STARTING WITH THE NAME

OF ALLAHThe most beneficial, the most

merciful

Phonetics and PhonologyPHONETICS N PHONOLOGY

Presented by

BUSHRA MANZOOR

PART (1)

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS LINGUISTICS?

• Scientific stuDy of Languages.It has TWO branches 1….PHONETIC…..2…..PHONOLOGY

Phonetics

• Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. It is

concerned with how sounds are produced, transmitted

and perceived.

Branches of Phonetics

Articulatory Phonetics Auditory Phonetics

Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

It deals with how speech sounds are

made or articulated.

It deals with the physical properties of

speech sounds.

It deals with the perception of

speech sound

According To David Crystal

Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sound system of language or languages

PHONOLOGY

TWO TYPES

• There are two types.1….CONSONENTS.2…VOWELS

PART(2)

CONSONANTS

Classification of Speech Sounds

Consonants Vowel

Speech Sounds

A sound which is produced with an

obstruction in the air passage.

Vowels are the sounds that are produced with

a free flow of air.

CONSONENTS SOUNDS

• F…fat,photo• V…view,van• S….soon,sister• Z…zero,buzz• H….hot,whole• P….pen,copy• B….ball,baby• T…ten,tight

• D…day• K…key• G…go• M…man• N….no• i….tight• R…right• Y...yet• W…wet

PART(3)

VOWELS

• Vowels are the sounds that are produced with a free flow of air.

• The are all typically voiced sounds• We can describe vowel sounds according to the

position and height of tongue. i.e. front and back, close and open.

• Lips position (round/spread)

Vowels

LONG N SHORT VOWELS

Short vowels• I,kit,bit• e.,,dress,bed• ae.trap,bad• U,,,foot,good• ei,,,face,day• ai,,,,price,high• au,,,mouth,now• ea,,,square,fair• Ua,,poor,cure• I,,,happy,

LONG VOWELS

i: sea,machine

a;start,father

U;two,blue

Classification Vowel Sounds

Monothongs Triphthongs

Consonants

Diphthongs

No glide toward the following vowel

Sound glides from one vowel to another within

one syllable

A glide from one vowel to another and then to a third

one.

Monothongs

• A vowel which remains constant and does not glide

towards the following vowel sound is called

monothong or pure vowel.

• Monothongs can be described as:

• Short vowels /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/, /ɒ/, /ʊ/, /ʌ/, /ə/

• Long Vowels /ɪː/, /ɜː/, /ɑː/, /ɔː/, /uː/

Diphthongs• In addition to single vowel sounds, we regylarly create

sounds that consist of combination of two vowel sounds

known as diphthongs.

• When we produce diphthongs our tongue moves from one

vocalic position to another as in /aı/

• Diphthongs can be described as:

• Ce n t r i ng D i ph t hongs

• Cl os i ng D i ph t hongs

Dipththongs

Diphthongs

Centring Closing

Ending in ə

eə ɪə

Ending in ɪ

eɪ aɪ ɔɪʊəəʊ aʊ

Ending in ʊ

TriphthongsA triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and the to a

third, all produced rapidly and without interruption. For

example, a careful pronunciation of the word ‘hour’ begins

with a vowel quality similar to ‘ɑ:’, goes on to ‘ʊ’ then ends in

‘ə’. It says /aʊə/

Triphthongseɪ + ə = eɪə as in layer, playeraɪ + ə = aɪə as in lair, fireɔɪ + ə = ɔɪə as in loyal, royal, lawyerəʊ + ə = əuə as in lower, moweraʊ + ə = auə as as in powern power, hour.

Importance of teaching pronunciation

• Pronunciation is integral aspect of spoken language. A teacher of language has to give due attention to the teaching of pronunciation because it is not based on spellings. Language is basically a speech.

• J.D.O’Conner favors an order that develops from the smallest unit of speech to the combination of these units into words and then to connected speech.

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