USAID Disaster History

DISASTER HISTORY introduction

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DISASTER HISTORYSIGNIFICANT DATA ON MAJOR DISASTERS WORLDWIDE

1900-1988

Prepared for the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Development; Washington D.C. 20523

by Evaluation Technologies, Inc.; Arlington, Virginia 22201Under Contract OTR-0000-C-00-3345-00

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Except drought, examples include flood, storm, heat wave, etc.

Common in areas with much plate tectonic activity.

An extended period of time with a deficiency in the water supply.

-

Must be substantial

-

Examples include fire, plane crash, train wrecks, etc.

Examples include domestic riots, unrest, war or disease.

Not included unless the U.S.

government provided relief

assistance.

100

-

$1 million

25

1,000

$1 million

50

1,000

$1 million

Created by the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), Disaster History provides information on major disasters which have occurred around the world since 1900. Information is more complete on events since 1964 —the year in which the OFDA was created— and includes details on all disasters to which the Office responded with assistance. No records are kept on disasters which occurred within the United States and its territories.

The various field headings and acronyms used in this report are explained below.

DISNO Strike date

Declaration date

disaster number

Exclusions have been made in the case of small island countries. Disasters affecting such countries may not be included if the extent of damage is not known because of the relatively greater impact of disasters on small island economies.

The first two digits of the disno indicate the fiscal year in which the event ocurred; the last three digits are sequence numbers within the fiscal year. Numbers 001 through 100 are assigned to declared disasters and numbers 101 through 999 to undeclared disasters.

The date on which the event began.

The date on which the U.S. Ambassador determined that a disaster had occurred.

All OFDA ‘declared’ disasters are included — i.e., all those in which the Chief of the U.S. Diplomatic Mission in an affected country determined that a disaster existed which warrented U.S. government response. OFDA is charged with reponsibility for coordinating all U.S. Government foreign disaster relief.

Weather

CRITERIA

HEADINGS & ACRONYMS

ABOUT

information

Earthquake & Volcano Drought Accidents Civil Strife

Consult the federal emergency agency for information concerning U.S. disasters

MINIMuM INCLuSION FACTORS

Homeless/Affected

Killed/Injured

Damage

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DISASTER HISTORY

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africa

africa af

EThIOpIAN FAMINE OF 1973-74

AfricaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape Verde IslesCentral Africa RepublicChadComorosCongoDjiboutiEast AfricaEgyptEthiopiaGambiaGhanaIvory CoastKenyaLesothoLiberiaLibyaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNigerNigeriaReunionRwandaSahelSao Tome & PrincipeSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSomaliaSouth AfricaSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoTunisiaUgandaWestern SaharaZaireZambiaZimbabwe

01020304050607080910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849

disaster trends

FACTS AT A GLANCE

1900

EThIOpIA, 1973-74FAMINE

EThIOpIA

1988

most common disaster

worst recorded disaster

most affected country

1

2

3

3

4

12 DISASTERS

1 MILLION DEAThS

5 MILLION AFFECTED

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DISASTER HISTORY

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africa

africa

disno STRIkE DATE DECLARE DATE

TOTAL

disaster type

afkILLED

50

60

0

35,000

0

0

45,347

37

10,200

0

0

0

0

12/21/23

02/00/77

02/00/77

00/00/43

00/00/78

00/00/78

01/03/66

10/00/69

00/00/74

00/00/74

00/00/75

00/00/75

24104

77101

77101

43105

79008

79008

66107

70103

74101

74101

75134

75134

11/01/78

11/01/78

0

430,000

0

0

0

0

10.7 mill

150,000

80,500

0

10 mill

0

0

0

430,000

0

0

0

0

580,000

150,000

0

0

0

0

0

0

34,000

0

0

0

0

505,000

0

0

0

0

471,000

0

Dirigible vanished; Mediterranean off of N. Africa

Cyclone Emilie; SE Coast of Africa

East Africa; 5 Countries

Central Africa

Displaced Persons

Much of Continent

12 reports

Flash floods; Mozambique, Zimbabwe, S. Africa

Yellow Fever; West Africa, 11 Countries

Sahel-General; Central West Africa

6 Countries

Continuation of Sahel Drought

Sahel Drought; 6 Countries

AFFECTED hOMELESS DAMAGE comments

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DISASTER HISTORY africax x x x x x x x x

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disno STRIkE DATE DECLARE DATEdisaster type kILLED

0

0

0

00/00/68

00/00/71

00/00/71

69016

71028

77134

11/01/68

01/01/71

180,000

150,000

0

0

0

0

500

200

0

Northwestern region

Countrywide


gambiaga

x

TOTAL

500

0

700

0

0

200

0

0

07/30/81

00/00/86

11/22/77

00/00/78

10/00/78

00/00/87

00/00/80

81019

87002

78026

78128

79010

87015

80030

08/05/81

10/14/86

08/10/78

10/12/13

02/13/87

00/09/02

300,000

0

1.2 mill

85,000

0

0

0

500,000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

27,000

0

31,700

4,000

0

0

0

0

Political Strife; Banjul/Kombo St.

Disease; Countrywide

10 reports

Power Shortage; Banjul

Yellow Fever; Widespread

Grasshopper Infestation

Countrywide

DISASTER HISTORY

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africa

ghana

disno STRIkE DATE DECLARE DATE

TOTAL

disaster type

ghkILLED

0

103

0

4

107

0

0

0

0

07/00/68

02/00/84

00/00/71

02/25/85

00/00/77

05/00/77

01/00/83

00/00/82

69012

84139

71029

85146

77135

77136

83015

84004

10/01/68

01/01/71

02/11/83

10/19/83

25,000

1,500

12,000

1,500

13.2 mill

6,558

0

700,000

12.5 mill

25,000

0

0

1,500

26,500

0

0

0

0

74,700

0

100

0

74,800

0

0

0

0

Coastal flood

Meningitis; Upper Eastern region

Countrywide drought

Central Ghana fires destroy homes, crops & livestock

8 reports

Cholera epidemic

Northern food shortage & drought

Expellees

Countrywide crop losses due to drought and fires


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DISASTER HISTORY

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asia

asia as

bENGAL FAMINE OF 1943

AfghanistanAsiaBangladeshBurmaBurundiCambodiaChina, People’s RepublicChina, Republic ofHong KongIndiaIndonesiaJapanKorea, Republic ofLaosMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaNepalKenyaPakistanPhilippinesSri LankaThailandTibetVietnam

50515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374

disaster trends

FACTS AT A GLANCE

1900

INDIA, 1987DROuGhT

INDIA

1988

most common disaster

worst recorded disaster

most affected country

1

2

3

2

4

199 DISASTERS

8.8 MILLION DEAThS

1 bILLION AFFECTED

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DISASTER HISTORY

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asia

afghanistandisno STRIkE DATE DECLARE DATE

TOTAL

disaster type

afkILLED

50

60

0

35,000

0

0

0

45,347

37

10,200

0

0

0

0

12/21/23

02/00/77

02/00/77

00/00/43

00/00/78

00/00/78

00/00/78

01/03/66

10/00/69

00/00/74

00/00/74

00/00/75

00/00/75

24104

77101

77101

43105

79008

79008

79008

66107

70103

74101

74101

75134

75134

11/01/78

11/01/78

11/01/78

0

430,000

0

0

0

0

0

10.7 mill

150,000

80,500

0

10 mill

0

0

0

430,000

0

0

0

0

0

580,000

150,000

0

0

0

0

0

0

34,000

0

0

0

0

0

505,000

0

0

0

0

471,000

0

Earthquake; Northern Region

Drought; West and Northwest

Earthquake; Hindu Kush, 3,000 injured

Mine Explosion; Town of Karkar

Earthquake; Hindu Kush

Earthquake; Pakistani Border, 483 injured

Earthquake; Chitral & Hindu Kush area

12 reports

Drought; Province of Paktia

Drought; Central, NW and NE

Flood; Western

Flood; Central & Eastern, 140 injured

Landslide; Khinjan Pass

Flood; 3 Southern Provinces


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DISASTER HISTORY

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photographs

DISASTER HISTORY

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photographs

DISASTER HISTORY

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photographs

DISASTER HISTORY

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photographs


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USAID Disaster History

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