundamental of voltagesU12, U23 and U31and V1N, V2N and V3N

Measurement ofthe fundamental of currentsI1, I2, I3 and IN

Total harmonic distortionof currents I1, I2, I3 and IN

Total harmonic distortionof voltages U12, U23 andU31 and V1N, V2Nand V3N

Measurement ofthe fundamental of activepower P, reactive power Qand apparent power S.

I1, 2, 3

IN

U12, 23, 31

I (A)

U (V)

P (W)

I (%)

U (%)

I (%)

U (%)

I (3, 5, 7,..., 31)

U (3, 5, 7,..., 31)

FFT

thd

THD

Fundament.

Waveform

Harmonic


Frequency measurement

F (Hz) access to the frequency measurement

E719

37B

(kW)(kWh)

UP

(V)

HarmonicE

F (Hz)


Discovering Micrologic H History, maintenanceand setup

Press the button to select the "History, maintenance and setup" menu.

move the cursor down the screen or decrement a value.

move the cursor up the screen or increment a value.

select an option in a list, confirm a selection or the value of a setting.

indicates that the operator is in the "History, maintenance and setup" menuand returns to the previous screen.

return to the main screen.

E717

11A

E717

13A

Eventhistory

setupMetering


setupCom.

Eventhistory

setupMetering


setupCom.

Event historyaccess to the following sections:

Triphistory

The last ten alarms recorded

Number of operations (opening or closing)

Contactwear

M2C / M6C Contacts

Eventhistory

The last ten faults recorded

Alarmhistory

Operationcounter

Wear of the circuit-breaker main contacts

access to the following sections:ContactsM2C / M6C

Assignment of a protection alarm to an M2C or anM6C contact

SetupLatching mode for each M2C or M6C contact

ResetReset of the M2C or M6C contacts

Alarmtype


Micrologic setup

E717

14A

E717

15A

Eventhistory

setupMetering


setupCom.

Eventhistory

setupMetering


setupCom.


Language

Setting of the date and time

Indication of the circuit-breaker type

Metering setup

Micrologicsetup

Selection of the display language

Date / time

Breakerselection

Select of the primary and secondary voltages onthe instrument transformerVT ratio

Indication of the rated system frequencySystemfrequency

access to the following sections:Meteringsetup

c 3 phases, 3 wires, 3 CTs: method using twowattmetersc 3 phases, 4 wires, 3 CTs: method using threewattmetersc 3 phases, 4 wires, 4 CTs: method using threewattmeters with measurement of the neutralcurrent.

Currentdemand

Selection of the calculation method and setting ofthe time interval for the calculation

Selection of the calculation method and setting ofthe parameters for the calculation

Systemtype

Powerdemand

Setting of the sign convention for the power factorand reactive power, i.e. IEEE, IEEE alternate or IEC(see page 106 to determine the sign convention)

Signconvention

Setting the power signPowersign

E717

16A

Eventhistory

setupMetering


setupCom.

COM communications-option setupaccess to the following sections:

Com.parameter

Authorisation of access to settings viathe COM communications option.

Authorisation of access to the circuit-breaker ONand OFF commands via the COM communicationsoption.

Com.setup

Setting of parameters for the COM communicationsoption (address, baud rate, parity)

Remotesettings

Remotecontrol



Press the button to select the "Protection" menu.

move the cursor down the screen or decrement a value

move the cursor up the screen or increment a value

select an option in a list, confirm a selection or the value of a setting

indicates that the operator is in the "Protection" menu and returnsto the previous screen

return to the main screen

E717

12A

IP


I (A)

access to the following sections:Currentprotection

Fine settings of the long-time I2t, short-time andinstantaneous protection functions

Protection

Idmtl (A) Fine settings of the long-time Idmtl,short-time and instantaneous protection functions

I (A) Fine settings of the:c ground-fault (Micrologic 6.0 H)c earth-leakage (Micrologic 7.0 H) protection functions

Ineutral (A) Selection of the type of neutralsensor and type of neutral protection

I Alarm Setting of the I alarm

Iunbal (%) Setting of the current-unbalance protection I unbal

Setting of the maximum-current protection 1 maxI1 max (A)

I2 max (A) Setting of the maximum-current protection 2 max

I3 max (A) Setting of the maximum-current protection 3 max

Current protection

I

I

I

IN max (A) Setting of the maximum-current protection N maxI


E717

19A

E717

20A

Voltage protection

IP


IP


E717

21A

IP


E717

22A

IP



Setting of the maximum-voltage protection U max.

Setting of the voltage-unbalance protection U unbal.

Other protection

Voltageprotection

Setting of the minimum-voltage protection U min.Umin (V)

Umax (V)

Uunbal (%)

access to the following sections:Otherprotection

Setting of the reverse-power protection rP maxrPmax (W)

Setting of the minimum-frequency protection F minFmin (Hz)

Setting of the maximum-frequency protection F maxFmax (Hz)

Setting of the phase-rotation protectionPhaserotation

Load shedding depending on current

Access to load shedding and reconnectiondepending on current

Loadshedding I

Load shedding depending on power

Access to load shedding and reconnectiondepending on power

Loadshedding P


Overview of functions Current protectionI2t long-time protection

For the default values, the setting ranges,increment steps and setting accuracies,see the technical appendix.

The long-time protection function protects cables against overloads. This function isbased on true rms measurements.It is possible to select either I2t long-time protection or Idmtl long-time protection.

I2t long-time protectionLong-time current setting Ir and standard tripping delay tr

Micrologic control unit Accuracy 5.0 H, 6.0 H and 7.0 Hcurrent setting Ir = In (*) x 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.98 1tripping betweeen 1.05 and 1.20 Ir other ranges or disable by changing rating plug

time setting 0,5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24time delay (s) tr at 1.5 x Ir 0 to - 30% 12.5 25 50 100 200 300 400 500 600

tr at 6 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (1) 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24tr at 7.2 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (2) 0.69 1.38 2.7 5.5 8.3 11 13.8 16.6

(*) In: circuit breaker rating(1) 0 to - 40%(2) 0 to - 60%

c it is possible to enhance the Ir setting accuracy (reduced range) or disable thelong-time protection function by using a different long-time rating plug.See the technical appendix "Changing the long-time rating plug".

Thermal memoryc the thermal memory continuously accounts for the amount of heat in the cables,both before and after tripping, whatever the value of the current (presence of anoverload or not). The thermal memory optimises the long-time protection function ofthe circuit breaker by taking into account the temperature rise in the cables.c the thermal memory assumes a cable cooling time of approximately 15 minutes.


Idmtl long-time protection

Idmtl ProtectionLong-time current setting Ir and Idmtl tripping delay tr

Micrologic control unit Accuracy 5.0 H, 6.0 H and 7.0 Hcurrent setting Ir = In (*) x 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.98 1tripping between 1.05 and 1.20 Ir other ranges or disable by changing rating plug

time setting 0,5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24DT

time delay (s) tr at 1.5 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.53 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24tr at 6 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.53 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24tr at 7.2 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.53 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24tr at 10 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.53 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24

SITtime delay (s) tr at 1.5 x Ir 0 to - 30% 1.9 3.8 7.6 15.2 30.4 45.5 60.7 75.8 91

tr at 6 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24tr at 7.2 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (1) 0.88 1.77 3.54 7.08 10.6 14.16 17.7 21.2tr at 10 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (2) 0.8 1.43 2.86 5.73 8.59 11.46 14.33 17.19

VITtime delay (s) tr at 1.5 x Ir 0 to - 30% 3.6 7.2 14.4 28.8 57.7 86.5 115.4 144.2 173.1

tr at 6 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24tr at 7.2 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (1) 0.81 1.63 3.26 6.52 9.8 13.1 16.34 19.61tr at 10 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (2) 0.75 1.14 2.28 4.57 6.86 9.13 11.42 13.70

EITtime delay (s) tr at 1.5 x Ir 0 to - 30% 12.5 25 50 100 200 300 400 500 600

tr at 6 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (1) 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24tr at 7.2 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (2) 0.69 1.38 2.7 5.5 8.3 11 13.8 16.6tr at 10 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (2) 0.7 (1) 0.7 (1) 1.41 2.82 4.24 5.45 7.06 8.48

HVFtime delay (s) tr at 1.5 x Ir 0 to - 30% 164.5 329 658 1316 2632 3950 5265 6581 7900

tr at 6 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (1) 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24tr at 7.2 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (2) 0.7 (1) 1.1 (1) 1.42 3.85 5.78 7.71 9.64 11.57tr at 10 x Ir 0 to - 20% 0.7 (2) 0.7 (2) 0.7 (1) 0.7 (1) 1.02 1.53 2.04 2.56 3.07

(*) In: circuit breaker rating(1) 0 to - 40%(2) 0 to - 60%

c these curves with different slopes are used to improve:v discrimination with fuses positioned upstream (HV) and/or downstreamv protection for certain types of loadsc five types of curves are available:v DT: definite time curvev SIT: standard inverse time curve (I0.5t)v VIT: very inverse time curve (It)v EIT: extremely inverse time curve (I2t)v HVF: compatible with high-voltage fuses (I4t).c neutral protectionOverload protection (long time) for the neutral is disabled if the Idmtl protectionfunction is selected. However, the short-circuit protection (short time andinstantaneous) remains operational.c intermittent overloadsAs long as the Micrologic H control unit remains supplied with power, the effects ofintermittent overloads on cables are calculated. If power is cut, temperature rise incables is not calculated.c circuit-breaker thermal limitFor certain settings, the Idmtl curves may be limited by the I2t curve when thetripping delay tr is set to 24 seconds or by its thermal memory. The maximum I2tcurve remains active for the phases and the neutral even when the Idmtl curves areactivated.


Overview of functions Current protectionShort-time and instantaneousprotection


Short-time protectionc the short-time protection function protects the distribution system againstimpedant short-circuitsc the short-time tripping delay and the I2t ON and I2t OFF options can be used toensure discrimination with a downstream circuit breakerc this function carries out true rms measurements.

c use of I2t curves with short-time protection:v I2t OFF selected: the protection function implements a constant time curvev I2t ON selected: the protection function implements an I2t inverse-time curve up to10 Ir. Above 10 Ir, the time curve is constant.

c zone selective interlocking (ZSI)The short-time and ground-fault protection functions enable time discrimination bydelaying the upstream devices to provide the downstream devices the timerequired to clear the fault. Zone selective interlocking can be used to obtain totaldiscrimination between circuit breakers using external wiring.

c intermittent faults are taken into account by Micrologic H and may lead to shortertripping times than those set.

Short-time pickup Isd and tripping delay tsd

Micrologic control unit 5.0 H, 6.0 H and 7.0 Hpickup Isd = Ir x ... accuracy 10 % 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10time delay (ms) setting I2t Off 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4at 10 Ir I2t On 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4I2t On or tsd (max resettable time) 20 80 140 230 350I2t Off tsd (max break time) 80 140 200 320 500

For the characteristics and external wiringof the zone selective interlocking function,see the technical appendix on "Zoneselective interlocking".

Instantaneous protection

c the instantaneous-protection function protects the distribution system againstsolid short-circuits. Contrary to the short-time protection function, the tripping delayfor instantaneous protection is not adjustable. The tripping order is sent to thecircuit breaker as soon as current exceeds the set value, with a fixed time delay of20 milliseconds.c this function carries out true rms measurements.

Instantaneous pickup IiMicrologic control unit 5.0 H, 6.0 H and 7.0 H

pickup Ii = In (*) x ... accuracy 10 % 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 15 OFF(*) In: circuit-breaker ratingc circuit breakers have two types of instantaneous protection:v adjustable instantaneous protection Iiv self-protection.Depending on the circuit breaker, the OFF position corresponds tothe self-protection pickup.

If the "without long-time protection" plug is used and the long-time protectionfunction is disabled, the short-time pickup Isd is automatically multiplied by Ininstead of Ir as is the standard case.


Three-pole circuit breakersProtection of the neutral is possible on a three-pole circuit breaker by connectingan external sensor.Settings are made using the and buttons on the control unit.


Neutral protection

Micrologic control unit 5.0 H, 6.0 H and 7.0 HSetting OFF N/2 N 1.6xN

Type of neutral DescriptionNo neutral protection The distribution system does not require protection

of the neutral conductor.Half neutral protection The cross-sectional area of the neutral conductor is half that

of the phase conductors.c the long-time current setting Ir for the neutral is equal tohalf the setting valuec the short-time pickup Isd for the neutral is equal to halfthe setting valuec the instantaneous pickup Ii for the neutral is equal tothe setting valuec for ground-fault protection (Micrologic 6.0 H), pickup Ig forthe neutral is equal to the setting value.

Full neutral protection The cross-sectional area of the neutral conductor is equal tothat of the phase conductors.c the long-time current setting Ir for the neutral is equal tothe setting valuec the short-time pickup Isd for the neutral is equal to thesetting valuec the instantaneous pickup Ii for the neutral is equal to thesetting valuec for ground-fault protection (Micrologic 6.0 H), pickup Ig forthe neutral is equal to the setting value.

Oversized neutral protection In installations with a high level of third-order harmoniccurrents (or multiples thereof), the current in the neutralconductor may exceed that of the phase currents understeady-state conditionsc the long-time current setting Ir for the neutral is 1.6 timesthat of the setting valuec the short-time pickup Isd for the neutral is 1.6 times that ofthe setting value, but may not exceed 10 In to limittransients and self-protect the installationc the instantaneous pickup Ii for the neutral is equal tothe setting valuec for ground-fault protection (Micrologic 6.0 H), pickup Ig forthe neutral is equal to the setting value.

Micrologic control unit 5.0 H, 6.0 H and 7.0 HSetting OFF N/2 N

Type of neutral DescriptionNo neutral protection The distribution system does not require protection of the

neutral conductor.Half neutral protection The cross-sectional area of the neutral conductor is half that

of the phase conductors.c the long-time current setting Ir for the neutral is equal tohalf the setting valuec the short-time pickup Isd for the neutral is equal to halfthe setting valuec the instantaneous pickup Ii for the neutral is equal to thesetting value

Full neutral protection The cross-sectional area of the neutral conductor is equalto that of the phase conductors.c the long-time current setting Ir for the neutral is equal tothe setting valuec the short-time pickup Isd for the neutral is equal to thesetting valuec the instantaneous pickup Ii for the neutral is equal tothe setting value.

Four-pole circuit breakersThe initial protection setting is made using the dial on the neutral pole of the circuitbreaker.

The and buttons on the control unit may then be used for a more precisesetting. The dial setting constitutes the upper limit for adjustments using the keypad.


Current protectionGround-fault and earth-leakageprotection

Ground-fault protection on Micrologic 6.0 Hc an ground fault in the protection conductors can provoke local temperature rise atthe site of the fault or in the conductors. The purpose of the ground-fault protectionfunction is to eliminate this type of fault.c there are two types of ground-fault protection.


Type DescriptionResidual c the function determines the zero-phase sequence

current, i.e. the vector sum of the phase and neutralcurrents (depending on the type of installation).

Source Ground Return c using a special external sensor, this function directlymeasures the fault current returning to the transformervia the earth cablec it detects faults both upstream and downstream ofthe circuit breakerc the maximum distance between the sensor and thecircuit breaker is ten metres.

c ground-fault and neutral protection are independent and can therefore becombined.Ground-fault pickup Ig and tripping delay tgThe pickup and tripping-delay values can be set independently and are identical forboth the residual and "source ground return" ground-fault protection functions.

Micrologic control unit 6.0 Hpickup Ig = In (*) x ... accuracy 10 % A B C D E F G H J

In 400 A 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1400 A < In 1200 A 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1In > 1200 A 500 A 640 A 720 A 800 A 880 A 960 A 1040 A 1120 A 1200 A

time delay (ms) settings I2t Off 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4at In or 1200 A I2t On 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4I2t On or tg (max resettable time) 20 80 140 230 350I2t Off tg (max. break time) 80 140 200 320 500

Earth-leakage protection on sur Micrologic 7.0 H

c the earth-leakage protection function primarily protects people against indirectcontact because an earth-leakage current can provoke an increase in the potentialof the exposed conductive parts. The earth-leakage pickup value In is displayeddirectly in amperes and the tripping delay follows a constant-time curve.c an external rectangular sensor is required for this functionc this function is inoperative if the long-time rating plug is not installedv d Protected against nuisance trippingv k DC-component withstand class A up to 10 A.c if the optional external voltage-measurement input is used, a 24 V DC externalpower supply must be connected to Micrologic H (terminals F1-, F2+).

Pickup value In and tripping delay t

Micrologic control unit 7.0 Hpickup (A) In accuracy 0 to - 20 % 0.5 1 2 3 5 7 10 20 30time delay (ms)settings t (max resettable time) 60 140 230 350 800

t (max. break time) 140 200 320 500 1000

Overview of functions

(*) In: circuit-breaker rating


I t Alarm, current unbalance,maximum current

Operating principleprotection tripped by a maximum value

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40A

For the pickup and dropout thresholds andtime delays, see the technical appendix.

1: pickup threshold2: pickup time delay3: dropout threshold4: dropout time delay

c for protection tripped by a maximum value, it is possible to set:v a pickup threshold (1) that activates an alarm, a contact and/or trippingv a pickup time delay (2) that steps in when the pickup threshold (1) is reachedv a dropout threshold (3) corresponding to deactivation of the alarm and/or contactv a dropout time delay (4) that steps in when the dropout threshold (3) is reachedc the dropout threshold is always less than or equal to the pickup threshold.

I ttttt Alarmc the alarm function is tripped by the rms value of an earth-leakage currentc this alarm signals an earth-leakage current under the pickup value and does notproduce circuit-breaker tripping.

Current-unbalance protection I unbalc this protection is activated by an adjustable level of unbalance between the RMSvalues of the three phase currents.

E717

49A c from:v I avg is the average value of the rms currents of thethree phasesI avg = I1 + I2 + I3

3

I unbal =

v E max is the maximum difference between thecurrent of each phase and I avgc Micrologic H uses the two values above to calculatethe current unbalance:

I

I

1

0 I t Alarm, I unbal,I max

t

3

24

0

I

I1 I2 I3

I avgE max

Maximum-current protection per phase maxc protection values may be set for each of the following currents:v 1 max: maximum current on phase 1v 2 max: maximum current on phase 2v 3 max: maximum current on phase 3v N max: maximum current in the neutralc this function calculates the rms demand value of the current for the given phase( 1, 2, 3) or the neutral ( N), over a sliding time interval.The time interval is the same as that for the calculation of the demand currents inthe "Metering" menu.Settings are made in the "Metering setup" menu.

Note:IN max protection does not take into account the neutral-protection setting (N, N/2, 1.6xN, OFF).

IIII

I I I

E maxI avg


Voltage protectionMinimum voltage, maximum voltage,voltage unbalance


Operating principleprotection trippedby a minimum value


c for protection tripped by a minimum or maximum value, it is possible to set:v a pickup threshold (1) that activates an alarm, a contact and/or trippingv a pickup time delay (2) that steps in when the pickup threshold (1) is reachedv a dropout threshold (3) corresponding to deactivation of the alarm and/or contactv a dropout time delay (4) that steps in when the dropout threshold (3) is reachedc for protection tripped by a minimum value, the dropout threshold is always greaterthan or equal to the pickup thresholdc for protection tripped by a maximum value, the dropout threshold is always lessthan or equal to the pickup thresholdc if both the minimum and maximum protection functions are activated at the sametime, the minimum threshold is automatically limited to the value of the maximumand vice versa.

Minimum-voltage protection U minc this function calculates the minimum rms value of the three phase-to-phasevoltagesc protection is activated when at least one of the three phase-to-phase voltages(U12, U23, U31) is below the threshold set by the userc this protection function does not detect phase failure.

Maximum-voltage protection U maxc this function calculates the maximum rms value of the three phase-to-phasevoltagesc protection is activated when the three phase-to-phase voltages (U12, U23, U31)are simultaneously above the threshold set by the user.

Voltage-unbalance protection U unbalThis protection is activated by an adjustable level of unbalance between the rmsvalues of the three phase-to-phase voltages.This function calculates the rms value of the unbalance between the three phase-to-phase voltages.

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42A c from:

v U avg is the average value of the rms voltages of thethree phases

v E max: is the maximum difference between thevoltage of each phase and U avgc Micrologic H uses the two values above to calculatethe voltage unbalance:

U unbal =

U avg = U12 + U23 + U313


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1

0 U min

t

32

4

protection trippedby a maximum value

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1

0 U maxU unbal.

t

3

24

0

U

U12 U23 U31

U avgE max

E maxU avg

If the voltage protection functions areactivated and the voltage measurementinputs are still energised, it is impossible toreset and close the circuit breaker.


1

0 F min

t

32

4

Other protectionReverse power, min. frequency,max. frequency, phase rotation


Operating principleprotection trippedby a minimum value

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c for protection tripped by a minimum or maximum value, it is possible to set:v a pickup threshold (1) that activates an alarm, a contact and/or trippingv a pickup time delay (2) that steps in when the pickup threshold (1) is reachedv a dropout threshold (3) corresponding to deactivation of the alarm and/or contactv a dropout time delay (4) that steps in when the dropout threshold (3) is reachedc for protection tripped by a minimum value, the dropout threshold is always greaterthan or equal to the pickup thresholdc for protection tripped by a maximum value, the dropout threshold is always lessthan or equal to the pickup thresholdc if both the minimum and maximum protection functions are activated at the sametime, the minimum threshold is automatically limited to the value of the maximumand vice versa.

Reverse-power protection rP maxc this function calculates the value of the total active power on the three phasesc the function is activated when the total active power of the three phases flows inthe direction opposite that set by the user is greater than the pickup threshold (1)for a time greater than the time delay (2).Note:The direction of flow is set by the user in the "Power sign" section of the "Micrologic setup"menu under "History, maintenance and settings".c + corresponds to the normal direction of flow, i.e. from the top terminals on the circuit breakerto the bottom terminalsc - is the opposite.

Minimum and maximum-frequency protection F min.and F maxThese functions monitor the value of the frequency on the distribution system.

Phase-rotation alarmThis alarm is activated if two of the three phases are inverted.

Note:The alarm is activated following a fixed 300-millisecond time delay. If one of the phases isabsent, the alarm will not operate. If the 400 Hz frequency is set, the alarm cannot beactivated.

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86A

1

0 F maxrP max

t

3

24

protection trippedby a maximum value

If the voltage protection functions areactivated and the voltage measurementinputs are still energised, it is impossible toreset and close the circuit breaker.


Overview of functions Load sheddingand reconnection


Load shedding and reconnection depending on currentThe pickup curve for load shedding and reconnection depending on current isparallel to the LT I2t and Idmtl curves. If a "without long-time protection" rating plugis installed, the load shedding/reconnection function based on current cannot beactivated.c I2t protection: the neutral is taken into accountc Idmtl: the neutral is not taken into account.This function does not trip the circuit breaker, but can be used to set off an alarmlinked to an M2C or M6C contact (disconnection and reconnection of non-priorityloads).The load-shedding and reconnection function is determined by thresholds and timedelays.


The pickup threshold is always greater than or equal to the dropout threshold.

Load shedding and reconnection depending on powerLoad shedding and reconnection depending on power calculates the total activepower on the three phases. This function does not trip the circuit breaker, but canbe used to set off an alarm linked to an M2C or M6C contact (disconnection andreconnection of non-priority loads).The load-shedding and reconnection function is determined by thresholds and timedelays.

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The pickup threshold is always greater than or equal to the dropout threshold.

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3

0 I

t

14

2

Long-timeprotectioncurve

3

0 P

t

14

2


MeasurementsCurrent and voltage

For the setting ranges and measurementaccuracies, see the technical appendix.

To display the phase-to-neutral voltages,select the "3 4w 4CT" option in "Systemtype" in the "Metering setup" menu under"History, maintenance and setup".

Instantaneous currentMicrologic H control units offer two, non-exclusive measurement possibilities.c on the bargraph display on the main screenThe instantaneous current of the most heavily loaded phase is automaticallydisplayed in amperes for phases 1, 2, 3 and the neutral (depending on the neutralprotection settings). The bargraph indicates the percent load of thethree phases.c in the I inst. section of the instantaneous currentsv display in amperes of the instantaneous currents I (rms) on phases I1, I2 and I3and the neutral current IN, the ground-fault current Ig (Micrologic 6.0 H), theearth-leakage current In (Micrologic 7.0 H)v the maximum instantaneous currents are displayed and stored in memoryv the stored maximums can be reset at any time.

Demand currentc display of the demand current on phases 1, 2, 3 and the neutral N(depending on the type of distribution system)c selection of the demand calculation methodc display of the interval over which the value is calculatedc the maximum demand values are displayed and stored in memoryc the stored maximums can be reset at any time.

Note:The calculation method, the type of calculation window (fixed or sliding) and its durationmay be set in the "Metering setup" menu under "History, maintenance and setup".

Phase-to-neutral and phase-to-phase voltagesMicrologic H offers different voltage measurements:c phase-to-phase voltages (rms) between phases U12, U23 and U31,displayed in voltsc phase-to-neutral voltages (rms) between the phases and the neutral V1N, V2Nand V3N, displayed in volts.

Average voltageAverage Uavg of the instantaneous voltages between phases U12, U23 and U31.

Phase rotationDisplays the phase sequence.

Voltage unbalanceDisplay of the unbalance Uunbal between the three phase-to-phase voltages,displayed as a percentage.

c from:v U avg is the average value of the rms voltages of thethree phases

v E max is the maximum difference between thevoltage of each phase and U avgc Micrologic H uses the two values above to calculatethe voltage unbalanceU unbal =

U avg = U12 + U23 + U313

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0

U

U12 U23 U31

U avgE max

E maxU avg

I I II


MeasurementsPower, energy and frequency

For the setting ranges and measurementaccuracies, see the technical appendix.

Instantaneous power and power factorMicrologic H offers a number of different measurements.c total power measurements:v instantaneous active power P in kWv instantaneous reactive power Q in kvarv instantaneous apparent power S in kVAc measurement of the power factor PF.

Demand powerc display of the demand values for the active power P, reactive power Q andapparent power Sc selection of the demand calculation methodc display of the interval over which the value is calculatedc the maximum demand values are displayed and stored in memoryc the stored maximums can be reset at at any time.

Note:c the calculation method, the type of calculation window (fixed or sliding) and its duration maybe set in the "Metering setup" menu under "History, maintenance and setup".c the synchronisation function (Synchro.Com) is available only with the COM communicationoption; with this function, the demand power is determined on the basis of a signalsynchronised by the communication module.c these settings apply to all demand powers (active power P, reactive power Q and apparentpower S). If the settings are modified, the demand values are systematically recalculated.

EnergyMicrologic H offers a number of different measurements:c total energy:v total active energy E.P in kWhv total reactive energy E.Q in kvarhv total apparent energy E.S in kVAhc energy consumed (Energy in), positively incremented:v active energy E.P in kWhv reactive energy E.Q in kvarhc energy supplied (Energy out), negatively incremented:v active energy E.P in kWhv reactive energy E.Q in kvarhc energy values can be reset.

Note:c the Energy in and Energy out values are incremented according to the power sign setin the "Metering setup" menu under "History, maintenance and setup".c as standard, the total calculated energy values are "absolute total values".They represent the sum of the energy in and out values:v EP = EP in + EP outv EQ = EQ in + EQ outc as an option (access exclusively via the COM communications option), energy can becalculated algebraically:v EP = EP in - EP outv EQ = EQ in - EQ outThese values are called "signed" energies.

FrequencyThe frequency of the distribution system is displayed in Hz.



Harmonic measurementsOrigin and effects

Harmonics represent the most common power problem encountered in todayselectrical installations.When harmonics are present, the current or voltage waveform is distorted, i.e. it isno longer perfectly sinusoidal.

A distorted current or voltage waveform disturbs the distribution of electrical powerand power quality is not optimum.

Definition of harmonicsA periodic signal is a combination of:v the original sinusoidal signal at the fundamental frequencyv other sinusoidal signals (the harmonics) with frequencies that are whole-numbermultiples of the fundamental frequencyv a DC component, where applicable.Any periodic signal can therefore be represented as the sum of a number of terms:

E892

43B

where:c Yo is the value of the DC component (generally equal to zero and considered assuch hereinafter)c Yn is the rms value of the nth harmonicc is the angular frequency of the fundamentalc n is the phase displacement of the harmonic component at t = 0.

A harmonic of order n, referred to as the nth harmonic, is the sinusoidalcomponent of a signal with a frequency that is n times higher than the fundamentalfrequency.

For example, the current and voltage waveforms distributed on the Europeanelectrical power grid have the following characteristics:c the fundamental frequency is 50 hertz (Hz)c the 2nd harmonic has a frequency of 100 Hzc the 3rd harmonic has a frequency of 150 Hzc the 4th harmonic has a frequency of 200 Hzc

A distorted waveform is the result of superimposing the various harmonics on thefundamental.The figure opposite shows a current distorted by harmonics.

n = 1y(t) = Yo + Yn r sin(nt - n)

I1

I3

I5

I7

I9

Harmonic7 (350 Hz)

Total

Harmonic9 (450 Hz)

I rms

I peak

Harmonic5 (250 Hz)

Harmonic3 (150 Hz)

Fundamental50 Hz


Overview of functions Harmonic measurementsOrigin and effects

E892

47B Origin of harmonics

Harmonics are caused by non-linear loads.

A load is said to be non-linear when the current that it draws does not have thesame waveform as the voltage. Typical examples of non-linear loads are thoseusing power electronics. Such loads are increasingly numerous and their share inoverall electrical consumption is growing.

Examples are:c industrial equipment including welding machines, arc furnaces, inductionfurnaces, rectifiers, etc.c variable speed drives for asynchronous or DC motorsc office equipment including computers, photocopy machines, fax machines, etc.c household equipment including televisions, microwave ovens, neon lighting,UPSs, etc.

Non-linear phenomena may also be caused by the saturation of transformers andother equipment.

Effects of harmonicsThe flow of harmonics in distribution systems can cause serious problems:c increased currents flowing in the system and overloadsc additional losses and premature ageing of equipmentc disturbances to loads due to voltage harmonicsc disturbances in communication networks.

The above effects can also have major financial impact due to:c the cost of equipment (premature replacement, oversizing)c increased power losses and the need to subscribe to higher power levelsc losses in productivity (unnecessary tripping of protection devices).

G

A

Ina

Inb

Ind

Ine

Standby generatorset Rectifiers,Arc furnaces,

Welding machines

Variable-speeddrives

Fluorescent ordischarge lamps

Devices using rectifiedcurrent (televisions,computers, etc.)

Linear loads

Power-factorcorrection

Harmonic disturbancestransmitted to distributionsystem and other users

In and

distortedvoltage

(do not causeharmonics)

HV/LV


What is an acceptable level of harmonics?The presence of harmonics in a distribution system should be assessed:c as a preventive measure, to gain information on the system and detect any driftc as a corrective measure, to diagnose a disturbance or check the effectiveness ofa solution.

Harmonic disturbances are subject to a number of standards and regulations:c compatibility standards designed for public utilities:v low voltage: IEC 61000-2-2v medium voltage: IEC 61000-2-4c electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards:v for loads drawing less than 16 A: IEC 61000-3-2v for loads drawing more than 16 A: IEC 61000-3-4c utility recommendations for installations.

A number of international studies have produced data used to estimate the typicalharmonic values encountered in utility distribution systems. Below is a tablepresenting the levels of harmonics that, in the opinion of many utility companies,should not be exceeded.

Voltage individual harmonics of even and odd orders for:c low-voltage (LV) systemsc medium-voltage (MV) systemsc extra high voltage (EHV) systems.

Odd harmonics (not multiples of 3) Odd harmonics (multiples of 3) Even harmonicsOrder n LV MV EHV Order n LV MV EHV Order n LV MV EHV5 6 6 2 3 5 2.5 1.5 2 2 1.5 1.57 5 5 2 9 1.5 1.5 1 4 1 1 111 3.5 3.5 1.5 15 0.3 0.3 0,3 6 0.5 0.5 0.513 3 3 1.5 21 0.2 0.2 0.2 8 0.5 0.2 0.217 2 2 1 >21 0.2 0.2 0.2 10 0.5 0.2 0.219 1,5 1.5 1 12 0.2 0.2 0.223 1.5 1 0.7 >12 0.2 0.2 0.225 1.5 1 0.7

Note:The individual harmonic content of a harmonic of order n is defined as the percentage ofits rms value with respect to the rms value of the fundamental. This value is displayed onthe graphic screen of the Micrologic H.

Which harmonics are we concerned with?c individual harmonics of odd orders at low frequencyc mainly order 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13.


Micrologic H control units can quantify and evaluate the harmonic distortion ofcurrent and voltage waves using the quality indicators listed below:c measurement of the fundamental signalc phase displacement of the fundamental signalsc harmonic distortion THD and thdc cos c power factorc K factorc distortion powerc distortion factorc crest factorc amplitude spectrum of even and odd harmonics up to order 31c displacement spectrum with respect to V1N of even and odd harmonics up toorder 31.

These indicators are the indispensable tools used to determine any requiredcorrective action.

Access to quality indicatorsThe quality indicators may be accessed on the Micrologic H screen and/or via thecommunication module.

Harmonic measurementsQuality indicators


Quality On the Micrologic H Via theindicator screen communication

modulemeasurement ofthe fundamental c cphase displacement ofthe fundamental - charmonic distortionTHD and thd c ccos - cpower factor c cK factor - cdistortion power - cdistortion factor - ccrest factor - camplitude spectrum ofodd harmonics up to order 31 c camplitude spectrum ofeven harmonics up to order 31 - cdisplacement spectrumwith respect to V1N ofeven and odd harmonicsup to order 31 - c


FundamentalMicrologic H control units can determine the value of the fundamental signals for:c currents: I1, I2, I3 and IN (in amperes)c voltages:v phase-to-neutral V1N, V2N, V3N (in volts)v phase-to-phase U12, U23, U31 (in volts)c power:v active P (kW)v reactive Q (kVAR)v apparent S (kVA).

Current and voltage rms values

Note:v Ifund is the fundamental current.v Irms is the rms current.

Distortion is expressed as a percentage and may exceed 100%.

Defined by standard IEC 61000-2-2, total harmonic distortion THD(I) is a singlevalue that expresses the distortion of the current flowing at a given point in adistribution system.

c Micrologic H control units measure the THD for currents I1, I2, I3 and IN(in amperes), taking into account harmonic orders up to 31.

c The total harmonic distortion of current characterises the distortion of the currentwaveform.

c Loads causing distortion are identified by measuring the THD(I) on the incomingand outgoing circuits.

c THD(I) values measured and the corresponding phenomena in an installation.v THD(I) under 10% is considered normal. There is no particular risk ofmalfunctions.v THD(I) between 10 and 50% signals a significant level of harmonic disturbance.There is a risk of temperature rise, which means that cables and sources must beoversized.v THD(I) greater than 50% signals major harmonic distortion. Malfunctions areprobable. An in-depth analysis and the installation of compensation equipment isrequired.

Total harmonic distortion of current THD(I)The total harmonic distortion of current is the ratio of the square root of the sum ofthe squares of the harmonic currents from the 2nd to an infinite order to thefundamental current.

n = 1Urms = 2

nU

THD(I) = )( 1Ifund -Irms2

c the rms voltage is the square root of the sum of the squares of the rms currentvalues for each harmonic from the fundamental to an infinite order.

c the rms current is the square root of the sum of the squares of the rms voltagevalues for each harmonic from the fundamental to an infinite order.

THD(I) =

n = 2 2

nI

Ifund

n = 1Irms = 2

nI



Total harmonic distortion of voltage THD(U)The total harmonic distortion of voltage is the ratio of the square root of the sum ofthe squares of the harmonic voltages from the 2nd to an infinite order to thefundamental voltage.

Harmonic measurementsQuality indicators

Note:Ufund is the fundamental voltage.

Distortion is expressed as a percentage and may exceed 100%.

Defined by standard IEC 61000-2-2, total harmonic distortion THD(U) is a singlevalue that expresses the distortion of the voltage at a given point in a distributionsystem.

c Micrologic H control units measure the THD for:v phase-to-neutral voltages V1N, V2N, V3N (in volts)v phase-to-phase voltages U12, U23, U31 (in volts)taking into account harmonic orders up to 31.

c Total harmonic distortion of voltage characterises the distortion of the voltagewaveform.

c THD(U) values measured and the corresponding phenomena in an installation:v THD(U) under 5% is considered normal.There is no particular risk of malfunctions.v THD(U) between 5 and 8% signals a significant level of harmonic disturbance.Malfunctions may occur.v THD(U) greater than 8% signals major harmonic distortion. Malfunctions areprobable. An in-depth analysis and the installation of compensation equipment isrequired.

THD(U) =

n = 2 2

nU

Ufund


Note:Irms is the rms current.

c Micrologic H control units measure the thd(I) for currents I1, I2, I3 and IN, takinginto account harmonic orders up to 31.Defined by standard IEC 61000-2-2, total harmonic distortion thd(I) is a singlevalue that expresses the distortion of the current flowing at a given point in adistribution system.

Total harmonic distortion of voltage thd(U)The total harmonic distortion of voltage is the ratio of the square root of the sum ofthe squares of the harmonic voltages from the 2nd to an infinite order to the rmsvoltage.

Total harmonic distortion of current thd(I)The total harmonic distortion of current is the ratio of the square root of the sum ofthe squares of the harmonic currents from the 2nd to an infinite order to the rmscurrent.

Note:Urms is the rms voltage.

c Micrologic H control units measure the thd(U) for:v phase-to-neutral voltages V1N, V2N, V3N (in volts)v phase-to-phase voltages U12, U23, U31 (in volts) taking into account harmonicorders up to H31.

thd(I) =

n = 2thd(U) = 2

nU

Urms

n = 2 2

nI

Irms


Overview of functions Harmonic measurementsQuality indicators

Cos Cos is the ratio between the active power Pfund and the apparent power Sfund ofthe fundamental (1).

cos = PfundSfund

Note:v Pfund is the active power of the fundamental.v Sfund is the apparent power of the fundamental.

Cos pertains exclusively to the fundamental frequency. Consequently, if there areharmonics, the value of the cos is not the same as that of the power factor.

Power factor PFThe power factor is the ratio between the active power P and the apparent power S.

PF = PS

Note:v P is the active power.v S is the apparent power.v the power factor must not be confused with the cos . The power factor is equal to thecos only when the signal is perfectly sinusoidal (no harmonics).

c if the measured power factor is not equal to the cos (the power factor is lower),that may be an initial indication of harmonic disturbances in an installation.c the power factor PF is the means to evaluate the oversizing required for thepower sources in an installation.c there is a relation between the power factor and the total harmonic distortion ofcurrent THD(I). When the voltage signal is (virtually) sinusoidal, the power factormay be roughly calculated using the equation below:

When plotted, the above equation produces the graph below showing the PF tocos ratio, depending on the THD(I)

1,2

1

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0 50 100 150 THD(I) (%)

PF/cos

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cos PF z1 + THD(I))( 2


K factorThe K factor is a quality indicator that indicates high-order harmonics.

Note:I is the amplitude of the current.

The K factor is used to:c calculate temperature rise in the busbarsc size the transformers for non-linear loads.

Distortion powerWhen there are harmonics, the relation S2 = P2 + Q2 is no longer valid.The distortion power D is defined by the equation below:

S2 - P2 - Q2D =

Distortion factorThe distortion factor is the relation between the power factor and the cos .

Crest factorThe crest factor is the relation between the peak value of the current or voltage andthe corresponding rms value.

Note:v Irms is the rms current.v Urms is the rms voltage.c possible values:v for a sinusoidal signal, the crest factor is equal to rv for a non-sinusoidal signal, the crest factor may be less than or greater than r.c the crest factor is used to characterise the capacity of a source (UPS orgenerator) to supply high instantaneous currents. In particular, it draws attention tothe presence of exceptional peak values with respect to the rms value.Computer equipment, for example, draws highly distorted current with a crest factorthat can reach 3 or even 5.c typical crest factors for the currents drawn by non-linear loads are much higherthan r. They are often equal to 1.5 or 2 and can reach 5 in critical cases.c a very high crest factor means that there can be high temporary overcurrents,which, when detected by the protective devices, may result in nuisance tripping.

K factor =

n = 2 2

nn

2

Irms

Crest factor = or crest factor =

I

UpeakUrms

IpeakIrms


Overview of functions Harmonic measurementsQuality indicators

FFT amplitude spectrum of odd harmonicorders from 3 up to 31Each type of distorting device has its own harmonic-current "fingerprint", withdifferent amplitudes and displacements.These values, in particular the amplitude for each harmonic order, are essential forthe analysis of power quality.c FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) frequency spectrumThe Micrologic H control unit can display the FFT amplitude spectrum of oddharmonics from the 3rd up to 31st.The Micrologic H control unit presents the amplitude of each harmonic order withrespect to its frequency in the form of a histogram, called a spectral analysis.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 h

20

33

100

H%s(t)1

t

Above is an example of the spectral analysis of a square-wave signal.c harmonic content of the nth harmonic for the phases I1, I2, I3The individual harmonic content of a harmonic of order n is defined as thepercentage of its rms value with respect to the rms value of the fundamental:

c harmonic content of the nth harmonic for neutral current.The individual harmonic content of a harmonic of order n is defined as thepercentage of its rms value with respect to the rms value of the Neutral:

Note:v IN rms is the Neutral rms current.v UN rms is the Neutral rms voltage.

c the Micrologic H control unit indicates the FFT amplitude spectrum and theindividual distortion level for harmonic orders from 3 to 31 for:v each current I1, I2, I3 and INv each phase-to-phase voltage U12, U23 and U31.c the Micrologic H control unit also indicates for each current or voltage thecorresponding level of total harmonic distortion THD (thd for Neutral current).

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in (%) = 100 or un (%) = 100InIfundUn

Ufund

The communication module can be used todetermine for each harmonic order up to 31:c the amplitude spectrumc the displacement spectrum with respect tothe phase-to-neutral voltage V1N.

in (%) = 100 or un (%) = 100InIN rmsUn

UN rms

Note:v Ifund is the fundamental current.v Ufund is the fundamental voltage


Waveform and waveform capture

Micrologic H control units can capture and store current and voltage waveformsusing digital sampling techniques similar to those used in oscilloscopes.

Waveform capture is the means to detect weak points in the system and theequipment. Using the information available in the captured waveform, it is possibleto determine the level of harmonics as well as the direction and amplitude of theflow of harmonic power.

c users of Micrologic H control units can record manually via the keypad thefollowing waveforms:v the four currents I1, I2, I3 and INv the three phase-to-neutral voltages V1N, V2N and V3N.

c waveforms may be displayed on the graphic screen of Micrologic H control units.The recording takes place over one cycle with a measurement range of 0 to 1.5 Infor current and 0 to 690 volts for voltage. The resolution is 64 points per cycle.

The communication module may be used to:c set up "Measurement" or "Protection"alarmsc capture and analyse waveforms; capturemay be tripped by the alarmsc captured waveforms are recorded over 4cycles (resolution of 64 points per cycle).


For information on the communicationsoption and the portable test kit, see therespective user guides.

AlarmsOverview of functions

c an alarm may be viewed using:v the "Alarm history" menuv the COM communications optionv the portable test kit.c the commands in the "Protection" menu are used to attribute a specific operatingmode to each of the protection functions:v OFF: protection disabledv Alarm: the function issues an alarm, but does not trip the circuit breakerv Trip + Alarm: the function issues an alarm and trips the circuit breaker.c the protection functions against overloads (long time), short circuits (short timeand instantaneous) and ground faults (ground-fault and earth-leakage currents)automatically result in tripping and cannot be deactivated (Trip mode only).c the "I t Alarm" and phase rotation alarms can be set exclusively to OFF or Alarmmode.c the other protection functions for current, voltage, power and frequency may beset to any of the three modes, OFF, Alarm or Trip + Alarm.c the load shedding and reconnection function may be set to ON or OFF.c the resettable alarms linked to device tripping are activated when the Ir, Isd/Iior I t thresholds are overrun.The Ir alarm is reset one second after tripping. The Isd/Ii and t alarms are reset bypressing the button.

Current protection Off Alarm Trip + AlarmIr cIsd / li cI t c

c delayed alarms are activated when the pickup and dropout thresholds areoverrun and the corresponding time delays have expired.

c history loggingv Alarm mode: as soon as a given protection threshold is overrun, an alarm isrecorded in the "Alarm history"v Trip mode: as soon as a given protection threshold is overrun, the circuit breakertrips and the fault is recorded in the "Trip history".c the "Protection setup" menu under "History, maintenance and setup" is used toenable or disable the Trip mode that is displayed in the protection-setting screens.On leaving the factory, the protection functions are set to Alarm mode.c the "M2C / M6C contacts" menu under "History, maintenance and setup" is usedto link an M2C or M6C contact to an alarm. M2C and M6C contacts may not beused together. They require a 24 V external power supply.c the COM communications module can be used to transmit alarms to asupervisor.

Current protection Off Alarm Trip + AlarmI t Alarm c cI unbal c c c 1 max c c c 2 max c c c 3 max c c c N max c c cVoltage protection Off Alarm Trip + Alarm

U min c c cU max c c cU unbal c c cOther protection Off Alarm Trip + Alarm

rP max c c cF min c c cF max c c cPhase rotation c cShedding/reconnection Off On

current I c cpower P c c

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Different pickup and dropout thresholds

Identical pickup and dropout thresholds

IIII

Dropout

Other alarms

T1

T2

Pickup

Ir, Isd, Ii, I alarms

Pickup /Dropout

Other alarms

T1 T2

Ir, Isd, Ii, I alarms


An alarm is issued if the Alarm or theTrip + Alarm mode was set for the givenprotection function.

Caution!The M2C and M6C contacts require anauxiliary power supply. See the "Powersupply" section in the technical appendix.

Optional M2C and M6C contactsE6

0492

AE6

0491

C

c current protection:v Irv Isdv Iiv I tv I t Alarmv I unbalv 1 maxv 2 maxv 3 maxv N max.

c voltage protection:v U minv U maxv U unbal.

c other protection:v F minv F maxv rP maxv phase rotation.

c available types of contacts:v M2C: up to two contacts maximum, S1 and S2v M6C: up to six contacts maximum, S1 to S6.

c load shedding and reconnection:v current Iv power P.c latching settings:v non-latching contact: the contact remains activated as long as the fault thatcaused the alarm has not been clearedv latching contact: the contact remains activated until it is reset ("Reset menu")v time-delay contact: the contact remains activated for the duration of an adjustabletime delay or until it is reset ("Reset menu").v locked to 1: the contact is forced to 1 for an automation testv locked to 0: the contact is forced to 0 for an automation test.

c contact operating diagram for long-time protection

471

S1

474

484

S2

474

Wiring diagram for M2C contacts.

Wiring diagram for M6C contacts

IIII

E719

14A

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c contact operating diagram for short-time, instantaneous and ground-faultprotection

delay 1 to 360 s

Isd, Ii or Ig pickup

Press

Internal alarm

Non-latching contact

only after pressingReset possibleend of delayReset possible before

contactLatchingcontactTime-delay

Isd, Ii or Ig LED

tsd or tg delay

c contact operating diagram for the other protection functions

Pickup

Dropout

Internal alarm


only after T2Reset possibleend of delayReset possible before

contactLatchingcontactTime-delay

delay 1 to 360 s

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Press

Internal alarm

t

T1


only after T2 = 1 sReset possibleLatching

contact

Time-delaycontact

T2 = 1 sec

delay 1 to 360 s

Ir LED

Ir threshold tr delay

end of delayReset possible beforeS1

31 5

42 6

S3

S2

97 11

108 12

S4

24V 0V

1917 21 23 25

S5

14 16 18

S6

20 22 24

ComQ1 Q2 Q3



Trip historyc the trip history is the means to display at any time the parameters measuredduring the last ten trips.c for each trip, the following parameters are recorded:v tripping causev trip thresholdv interrupted currents in amperes (only if an external power supply is present) for Ir,Isd/Ii, Ig or In tripsv datev time (hours, minutes and seconds).

Alarm historyc the alarm history is the means to display at any time the parameters measuredduring the last ten alarms.c for each alarm, the following parameters are recorded:v alarm causev alarm thresholdv datev time (hours, minutes and seconds).

Operation counterThis function is available only via the COM communications option.c Micrologic H:v stores and displays the total number of operations (incremented each time thecircuit breaker opens) since the initial installation of the circuit breakerv stores and displays the total number of operations since the last reset.

Contact wear indicationThis function can be used to:c determine the condition of the most worn contact in the circuit breaker. A counteris displayed on the screen. The contacts must be inspected each time the counterreaches a hundred mark. The message "Not available or circuit breaker type notdefined" is displayed if the type of circuit breaker has not been defined. In this case,see "Breaker selection" in the "Micrologic setup" menu under "History, maintenanceand setup".c reset the indicator after changing the main contacts. Reset is also carried out via"Breaker selection" in the "Micrologic setup" menu.

Note:If the control unit is changed, the circuit breaker must be defined again. In this case, see"Breaker selection" in the "Micrologic setup" menu under "History, maintenance andsetup".

Event histories

The interrupted currents are indicated interms of their peak values.


LED indicator

LEDs and display screens

Signals overrun of thelong-time current setting(1.125 x Ir).

Signals the load level oneach phase as apercentage of Ir.

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Overload bargraph onthe main screen

off

Alarm E89

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Micrologic 5.0 H

4260AN 1 2 3

100

50

0

Fault-trip indicationsc control-unit statusThe circuit breaker has tripped.The control unit may or may not have an external power supply.The voltage measurement inputs may be connected upstream or downstream.

The procedure required to reclose thecircuit-breaker following a fault trip ispresented in the circuit-breaker user guide.

Concerning the presence or absence of anexternal power supply, see the "Powersupply" section in the technical appendix.

Caution!The battery maintains the trip indications.If no indications are displayed, check thebattery.

v control unit without anexternal power supplyand with voltagemeasurement inputconnected downstream

v control unit with anexternal power supplyand with voltagemeasurement inputconnected upstream

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Micrologic 5.0 H

E892

07B

Micrologic 5.0 H

02:04:0422/11/1999

Umin 100V

Resetby test/resetbutton

Trip

A LED signals the type offault (Ir, Isd, Ii, Ig, In orAp).

The type of fault issignalled by a LED andon the graphic display.



The self-protection function (excessivetemperature, fault detected in ASIC powersupply or instantaneous self-protection builtinto the device) trips the circuit breaker andturns the Ap LED on.

A number of simultaneous causes mayresult in tripping. For example, a short-circuit and a distribution-system

User Manual 5-7H 04443728aa.pdf

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