US HistoryUNIT TEST NOTES

The application of theory of evolution and natural selections to human society was known as?

Social Darwinism

Most urban working-class families lived in multifamily apartment

buildings called?

Tenements

In the late 1800’s, many rural Americans moved to big cities in

search of?

Better Paying Jobs

At the end of the nineteenth century, immigrants made up a significant percentage of some of the country’s largest

Cities

What law prevented Chinese immigrants already in the United

States from becoming citizens?

Chinese Exclusion act

The vast majority of immigrants arriving on the East Coast spent

about a day at a processing center located where?

Angel Island

Most immigrants came to the United States in part of escape

from poverty and?

Europe’s class system

By the 1890’s, more than half of all immigrants in the United

States were?

Eastern and Southern Europeans

Which of the following did the People’s Party also known as the

Populists call for in 1892?

A graduated income tax

Farmers were hurt economically by high tariffs, high shipping

rates, and?

Deflation

In the late 1800’s, new technology helped farmers produce more

crops, which tended to?

Lower prices

The Knights of Labor suffered a steady decline in membership and

influence due to lost strikes and?

The Heymarket Roit

Employers generally viewed unions as?

Conspiracies that interfered with property rights

When a union called a strike, employers would often hire

replacements called?

Strikebreakers (Scabs)

A__was a technique for breaking a union through which the company refused to

allow workers onto their property

Lockout

What is an organization owned by many people but treated by law as

though it were a single person?

A Corporation

Where a single company achieves control of an entire market, it is

known as a?

Monopoly

To make rail service more reliable, in 1883 the American Railway

Association did what?

Divided the country into standardized

time zones

The two railroads that built the transcontinental railroad were

the?

Union Pacific and Central Pacific

A shortage of workers in California forced the Central Pacific Railroad to hire about

10,000 workers from?

China

One reason for the country’s industrial success was its vast

abundance of natural?

Resources

Northern___traditionally supported high tariffs to

protect them from competition overseas.

Entrepreneurs

Supporters of laissez-faire generally favor?

Free Trade

The Homestead Act gave land to homesteaders if they___for five

years

Lived on it

Large landholders on the Great Plains were

able to?

Invest in the tools they needed