U.S. Department of the Interior U.S.Geological Survey Science Applications International Corporation...

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S.Geological Survey

Science Applications International Corporation

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MODIS PHENOLOGY:

An Introduction to Land Cover Dynamics

March 27, 2006

11:30 – 11:45

EROS Forum

Calli B. JenkersonMODIS Science Data SpecialistLand Processes Distributed Active Archive CenterEROSSioux Falls, SD USA



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MOD12Q2 MODIS/Terra Land Cover Dynamics Yearly L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V004

Boston UniversityDepartment of Geography

Mark FriedlJohn Hodges

Xiaoyang ZhangBin Tan

“For Use by Trained Personnel Only“



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MOD12Q2

Release Date:

February 1, 2006

Acquisitions:

January 1, 2001 – December 31, 2004

“Never Before Seen in the U.S.“



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Phenology:

•relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena or•response of living organisms to seasonal and climatic changes

•due to variations in the duration of sunlight, precipitation, temperature, other life-controlling factors

•Applicable to many “biological phenomena”animal migrationinsect lifecycleshibernation cyclesvegetation growth

“Wearing of this Garment does not Enable you to Fly.”



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MOD12Q2 - 8 Science Data Sets

1. Onset_Greenness_Increase

2. Onset_Greenness_Maximum

3. Onset_Greenness_Decrease

4. Onset_Greenness_Minimum

5. NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Minimum

6. NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Maximum

7. NBAR_EVI_Area

8. Dynamics_QC

“Remove Plastic Wrapper Before Eating.”



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Image Dimensions = 3 (2x1200x1200 num_modes/r/c)

Area = 10° x 10° lat/long

Size = 1200 x 1200 rows/columns

Projection = Sinusoidal

Average File Size = 41.3 MB

Resolution = 1 kilometer

Data Type = 16-bit Unsigned Integer

“This End Up”



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Greenness values derived from

•Vegetation index data

•Snow cover

•Land surface temperature

“This product may have come in contact with peanuts.”



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Vegetation Index Data

•MOD13 EVI algorithm executed on NBAR

MCD43B4 Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance

NBAR values are computed for the mean solar zenith angle of a 16-day period using daily multi-angle surface reflectances

(MOD13A2 derived from MOD09)

•NBAR-derived VI range and summation included as supplementary product information

“Objects in Mirror are Closer than they Appear.”



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“Items on top shelf may freeze and burst.”

Snow cover

•presence of snow introduces a large source of temporal variation in EVI that is not associated with vegetation phenology

•QA field in MODIS NBAR (MCD43B4)

•snow-covered pixels removed from input



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Land surface temperature

•screen for consecutive 16-day periods where the temperature is too low to support growth

•MOD11A2 provides skin temperatures for 8-day periods by averaging daily LST values

“Caution: Liquid Contents may be Hot.”



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Four phenological transition dates defining a growth cycle:

•Onset greenness increase

vegetation begins active growth and photosynthesis

•Onset greenness maximum

VI reaches its maximum

•Onset greenness decrease

first disappearance of green leaves

•Onset greenness minimum

VI returns to the level at which onset occurred

“Intended for Outdoor Use Only.”



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Defined using minimum and maximum values in the rate of change in curvature

solid line = idealized time series of NBAR EVI

dashed line = slope change rate derived from time series

Day of Year

Veg

etat

ion

Inde

x

A B DC

D'

B'

A'

C'Greenness Dates

A’ Onset increase

B’ Onset maximum

C’ Onset decrease

D’ Onset minimum

“Do not Drive or Operate Heavy Machinery.”



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“Misuse May Cause Injury or Death.”



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“Rinse Thoroughly with Water if Product Comes into Contact with Eyes.”

MOD12Q2 Greenness Dates:

•Expressed as

Number of Days Since January 1, 2000

•If vegetation in a pixel showed onset of greenness increase on March 20, 2002, the pixel’s value would be 810

810

810

807

810

807

1km pixel green-up occurred March 17, 2002

810

1km pixel green-up occurred March 20, 2002



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MOD12Q2 - 8 Science Data Sets

1. Onset_Greenness_Increase

2. Onset_Greenness_Maximum

3. Onset_Greenness_Decrease

4. Onset_Greenness_Minimum

5. NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Minimum

6. NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Maximum

7. NBAR_EVI_Area

8. Dynamics_QC

“Do Not Use while Sleeping or Unconscious.”



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MOD12Q2 NBAR_EVI_Onset_Greenness_Minimum

“Not a Protective Safety Device.”

Subset of h25v07 in SE India (Andhra Pradesh, District of West Godavari)

Legend

Min EVI

0 (water)

0.0-0.1

0.1-0.2

0.2-0.3

0.3-0.4

0.4-0.5

32767 (fill)



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“May Contain Small Parts.”

No phenology estimates are calculated if:

•no satellite observations for more than two consecutive 16-day periods the during vegetation growing season

"not processed, cloud" Dynamics_QC

•EVI values are uniformly high within a given 12-month period

such as in some evergreen forests

•EVI values all less than 0.05 in an annual periodsuch as in some deserts



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“Not Intended for Highway Use.”

Bit 1-2Mandatory

good quality 1other quality 258not processed cloud

515not processed other

768

Bit 3-4Quarters since last updated

TBD1 1TBD2 258TBD3 515TBD4 768

Bit 5-8 Land water maskShallow ocean 1Land (Nothing else but land) 258Ocean coastlines and lake 515Shallow inland water 772Ephemeral water 1029Deep inland water 1286Moderate or continental ocean

1543Deep ocean 1792

Bit 9-16: Phenology Assessment1-100, 255 FILL

MOD12Q2 Dynamics QA



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J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J

YEAR 1

001 193001193 193

YEAR 3YEAR 2

PRODUCTION RUN 1: On Year 3 Day 001,acquisitions Year 1 Day 193 – Year 2 193 are processed

PRODUCTION RUN 2: On Year 3 Day 193, acquisitions Year 2 Day 001 – Year 2 365 are processed

“People with known heart conditions should consult a physician prior to engaging in this activity.”



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“This spray may be harmful to small animals.”

Legend

Green_Max Date

2004Jan-Mar

2004Apr-Jun

2004Jul-Sep

2004Oct-Dec

Water

FillMOD12Q2.A2004001.h08v05

Onset_Greenness_Maximum colored by quarter



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CALLI JENKERSONLP DAAC594 [email protected]

“Contents Under Pressure.”

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