Uranium carbide targets for radioactive ion beams: Review...

240th ACS meeting - Boston 23rd Aug 2010

Uranium carbide targets for Uranium carbide targets for radioactive ion beams: radioactive ion beams:

Review and new developmentsReview and new developments

[email protected]@cern.ch

Target and Ion Source DevelopmentTarget and Ion Source Development(EN(EN--STI) STI) ––

ISOLDEISOLDE

Radiochemistry at FRIBRadiochemistry at FRIB

240th ACS meeting - Boston T. Stora, CERN 23rd Aug 2010

(Radioactive) Ion Beam Facilities(Radioactive) Ion Beam Facilities

Hie isolde

EXCYT, IGISOL,SPES

EURISOL


10 MeV deuteronsd-to-n converter (Be)n moderator (wax)UO2

(10 kg) Baking powder

O.Kofoed-HansenK.O. NielsenDan. Mat.Fys.Medd. 26, no. 7 (1951)‏

ISOLDE “0”

89Kr (CO2

, H2

O, NH3

)

From CERN 76-13, 3rd

conf. nuclei far from stability


Fission probability

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

0 50 100 150 200

A [amu]

Fiss

ion

prob

abili

ty [

%]

238U, 1.4 GeV p,f (2.59 barn) CASCABLA

238U, 600 MeV p,f (2.25 barn) CASCABLA

235U, Thermal n,f ( 582 barn)

Uranium targets for ISOL beamsUranium targets for ISOL beams

Reaction probability

1,E-05

1,E-04

1,E-03

1,E-02

1,E-01

0 50 100 150 200A [amu]

atom

/inci

dent

pro

ton

1.4 GeV p - ISOLDE 238UCx- FLUKA MC Code

Courtesy of E. Bouquerel


dx N/A x x)(E, (E) I ioneffdiff

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Neutrons

Z

ISOLDENat. & stable

Targetdensity[g

cm-3]

Cross section[cm2]

TargetAtomic Mass

[g]

1.4 GeV

pn

238U

201Fr

+spallation

11Li X

+ +fragmentation

143Cs Y+ +

fission

p

Diffusion+Effusion

Efficiency

IonizationEfficiency

AvogadroNumb.

Actinide targets for ISOL radioisotope Actinide targets for ISOL radioisotope beamsbeams

RIB intensity[s-1

A-1]Proton beam

Intensity[s-1

A-1]


Production targetsProduction targets•

Actinide targets in 2006 (in 2009)–

196 shifts (out of 350.5) [56%] (282 : >60% of total)

–

11 new units ( 12)

Target distribution 2006

UC/ThC 56%

CeO 4%

Ti 4%

SiC 3% Sn 3% Pb 2%ZrO 1%

TISD 1%

Ta 11%

LaC 6%

Nb 6%

MgO 4%

From A. Herlert


R. Klapish et al.(UCx at CERN-PS&IPNO/CSNSM, 1967)

Fission(10.5GeV p on ThCx)

Rb releasePhys Rev Lett, 1968

AfterProtonpulse

After 8 sec.

11stst

Targets used at CERNTargets used at CERN--PS for PS for alkali metals (p 10alkali metals (p 10--24 24 GeVGeV))

Target preparation:5cm long, 6mm diameter.36x 70m C, 1-10m (1-8mg/cm2) U compound, 100m gap: tot 0.3g/cm2

UOperated at ca 1500°C

UO2

(NO3

)2

.6(H2

O) layer, converted to UO3

at 200°CHeated further to obtain U3

O8

/ UC /UC2

/ oxycarbide

Na from Ir/C target


Target and Ion source(1967, CERN-ISOLDE) ‏

11stst

Target units used at CERNTarget units used at CERN--SC SC ISOLDE 1ISOLDE 1--2 (p 600 2 (p 600 MeVMeV))


Evolution of yields over yearsEvolution of yields over yearsEvolution of Rb yields

1,0E+00

1,0E+01

1,0E+02

1,0E+03

1,0E+04

1,0E+05

1,0E+06

1,0E+07

1,0E+08

1,0E+09

1,0E+10

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100A [amu]

yiel

d [/

C]

1967 yield 150MeV (0.3g/cm2)

1980 yield 600MeV SC (13g/cm2)

1995 yield 1.4GeV PSB (45g/cm2)

1E-031E-02

1E-011E+ 00

1E+ 011E+ 02

1E+ 03

0,00%0,01%0,10%1,00%

10,00%100,00%

UC135-PSBKlapishLigne 46

t im e (s)

Rel

ease

d f

ract

ion

From Carraz et alNIM 1978

T1/2 (s) ‏

Fit with diffusion & effusiontime cst


Target mass related to beam Target mass related to beam intensitiesintensities

R. Cardinale, T. StoraEURISOL-DS, poster final town meeting Pisa

100 8mm diam U/C composite foils, 5-10mg/cm2

U, tot ~1g/cm2

U, 1600°C

(C Thibault et al., Phys Rev C, 1975) ‏

440ms 48ms22.5s 31ms60sPS


Beams are always delivered at Beams are always delivered at constant intensities ?constant intensities ?


•Uranium Carbide Pills

–UO2

+ 6C → UC2

+ 2C + 2CO

•Target of ~50gcm-2

•Uranyl Nitrate UO2

(NO3

)2

–U3

O8

+ 20C → 3UC2

+ 6C + 8CO

•Thorium Carbide

–ThO2

+ 6C → ThC2

+ 2C + 2CO

•Thoria felt

Actinide Target production at ISOLDEActinide Target production at ISOLDE

(HfO felts) ‏


bulk = 3.5 g/cm3

Characterization UCx ISOLDECharacterization UCx ISOLDE

L. Biasetto et al.

How to do release modeling from this material ?


High density UC target @ CERNHigh density UC target @ CERN

•

Importation from Russia of HD-UC pellets to CERN (It took 2 years):

Set 1: 100 pillsUC (U5:0.38%), 13.2mm diam, 1mm thick, 12.3g/cm3, avg. grain 10 m , UC2<4%

Set 2: 300 pillsUC (U5:0.38%), 13.2mm diam, 1mm thick, 12.7g/cm3, avg. grain 6 m , UC2<4%


ActiLab in FP7ActiLab in FP7--ENSARENSAR

U Padova


Task 1: Synthesis of new actinide targets (CERN, INFN, IPNO) Subtask 1: Sol-gel synthesis in complex fluids (“Chimie douce”)Subtask 2: Nanostructures

Task 2: Characterization of actinide targets (CERN, INFN) Subtask 1: Microstructure, porosity, specific surface, crystalline phaseSubtask 2: Emissivity, thermal conductivity at high temperature

Task 3: Actinide targets properties after irradiation (CERN, PSI) Subtask 1: Post-irradiation examination of target prototypes

Task 4: Online tests of actinide targets (CERN, GANIL, IPNO) Subtask 1: Impact of pulse time structure on release and ageing propertiesSubtask 2: Analysis of the results-effusion and diffusion phenomena

Project task breakProject task break--downdown


And the futureAnd the future

High power nanostructuredoxide target / CERN patent

~1e15 fis/s= 30kW Massive UC target for SPIRAL II


Conclusion and OutlookConclusion and Outlook

•

New production and characterizarion methods are now accessible to provide a new generation of Uranium ISOL targets.

229RnPhys Rev Lett 2009

N=Z 44Ti, 48Cr, 50Mn52Fe, 56Ni, 58Cu


1013-1014

6He/18Ne/s for

beams:long base line neutrino oscillation experiment for CP violiation in the leptonic sector

200kW neutron spallation sourceto produce ca 5 1013

fast n/cm2/sover 200cm2

700kW «

ISOL

»

targets


Input & Thanks toInput & Thanks to•

A. Andrighetto/L. Biasetto

•

P. Bricault•

A. Herlert

•

J. Nolen/J. Greene•

D. Stracener

•

C. Thibaut•

M. Tichenko

Recent developments could not be reported here, eg ORNL, ANL or TRIUMF target activities

Uranium carbide targets for radioactive ion beams: Review...

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