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UNIT 1

UNIT 2

UNIT 3

UNIT 4

UNIT 5

UNIT 6

UNIT 7

UNIT 8

UNIT 9

UNIT 10

Gonlen ls

Optional Further Practice

Suggested Answers Section .....................

i

p .106

p. 107

p . 1 1 1

Neighbours

Vocabulary PracticeNeighbours

Fill in the blanks with the words below

r waters . keeps an eye on things . grateful . thoughtfulo drives ...crazy . easy-going . a stiff upper lip . politeo creative r chatting

2345

F-l-eltrtd-ll3-t-6tt4Ta-1trt-f]trT.l

Cross the odd word out, as inthe example.

chatterbox, sbffi, lazybones,troublemakersensible, br€ friendly ambitiousb'-6, plants, bulbs, seedslikeable, caring, ]ne4, friendlydigging, gardening, planting,

bad€

Match the words in the columnsthen use them to fill in the gapsin the sentences below.

senseoldcrearkeendropdepends

a garoener

b away

c o n

d -fashioned

e of humour

f litter

How would you describeyourself?

I have a great sense of

numour.

Do you get on well withyour neighbours?

Yes. Except when they drop

litter in my garden.

How would you describe a

typical Engl ishman?

Hmm, let me think. Punctual,polite and perhaps a little

old-fashioned.

Laura's garden is lovely!

Yes, it is. She is a(n) <eengardener.

Can I give you a hand with

the housework?

B: Yes, that'd be great. Couldyou please clear away theplates that are on the table?

6 A: What do you usually do atweekends?

B: Well, it depends on the time

of year. In the sum.mer I go tothe beach with my friends. Inthe winter I like going to the

onema.

The three people below are neighboursin a block of flats in London.

Neelam Gupta is 23 years old. Neelam isIndian and she studies photography at theChelsea School of Art. She loves her neighboursand they love her. She is a very 1l thoughtfulperson who enjoys helping others. When herneighbours are away on holiday she 2l waterstheir plants for them and generally 3) keeps aneye on things. Her neighbours are always very4) grateful to her for her help.

Alison Greenway is 25 years old and sheworks as a DJ for a radio station. She was bornin Australia but she moved to London when shewas 15. Alison is friendly and 5l easy-going. At.weekends she loves 6) chatting and laughingwith her friends in the garden. This sometimes7) drives her neighbours crazy, especially whenAlison and her friends play really loud musicl

Georgiana Portman is 58 years old. She isEnglish and she is a History Professor at LondonUniversity. Georgiana is very artistic and8f creative. She plays the violin and the piano andshe loves painting portraits. She is a typicalEnglishwoman. She is sometimes annoyed byAlison's loud music but she keeps 9l a stiff upperlip about it. She is very lO| polite and reserved.

B :

2 A :

B :

3 A :

B :

4 A :

B :

5 A :

4 Underline the correct word, as in the example.

1 Tania is very r_e_s€rygd/thoughtful. She doesn'tlike expressing her emotions.English people have a reputation/politenessfor being a little eccentric.

Stop being such a nosey parker/:llllbilly andbe sensible! You are not a chi ld!This painting depicts/produces the Acropolisin Athens.

I didn't understand the ioke. lt was too subtle/comieal.

Rachel talks al l the t ime. She is such achatterbox/scatterbrain.

7 Robert is very caring. He looks after/looks forhis brother and helos his sister with herhomework.

8 Leo doesn't take after/take care of his father.He looks like his mother.

9 She's as busy as a bee/bird.10 Without my glasses, l 'm as blind as a @{fox.11 As a boss, he's very good with strangers/

emplovees.'12 Could you glgtmake me a favour?13 Remember to keep in feel/touch wlth us.

5 Circle the correct response.

A: Could you give Mrs Edwards a call, please?B: a Not at al l .

@ ves, ofcourse.

A: How often do you clean your room?B: a l 'm sorry but I can't.

@ twice a week.

3 A: Do you think you could wash the car?a:@ t 'm afraid I can't. I have to go to the

suoermarket.b No, I guess not.

4 A: Do you mind switching off the TV? l'mtrying to sleep.

B: a l 'd l ike to.

@ Sure. No problem.

A: I'm so sorry for waking you up last night.B:@ Don't worry about i t .

b I do apologise.

A: I'm sorry. I didn't mean to upset you.B: a All r ight.

@ tt doesn't matter. Forget about it.

Word Formation

6 Complete the gaps with the correct wordderived from the words in bold.

,Philip works for abank in ̂ ,.* vo*. in

rnternational

rntellisent, rl ,ro,,ll It a high-flier;

talented. ,";;.; n]"" and very

il,:]"f ,; ffiJ;..:lffi: [::ff.ffJ:r,;.;T? important than

AMB|TION

SELF

CREATE

FORGETCARE

Richard is an author' He ts verY

3) creative and artistic but

sometimes he can be a little

4) forgetful and

5) careless. He never remembers

where his books and notes are ano

he is alwaYs losing things'

' ';-.."**'"** --' '-

Phrasal verbs

7 Replace the phrases in bold with lookofter,take after, run dfter in the correct form.

looks after1 Mrs Harris takes care of mv little sister while

our parents arg at worK.2 susan r'3{"?BlE?'r.rer father.3 The woman d81rf,86til "

robber screamrngfor help.

5

Grammar in UsePresent Simple. Present Continuous& Present Perfect

Put the verbs in the brackets into presenf

simple, present continuous or pruent pertect.

1 A: What time are we meeting (we/meet)

John and Liz?

B: The performance starts (start) at 8:00 so

we are meeting (meet) them at 7:30.

2 A: ls lan coming (lan/come) with us to the

restaurant?

B: I don't think (noVthink) so. He hasn't

finished (noUfinish) writing his report yet.

3 A: Have you seen (you/see) Linda?

B: No, I think she is (be) stil l at the library.

4 A: How often do you exercise (you/exercise)

at the gym?

B: Three to four times a week.

A: ls Tanya (Tanya/be) on a diet?

B: No, she just eats (eat) healthy food and

sleeps (sleep) a lot.

A: What time are Laura and Penny feaving(Laura and Penny/leave)?

B: They have already left (already/leave).

A: What are you looking (you/look) for?

B: I am looking (look) for my key. I have just

lost (jusVlose) it.

A: What time does the Eurostar train leave(the Eurostar train/leave) for Paris?

B: At half past seven.

A: Where are you going (you/go) on holiday

this summer?

B: ltaly or Greece. We haven't decided (noU

decide) yet.

A: Where does Leo live (Leo/live)?

B: In Kensington, but at the moment he is

staying (stay) with friends in Paris.

11 A: Are you having (you/have) a party on

Saturday?

B: Of course I am. I have already invited(al ready/invite) everybody !

12 A: Have you been (you/go) to the doctor's?

B: Yes, but my temperature is still going up(still/9o up)!

2 Complete each gap with the correct form ofthe verb in brackets.

HiClaire,Just a quick message from England!I can't believe | 1) have been (be) here for two weeksalready. I 2) am having (have) such a great time! Theuniversity is very impressive and | 3) feel (feel) soproud to be here.So far, | 4) have met (meet) a lot of students from othercountries and l5) am sharing (sharc) a large room witha girl from Hong Kong until she gets a room of her own.The head of our department 6) is planning/hasplanned (plan) an international party for this weekend.I 7) hope (hope) it's a good one. | 8) haven't been(noUgo) to a party for ages!When 9) are you leaving (you/leave) for Rome?10) Have you found (you/find) a house yet?Write back soon.Lots of love,Claire

Stative verbs .l

3 Put the verbs in brackets into the presentsimpleor presentcontinuous.

1 A: Why are you smelling (you/smell) that egg?

B: Because it smells (smell) bad. l ' l l throw it

away.

2 A: lt feels (feel) great to be on holiday,

doesn't it?

B: Yes, I am feeling (feel) better already!

3 A: Stan thinks (think) he's so great!

B: I know. They say he is thinking (think) ofgoing for the boss's job!

4 A: Look at Karen. She is having (have) a great

time.

B: Yes, and she certainly has (have) a talent

for dancing.

5 A: Why are you looking (you/look) at that

child over there?

B: Because he looks (look) so much like

David.

1 0

6

$:

s,,::,*:,

:l

6 A :

B:

7 A:.

B :

Andy is (be) really a good

boy, you know.

So why is he being (he/be)

so silly right now?

Why are you tasting (you/

taste) the soup?Because John says it tastes(taste) like water!

5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present tenses.

Dear Bob,| 1) om writing (write) to tetl gou about something reo[lgwonderJul that 2) has happened (happen) to me! You 3) know(know) how much I love writing? WeLl., the school newspaper4) has asked (ask) me to be their new editor. I con't betieve it. I5) hove been waiting (wciD Jor a chance like this Jor ages.Over the pastfew dags, I 6) have been readLng (read) pasteditions oJ the school paper to get sorne ideqs obout whot thepaper ls otl obout. | 7) have oLreadg wrltten (alreadglwrite)down lots of notes about what kind oJ stories | 8) want (wcnt)to include. White | 9) have been counting (count) down the dagsbeJore | 10) ottend (attend) thefrst meeting oJthe newspaperstafi | must admlt thot I l1) am becoming (become) more andmore nervous. I hope evergthlng goes OK.Wet[, that's mg news. 12) Aren't (belnot) gou excitedJor me? l,ttlet gou know whot happens.Bge for now,Mork

ntence transforrnations

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same asthe first. Use no more than three words.

1 lt's six years since I started learning English.I have been learning English for six years.

2 This is the third time we have travelled to New york.

We have been to New York,three times so far.3 Claire hasn't visited London for two years.

Claire visited London two years ago.4 The last time Helen took a train was in 2004.

Helen hasn't taken a train since 2004.5 We have never been to a more beautiful city.

This is the most beautiful city we have ever been to.

4

Present Perfect Continuous

Write a sentence for eachsituation, as in the example. Usefor or siirce.

1 Maria started working as anengineer fourteen years ago.She is stil l an engineer.

Maria ttas been warking *s anengineer f*r {aarte€{t y€#rt.

2 He started playing tennis twohours ago. lt was 5:00 pm.

He has been playing tennis fortwo hours./has been playing

tennis since 5:00 pm.

3 It is snowing. lt startedsnowing three hours ago.It has been snowinq for threehours.

4 A friend tells you that he sawSusan. The last time yo.u sawSusan was in 2001.

I haven't seen Susan since 2001.5 Bill and Richard are taking

karate lessons. They startedtaking lessons in March.

Billand Richard have been takingkarate lessons since March.

6 You are waiting for a friendoutside the cinema. You arrivedthere twenty minutes ago:I have been waiting for twenty

mtnures.

7 llna started going on holidayto Santorini five years ago.Tina has been going on holiday

to Santorini for five years.

8 Your brother tells you- he metDavid. You last saw David agesago.'

I haven't seen David for aoes

:*?.w

6

7

The people below (1-4)are looking for a house to buy. Decide which house (A-F)would be the mostsuitable for them. There are two houses you don't need.

Situated in a quiet traditionalvillage, this charming cottage isideal for those who love nature.

Set in spacious grounds, it is onlyminutes away from the

Merseyside Conservation Park.Alice and Martin

love partying. They are

very sociable and they have

lots of friends. They are looking

for a big house in which they

can entertain lots of people

and have barbecues in

the summer.

Sandra and Rupertare high{liers. They have

very busy lives and their jobs

are stressful and demanding.They like modern architecture and

furnishings. Their ideal housewould be well-organised

and spacious.

Designed by famous Mexicanarchitect, Javier Valladares, thiscontemporary house is large,minimalist and practical. lt isperfect for those who, are alwayson the go.

The Browns are aquiet and friendly family.

They are looking {or a housewith a big garden in a niceneighbourhood close to thecentre. They are on h tignibudget so they don't want

tn cnon. l q lnt n{

money. l

This lovely villa is idealfor parties and

celebrations. With a largeoutdoor pool and a big

reception room, it isperfect for those whohave busy social livesand love entertaining.

This beautifulfamily home isonly two kilometres awayfrom the city centre. Situatedin a quiet, safeneighbourhood, it has fourbedrooms and a big garden.You won't believe the pricel

Close to the centre and in one ofthe best areas, this large house with

its five bedrooms is ideal forfamilies, Not only perfect for inviting

friends and family for weekendstays, but also for gardeners looking

for peace and quiet.Stella

loves nature. She is

energetic and active andshe soends a lot of time in the

garden. She wants to buy a housein the countryside which she can

fill with beautiful flowers. Shealso loves taking long walks

This wonderful Mediterraneanstone house is certainly for thosewho want to get away from thestress of city centres anddemanding work schedules. Anhou/s flight across the Channel isall you need to reach your ownnatural paradise and at a veryreasonable price.

8

and having picnics.

Listening & SpeakingDescribing People

. --t'Vou will hear a conversationbetween two friends about aparty. For questions 1- 5 chooseA , B o r C .

2

When was the party?

A Saturday

@ Yesterday

C The day before yesterday

What was great about the

dinner party?

A the food

B the music and the people

@ tne food, the music and thepeopre

3 Laura Singer has

@ dart black hair ano greeneyes.

B short brown hair and green

eyes.

C black hair and blue eyes.

4 What is Laura Singer l ike?

A She is talkat ive and nice.

3

@ Sfre is friendly, talkative and

interesting.

C She is too talkative.

5 In January, Laura Signer

@ won the National Writing

Competi t ion.

is going to Columbia

University.

is going to study Creative

Writ ing.

John:Andrew:

John:Val:

John:VaI:

John:VaI:

John:

Val:

John:

Socialising

Complete the exchanges with sentences from the box.

. Pleased to meet you . Nice to meet you, too.

. No, no. lt's my turn. . same to you

. How're things? r Bye. Have a nice day.o Sorry l'm late.

1 A: Jane, l 'd like you to meet Mr Rochester.

B: Pleased to meet you, Mr Rochester.

2 A: Bye, Linda. l ' l l see you this evening.

B: Bye. Have a nice day

3 A: Nice to meet you, Albert.

B: Nice to meet you, too.

A: Have a nice weekend, Mrs Porter.

B: Thanks, same to you, Peter.

5 A: How're things?

B: Just f ine, thanks.

A: Let me buy you lunch.

B: No, no l t 's my turn.

7 A. Sorry l 'm late.

B: Never mind, you're here now!

Meeting old friends

Choose phrases from the box to complete the dialogue.

. Nice to meet you, too . haven't we meto i'd like you to meet . This is a great party, isn't it. Hi, there . What a fantastic party that was

Hi, Andrew. l) This is a great party, isn't it?

2) Hi there!Yes, it is John.3) I'd like you to meet my cousin, Val Jordan.Nice to meet you, Val.

4) Nice to meet you, too, John!Val, 5) haven'twe met before?

Mmm, I think we have but I can't remember when.

I believe it was at Brian Stock's parfy last sunrmer.

Yes, that's right. 6) What a fantastic party that was!

Yes, it was. I haven't seen Brian for ages. Is he here

tonight?

He's over there. Let's go and talk to him.

Great!Let's go.

t\,ii

#@

*

Writing (an e-mail describing your family)

Getting qtarted

Read the rubric and underline the key word#phrases. What wordVphrases can you think of related to thewordfamily? mother, father, brother, sister. tall, slim, talkative, etc

This is part of an e-mail vou received from your Mexican friendMaria.

I love my family but sometimes thE drive me uazy. My tvvin sister paz isgreot but my younger brother Roberto can be annoying at times so weoften fight obout the silliest things. Whoft your family like?

[1iteane-m3ilto your Mexican friend describinq your family.

Let's look closer

Read the e-mail and complete the paragraph plan. Use thefollowing headings:

o request for return e-maile description of parents - ages, professions, personalitieso greeting and comment on last e-maile description of brotherVsisterVcousi ns - persona lities, I ikeVdisl ikes

2

Deon florio,

Wnl Hou/re things? I reollg enjoged reoding goun

ernqil Voudre luckg to hove such o big ond interesting

fonilg

p',Hu fqnilgfs or€oL too. t'lg nothen, Heother, is 46 geons

old ond uor{<s qs q l,lqths professon of 0xford Universitg

She's very coring ond thoughtful but sonetimes she cqn beq little strict l'lg dod, Brion, is 45. He,s o doctor so heuor{<s long hour.s qnd I dont see hin very often He,s notstrict of qll qnd he con be very geneious lrith. pocket

moneg!

kI hove no brpthers or sisters but I hove tuo cousins

@ Tino ond Jo ore idenUcol tuins

ond thegfre mg qge. Theg love pop music ond filns qnd uleoften go out together. Thegfre funng, tqlkeUve ond eosygoing Houever, Tincds q bit of q chqttertox, uhich con be q

Iittle tining ot Unes!pnngtog, I've got to go noul - its dinnen tfune.l.hite bqcksoon ond tell ne goun neus.

Toke core,

Julio

Introduction(Para 1) greeting and comment

on last e-mail

(Pan 2) description of parents -

ages, professions,personalities

(Para 3) description of brothers/si,sters/cousins -personalities,likes/dislikes

C-ondusion(Para 4) request for returne-mail

Look at the pictures. How are the people related to Julia?n., Picture A-Jul ia 's cousins Picture B -Jul ia 's mother picture c -Jul ia 's fatherI \ J

Opening/Closing remarks

3 l_Mark the following opening/closing remarks with OR or CB.Which could you use in Julia'se-mail?

1 Hi! Guess what? OR2 Well, that's all from me. CR3 Can't wait to see you. CR4 l'm writing to let you know

that .. . OR5 Sorry, I haven't be'bn in

touch in a while. OR6 Bye for now. CR7 Got to go now. CR8 Hi! What's up? OR9 How's everything going? OR

4 Look at paragraphs 2 & 3 in the e-mail. Find the topic sentences andunderline them. Do the supportingsentences develop the main ideaof the paragraph? How?Yes, they do. The writer goes on todescribe what she has mentioned inher tooic sentences.

Read the topic sentences below.Think of supporting sentences todevelop the main idea.

(See Suggested Answers Section)1 My best friend Kate is the

kindest girl in the world.2 My brother Jonathan is a talented

pianist.3 Lou and Jane are my favourite

cousrns.

Rewrite the sentences using linking words or phrases.(See Suggested Answers Section)

1 Ann is friendly. She is caring.

2 Bob is hardworking. Bob is kind.

3 Paul is very enthusiastic. He is bossy sometimes.

4 Helen is really attractive. She's got green eyes and long fair

hair.

5 Mary is polite and friendly. She is forgetful at times.

6 Jane is so kind. She is always very helpful.

7 Harry is very sociable. He is intelligent.

8 Vivian is like a sister to me. Sometimes she gets on my

nerves !

Your turn

Answer the questions about yourself.(See Suggested Answers Section)

1 How many people are in your family?

2 What do they do for a living?

3 What are they like?

Read the rubric in Ex. 1 again. Use your answers in Ex. 7 towrite an e-mail to your friend in Mexico about your family(80-100 words). Use the paragraph plan in Ex. 2 to help you.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

8

1 1

Linking words and phrases

. To make your piece of writing more interesting, you can use a

variety of words and phrases to link sentences or ideas together.

My cousin Jo is an attractive girl. She's got blue eyes and long dark hair

My cousin Jo is an ottractive girlwith blue eyes and long dorkhair.. You can link descriptions of similar personal qualities by using

in addition, also, and, moreover, etc.

She is caring. She is always helping people. She is very kind to etreryone.

She is caring and is always helping people. Moreover, she is very kind

to everyone.. You can link descriptions of contrasting qualities by using but,

on the other hand, however, nevertheless, etc.

He is hordworking and bright. He can be diffrcult at times.

He is hardworking and bright, but he can be difficult ottimes.

NOTE: When you mention someone's negative qualities you

should use mild language (seems to be, can be rather, etc). For

example, instead of saying My brother Paulis lazy, it is better to say

My brother Paulcan be rather lozy attimes.Topic sentences

The topic sentence is the first

sentence in the paragraph. ltintroduces or summarises the main

topic of the paragraph and gives thereader an idea of what theparagraph is going to be about. The

rest of the paragraph (supporting

sentences) develops the main idea

of the topic sentence.

Call of the

tcnLlsrulIrsi:ftut

Vocabulary practice

Fauna

I Complete the spidergrams withthe words from the list.. lake . chimpanzee. hunting/fishing . amphibian. hare . habitat changes. mammal . jungle o wetlandso trger . reptile . wolf. forest . ocean

fu hlinting/fishins

fu tiser

Flora

Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 woodlands, farmlands, M, hedgerows2 noise, @, dust, air pollution3 pollution, starvation, (:Mfr, il lness4 moths, bats, squirrels,@ffiiF5 .bffi, tiger; chimpanzee, wolf

Underline the correct word, as in the example.

1 You can make a wildlife pond/garden quiteeasily.

2 Joanna is a member of the local environmentalteam/qrogp.

3 Planting trees can help reduce soil erosion/extinction.

4 Chinchillas are an endangered species/types.5 The Amazon rainforest has an extraordinarv

va rrety of wildlife/countryside.

Social lssues

Match the words and complete the sentences.

lTTdl witdtifeETel factoryFTe I rivinglZTb'-] tau.trTq animal

a waste

b lives

c spectes

d habitat

e conditions

1 A pond is a smal l wi ldl i fe habitat .2 Faclory waste pollutes the earth,s rivers and

SCAS.

3 People always try to improve their livinqcondit ions.

4 The discovery of new medicines can help saveIives.

5 Many animal species are at great risk fromextinction in the Amazon.

Similes

Complete the sentences with the similesbelow

. green as grass . fresh as a daisy

. brown as a berry . red as a rose

1 Mike, have you been on holiday? you,re asbrown as a berry.lf you get a good night,s sleep, you,ll be asfresh as a daisy in the morning.When she first started college, she was asgreen as grass.

Her lips are as red as a rose.

IlL -forest

$rqatiuGtud

ffi wetlands

wolf

4

I

12

6 Why are trees important? Use the verbs in the list to complete the phrases in the diagram below.

. remove r reduce . provide r protect o release

5) protect from

ultraviolet radiation 2) provide shelter for animals

i 4) remove CO, from the

3) release oxygen

Match the two columns and then createsentences, as in the example.

lTItrl use energy-efficient light bulbs

P-l-D-l recycle paper and plant trees

t3lal create a wildlife habitat in our garden

t4Ttrl keep beaches ctean

f5TA] not use our cars in city centres

A help reduce air pol lut ionB save energyC protect wildlifeD protect forestsE help save sea turtles from extinction1 8y using enr:rgy-*ffirient light hulbs,'w* can sav€

enerqy"2 By recycl ing paper and planting trees we can

^ r ^ + ^ - + C ^ - ^ - + -Pr \J LCL L | \JI C> 15.

3 By creat ing a wi ldl i fe habitat in our gardenswe can orotect wildlife.

4 By keeping beaches clean we can help savesea turtles from extinction.

5 By not using our cars in city centres we canhelp reduce air pol lut ion.

Underline the correct words.

1 My neighbours are going to raise/s'lar! acampaign against the cutting down of the bigtree outside their house.

We are trying to raise/recycle money to build awildlife pond in the local park.On Sunday, students from our school are goingto planVprotect trees on top of that hill.

4 At home. we try to use/recvcle as muchrubbish as oossible

5- lf you want to help planVprolec! wildlife,why don't you adopt an animal?

6 We use/start public transport a lot: this waywe help reduce air pol lut ion.

Phrasal verbs

Join the parts of the sentences.

The Mauri t ius Maunhus Dodo bird died . . . .I r 4 n . . . . . . . .

He cou ldn ' t make . . . . . . . .

You look worn . . . . . . . .

They have brought . . . . . . . .

a out of paper and I couldn't print my essayb out! I think you need some rest.c out my favourite writer's new book!d out around 1690.

e out what that sign said.

l-TTd-llz]-altrTrlfzlb-]trT-l

9

8

1 3

2

3

4

5

6

7

Grammar in UseModals

Complete the sentences using musUhaveto-shouldloughtto-mustnt and the verbs below.

. drop ". recycle e hunt . work . respect

. keep . ask

We should/ought to recycle all paper; plastic

bottles and aluminium cans in our homes.

You mustn't drop litter on the ground.

You mustn't hunt endangered species.You should/ought to respect the elderly.You musVhave to keep your dog on a lead.You should/ought to ask a lawyer for advice.I musVhave to work tonight.

You are illwith measles. Make sentences fromthe notes your doctor has left you. Useshould/shouldnt.

. Stay at home for two weeko Rest as much as you canr Drink plenty of liquids. See friends until the spots go

1 You should stay at home for two weeks.2 You should rest as much as you can.3 You should dr ink plenty of l iquids.4 You shouldn' t see fr iends unt i l the spots go

away.

The future - tirne words

Put the verbs in brackets into the pruentsimpleor futuresimple.

1 We will take (take) part in an environmentalcampaign when we join "Save a Tree".We won't go (noUgo) until you come back

home.

I will reqycle the magazines after I finish(finish) reading them.

Don't for:get to walk the dog before you

leave (leave) for school.When will he reach (he/reach) Paris?

Going to

4 Rupert is the director of an environmentagency. Look at his diary and write down whathis arrangements are for the following dates.

11th Nov \ meetthe Minister of Heafth

lle is gaing tro meet the lfrinister af Health an thel lth af {$7vembet

He is going to travel to New York for anEcology Conference on the 30th of November.He is going to give an interview to Save thePlanet magazine on the 1't of December.He is going to go to the Environment Awardsin Manchester on the 5th of December.He is going to have a meeting with his staffon the 1Oth of December.

6 He is going to appear on a TV chat-show onthe 1 5th of December.

Will - Going to

Fillin ull or goingto.

1 A: I am going to donate f20 to my localenvironmental group.

B: Well done! | think that's a great idea.

2 A: Are you going to go to the countrysidethis weekend?

2

5

3

B:

3 A :

4 A :

B:

I don't think so. I heard on the news thatit is going to rain.

What are you going to do for your scienceproject?

I am going to make a wildlife pond.

Sam is going to join Greenpeace next month.Great! | will join then, too.

1 4

n

e

A:

B:

A:

B:

A:

B:

A:

B:

1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

5 A: ls Tony coming to the environmentalfundraiser tonight?

B: I don't know. lwill call him to find out.A: My suitcase is so heavy!B: I will help you carry it.

A: You look exhausted!

B: Yes. I am. lwill go to bed.

A: What are your plans for the August break?B: We are going to sail around the Greek

islands.

A: You still haven't cleared up the garage.

B: Sorry. I promise I will do it tomorrow afterwork.

l'm so thirsty.

I will get you a glass of water.

Why did you wake up so early today?I am going to meet Alison for a quick

coffee before work.

Antonia plays the cello so beautifully.

She is going to become a great cellist oneday.

What are you doing tonight?l've got tickets to a classical concert. I amgoing to see the St Petersburg Philharmonic.

14 A: Good afternoon. Can I speak to Tonia,please?

B: Just a minute, please. I will get her for you.

15 A: Are you going to learn another foreignlanguage before leaving school?

B: Yes, I am going to learn Spanish.

Prepositional Phrases

Fill in: frcm, in, at.

1 By adopting a sick animal, you can help saveanimals from extinction.

2 The chindrilla is in danger of becoming extinct.3 We must protect both large and small

habitats from being destroyed.4 Today, nearly 15 percent of the wildlife in

Britain is at risk of becoming extinct.5 The red wolf lives in the wild.

Sentence transformations

7 Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

It is against the law to hunt endangered animals.You must not hunt endangered animals.Dinosaun became extinct millions of years ago.Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.It would be a good idea to check the site before youfill in the adoption form.You should/ought to check the site before you fillin the adoption form.lf we don't want animals to become extinct wemust protect their habitats.We musVhave to protect natural habitats or wildanimals will become extinct.It is everyone's duty to do what we can to help theenvironment.We musVhave to do what we can to help theenuronment.

Word formation {forming nouns)

Fill in the correct form of the words in bold.

1 An increase in factory production will lead toan increase in factory waste.

PRODUCE2 Thank to the Internet, communication

among people has become easier.

COMMUNICATE3 Man's indifference has led to the extinction of

many spectes. DCflNCT4 The development of new medicines will save

people's lives. DEVELOP5 In the conclusion of your essay, you can

restate why recycling is so important.

CONCLUDE

8

5

1 5

Reading

I Look at the sentences below about a species of endangered turtle. Read the text to decide whether thesentences are true I(true) or F(false).

1 There are more than two million green sea turtles in ihe '".rorld. F2 The green sea turtle is not the only sea turtle whose numbers are getting smaller. T3 The green sea turtle provides food for human berngs. T4 A lot of countries do not allow people to hunt the turtles T5 Fisherman do their best to avoid catching the turtles. F6 The turt les are sometimes caught in old f ishing l ines. T7 The turtles like to eat plastic. F8 Tourists frighten the turtles away from their nesting beaches. T9 Bright lights are dangerous for young turtles. T

10 Scient ists have known about the ki l ler disease for a lonq t ime. F

*-ffirlf{ff(Sln Se{A}ry llruilrtil[e

S-!lr7t6i',efiEru sEA TURTLE is a large turtle that can grow t0 1.5 metres in tength and weigh up to 200 kitograms. tt isfound in warm coastal waters around the world, but the largest populations today are in Florida and the Caribbean,Hawaii, and Borneo. In all these areas the turtles are at risk, with populations in Florida and Mexico officiallydescribed as endangered. Although in the past there were probably several million green sea turtles in the world,today scientists believe that fewer than 200,000 adult females remain. Below we list some of the reasons whynumbers of this and other sea turtles have declined.

People around the world have used the meat of the green sea turtle for food since ancient times and it is the mainingredient in turtle soup. The eggs, which the female turtles bury on sandy beaches, are also collected by hunters.Unfortunately, although laws banning the hunting have been passed in many countries, people continue to do soillegally.

Every year, more than 10,000 sea turtles are accidentally trapped in fishing nets. Unable to breathe, these turtlessoon drown. Many of these deaths could be avoided if the fishermen made minor changes to their equipment thatwould allow the turtles to escape. For some reason, many fishermen seem unwilling to do this, although the lawrequires them to do so.

The seas are littered with rubbish which can prove deadly to the turtles. They can become entangled in old fishinglines and nets or they may mistake pieces of plastic for food. When the turtles swallow the plastic, it can block theirdigestive systems and then the turtles starve to death.

More and more beaches, used by the turtles as nesting areas, are lost every year as tourist areas are developed.This means that the females do not have a familiar place in which to lay their eggs and as a result some femalesmay not nest at all. Even if the turtles do manage to lay their eggs, these may be crushed by people walking alongthe beach. Just as seriously, the young turtles are often confused by the bright lights when they hatch and areunable to find their way to the sea and safety.

In recent years, scientists have reported that a new disease is affecting green sea turtle populations, particularly inFlorida and Hawaii. Scientists suspect that the disease, which eventually kills the infected turtles, is caused by avirus or parasite, but the exact cause is not yet known.

lFH

Listening & Speaking b. ln pairs, use your answers in Ex. 1a to talk about global

Global Warming

a. You will hear a personcommenting on a new bookabout global warming. Forquestions 1- 5 choose A, B or C.

warming. (See Suggested Answers Section)

a. Complete the exchanges with sentences from the box.

' l A: Don't you just love it here? The sea is so beautiful and

calm.

2

B :

2 4 .

B :

3 A :

B :

4 A :

. How interesting! | never knew thato Sorry - | didn't think of thato Don't you just love it here. I suppose you're r ight

Yes, it 's a beautiful place.

Did you know that turtles survived the dinosaur extinction65 mil l ion years ago?

How interest ing! | never knew that.Why are you throwing al l that paper into the rubbish

bin? lt's best if you recycle it

Sorry - | didn' t think of thatJane, wouldn't it be better if we rode our bikes to school

instead of taking the school bus? We could do our part

to reduce pollution in our city.

I suppose you're r ight!

1 The book says that most

experts ...

A think the world wi l l get

colder in the future.

@ disagree on the reasons forglobal warming.

C say global warming is a

natural process

Most scientists agree that the

rate of global warming is ...

A not changing.

B slowing down.

@ growing quickly.

The speaker says that the

book contains ...

@ too many complicated ideas.

B a lot of sensible suggestions.

C technical advice for

electricians.

4 The speaker agrees that we

5

A spend too much in isupermarkets. F

F.B travel too far to find good ;:

food. i

B :

3

b. In pairs, act out similar exchanges.

Making suggestions - Agreeing

Read the conversation below. Fill in the gaps with thefol lowing expressions.

. Why don't . How about o let 's o Good thinking

. Why not . That's an excellent idea

Beth: Hi, Jo. How is it going?

Jo: Hi, Beth. Great, thanks. Ive just finished my essay.Andyou?

Beth: Ive just finished mine, too.

Jo: WeIl, l) let's do something!

Beth: OK! 2) How about going to the conservation park?

They are offering free guided tours today.

Jo: Great. 3) Wtry not ask Tom if he wants to come,too?

Beth: 4) Good thinking. I'll give him a call.

Jo: I have an idea! 5) Why don't we walk instead ofdriving there?

Beth: 6) That's an excellent idea!

li,

7a,t,,.a.a

i

I

I'

r,r@gq&@ry@ryrysryfffr€{sffil@@i98' ***$$9!' qe'r

1 7

Writing (an e-mail

Getting started

asking for information)

iclosing j

date/entries

Sam is thinking about volunteeringfor a fun run that will help raisemoney for endangered species.When he saw the advertisementbelow he took some notes. Usingthe phrases below, turn the notesinto sentences, as in the example.

. Could you please.let me know ...o I would be grateful if you could . ..o I am interested in finding out (if) ...r I would like to know (iflwhethed .,.r I would appreciate it if you could ,..1 lwauld like to knaw how lanq the

race ts.2 Could you please let me know

what t ime the fun run starts?3 | am interested in finding out

when the closing date for entriests.

4 | would appreciate it if youcould tel l me if there is anentrv fee.

How

long/

i raCe?

Let's look closer

2 Read the e-mail Sam wrote to Ms Hill asking for additional information. Fill in the paragraph plan withthe headings and then answer questions 1-3.

. closing remarks . asking for information

Why has the writer started off with Dear Ms Hill? Could he sign off with Yours faithfully or Bestwishes? Why?Has the writer covered all the points? Underline the relevant phrases/sentences.

Has the writer asked questions not meniioned in the notes?

,|

2

31 8

Deon Ms Hi[

@t " interested in toking pont in the Endongened Species Fun

Run, ond I uould be gruteful if gou could give me some

infonmqtion ond send me on entry for.m.

it if uou could tell me houl

the ruce is ond ulhot Ume it stqnts. I urould olso like to

knou if there is on entry fee qnd urhen the closing dqte f

entnies is.

@fnonf gou in qdlvonce fon goun qssistqnce. I look fortrqrd to

heoring from gou.

Vours sincerelg,

Som Mqttheurs

Introduction(Para l) Opening rernnrks, reason

for uriting

(Para 2) asking for informationabout the Fun Run

Conclusion(Para 3) closing remarks

3

Opening/Closing remarks

Mark the fol lowing opening/closing remarks with OR or CR.

1 | am wri t ing to request some

information on the Save thePanda fundraiser that I saw

advertised in this week's

edition of AnimalLovers. OR2 | look forward to hearing from

you soon. CR

3 Please write back at your

convenience with theinformation. CR

4 | saw your advert in Ecology

magazine and I would l ike to

f ind out more about your

organisat ion. OR

Formal Style

4 Change the following sentences from informal to formal.

I can't wait to hear from you

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

I want some information on Greenpeace. I would appreciatei t i f you could send me some information on Greenneace

You can cal l me on 121 017234.

I can be reached on 121 017234.l 'd be interested in applying for the environmental of f icerposit ion I would be interested in applying for theenvironmental of f icer oosi t ion.

You can get in touch with me at the address belowI can be contacted at the address below.Best wishes, You rs si ncerely,ifaithfully,

Your turn

Read the advert for the Portman Environment Agency and thenwrite a letter asking for information. Use the e-mail in Ex. 2as your model. (See Suggested Answers Section)

which

countries/

work?

whatvolunteers/do?

nowlong/traininglast?

request anapplicationform

)rertry

"x

i

I-.!

:ormal letters are sent to people inan official position or people you

don't know very wel l . They are,,vritten in a formal style with a

ool i te, impersonal tone.

You can write a formal letter torequest information, apply for a job/

course, etc

Formal style is characterised by theuse of:. advanced vocabulary

I am writing to enquire whether ...( N OT +wan++easl<if =.. )

. formal l inking words/phrases(Furthermore, However,

Secondly, etc)

Secondly, Iwould like to .... passtve volce

I can be contacted ...(NOT Yeu ean eentaet me ...)

c polite forms without contractionsI would like to apply ...(NOT(+!i*P-...)

Col loquial expressions, phrasal

verbs, idioms and short forms areNOT used in formal style.

Take abreak

Vocabulary Practice

r expiry date r saved up . turn off . rushed. warned me against . avoided . wandering. assumed . high-factor . in sight r noticed. looking fonrvard to . relieved o destination

Ps' .WW.-Wry'ffiWffia rxm ffi * # WFor those who love travelling, travelwriting sounds like a dream job.

Not only do travel writers travel for free but they also get to publish their experiences in guide books.However, as the stories below illustrate, travelwriting is no holiday!

Alma Gram&o Travel Writer for Leis Ga Guide ta lAadridIt was my third day in Madrid doing research on restaurants and cafes. As I was1) wandering around, I saw this quiet little street and I decided to2) turn off to the right. | 3) assumed that there would be more cafes, restaurants andtourists in that area but there wasn't a soul 4) in sight. Then | 5) noticed a man runningtowards me. As he ran past me, he grabbed my bag. | 6) rushed to the nearest policestation. They told me that I had been walking in the most dangerous neighbourhood inthe cityl

;ii.: : t | L :

a::.ti:a.:iili;:.,-::':.:

aa:.,-a:

r:L::::;:.;.

.;tt:l

t,:::

:l:.it

:,rtrti

:::,,:i : i . :

',,,::

,1.'''

::.

:,,,,

-i:.

ffiichard Fos&er, Travel Writerfor Lonely Planet Guide fo Chile

My publisher had 7) warned me against mountainbiking in the Torres del Paine on my own, but I didn'tlisten. I was really 8) looking forward to the challenge.The area is in a spectacular mountain range and it is

tination for ecotourism and adventure.What I didn't know was that the

weather in the mountains canchange unexpectedly atnight. So, although I had10) saved up to buy

expensive bike equipment, Ihadn't thought about buying the

appropriate clothes. lt was so cold thatnight I nearly froze. In the morning, I woke upexhausted and ill but 11)relieved that lwas alive!

Ssm&a K8nam, Travel WriterIar Afnca Student Guide to Egypt

When you ghoose a tropical or a subtropical' 12)resort, you must be careful. Check any information

available on the area that you can lay your hands on.This may 13)reveal potential problems that you maynot have considered. My story shows that some travelproblems can be 14) avoided bydoing simple things. Thingsl ike wearing a(n) 15)high-

factor sun cream or, in mycase, checking the16) expiry date on an anti-mosquito lotion. On my firstnight in Cairo, I applied the lotionwithout checking. As a result, I was bitten by aninfected rnosquito and ended up in hospitall

',20

2 Match the words then use the phrases to fill inthe gaps in sentences 1-8.

Underl ine thecorrect word.

Where do we check i4/off for our flight to

Moscow?

She stood on the ship's deck/port and waved

to her family

We are planning to go on a cruise/ferry to

the Aegean ls lands this summer.

4 Can you give me a lltVboot to the train

station, please?

5 ls this the right platform/compartment for

the 3:15 train to London?

6 The hotel offers disabled/wheelchair facilities.

7 You'd be better off booking your tickets through

a reputable/rural travel company.

8 We would like to apologise for anyinconvenience/warn i ng ca used.

9 Paul lost his temper/mood when the car rannr r t nf notrn l

10 There was a very long queue/boarding at the

counter.

Phrasal verbsComplete with the appropriate phrasalverb.

Could you give me a lift to the port?

Could you drop me off at the port?

Some air l ines cheat people by charging them

too much for tickets.

Some air l ines r ip people off by charging themtoo much for tickets.

Lisa said goodbye to Brian at the train station.Lisa waved Brian off at the train station.

On our way to Paris, we stayed for a little

wh i le in Ca la is .

On our way to Paris we stopped off in Calais.They started on their journey to America full

of hope and opt imism.

They set off for America full of hope andopt imism.

When the plane lef t the ground, we got real ly

excited.

When the plane took off we got really excited.

TTTdII2-fblFt-f-]t4T0-1fsTa-]reT"lFT'-]lE-th-1

rental a

buffet b

boarding c

birth d

travel e

roao f

rush Iroom h

tnsurance

car

hour

company

mappass

certificate

servrce

1 The car broke down so we had to call theiental company for a replacement.

2 You will need a copy of your birth certificate

in order to get a new passport.

3 You' l l get a boarding pass at the air l ine's

check-in counter

4 This train has an excellent buffet car.

5 We will not be able to find our way to that

beach without a road map.

6 You should always buy travel insurance

before going abroad.

7 During the morning rush hou; the trains arepacked with people.

8 The hotel offers room service.

Fill in with the correct preposition.

1 Today, I am going to work on foot.

2 Do you enjoy travelllng by train?

3 When getting off a train, you must mind the gap

between the train and the olatform.

4 Keep walking towards that gate. The ticket

office is on your left.

5 The plane is boarding at gate 25.

Complete the idioms.

1 | am hoping that Mary and John wi l l return

home safe and sound. (unharmed)

2 Now and agaln I go to Claridge's for my

afternoon tea. (occasionally)

3 l'm afraid we can't oick and choose. We can

only afford a cheap hotel. (choose selectively)

4 She lives in the countryside. She can't stand

the hustle and bustle of London. (very busy

and noisy)

5 When Lisa lost her job we had to scrimp and

save for a year. (spend very little money)

6

]al

on)n.tayvel

4

an

21

Grammar in UseUsed to I Would

Fill in the gaps with used to, would or both.

1 | used to travel a lot when I lived in America

2 Betty used to be a hotel receptionist before

she joined J&J Company

3 We used to love travelling by boat but nowrn ro n ro fa r t r : r ra l l i nn, J 0y p rane

4 Before she met her husband. she used to

travel alone.

5 As students. we used to/would take short

weekend breaks to London.

6 They used to go away two or three times

a year. but now they are too old to travel

7 When Brian was younger. he used to/would

stay with his grandparents every summer.

8 In the winter we used to/would go on ski

tr ios to Austr ia or Switzer land.

Read the extract from a story and put theverbs in brackets into the pastsimple or the pdsf

continuous.

Join the sentences usinE the pastperfectand

the words in brackets, as in the example.

1 She broke her leg She cancelied her trip (after)

After she had broken her ieg. sne co.ncelled her triys.

2 She arrived in London. All her friends left for

Edinburgh (by the time) By the time she arrived

in London, all her friends had left for Edinburgh.

3 Sarah went white-water raft ing. She did a

training course. (before) Sarah had done a

training course before she went white-water

raftrng

4 l t started raining. They reached the airport .(already . . . when) l t had already started

raining when they reached the airport .

5 Miriam arrived at the port The ship left. (by

the t ime) By the t ime Mir iarh arr ived at the

oort the shio had lef t

Read the situations and make sentences fromthe words in brackets.

1 | was very trred when I arrived home.(l/work/hard all day)

lhad been working hard a{lday"

2 The two boys came into the house. They had

a football and they were both very tired.(they/play/football) They had been playing

footbal l

3 There was nobody in the kitchen but there

was a smel l of burnt food.(somebody/cook) Somebody had been cooking.

4 Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was

frightened and didn't know where she was.(she/dream) She had been dreaming.

5 When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of

the TV. His clothes were covered in oaint.(he/paint/the room)

He had been paint ing the room.

Word Formation

Use the prefixes un-, ini mis-, over-, dis- to formnegative adjectives. Then, use them tocomplete the sentences (1-5).

(un)friendly (ovedpopulated(un)comfortable {in)convenient(mis)informed

He is a s -':":ed boss because he is^ t , , - - - ^ - - - -d t \ J c , : a - : = -

Ca:-:= i ; - : .= ' : rc.r lated ci ty in India.

3

4

2

5

snd the BoneThe

One day, a dog 1)was walking (walk) over a br idge

carrying a bone in his mouth When the dog

2) looked (look) down into the water, he 3) saw(see) his own reflection and 4) thought (think) it

was another dog carrying a bone. lmmediately the

dog 5) started (start) barking at the 'other' dog

because he 6) wanted (want) his bone. As he

7) was barking (bark), the dog 8) dropped (drop)

his own bone into the river. The bone was lost and

the dog 9) learned ( learn) the lesson that when you

wish for more than you have, you risk losing

everyrn I ng.

22

3 Wigs are hot and uncomfortable to wear.

4 He arrived at a very inconvenient moment.

5 The taxi driver was rude and unfriendlv.

Complete the exchanges by putting the verbsin brackets into the pastsimple, pastcontinuous,post perfect or past perfect continuous.

1 A :B :

2 A .B :

3 A :B :

5 A :

B :

Did Tonia go out (Tonia/go out)?

Yes, she did (do). She had been studying(study) in her room for hours so shedecided (decide) to take a break.

How long had Tim been looking (Tim/look)

for a job before he was hired at the

National Gal lery?

Well, he had just graduated (usVgraduate)

from college when he was called for an

interview.

Why was Andrea so stressed?

She had been typing (type) her essay on

the computer al l morning when i t suddenlycrashed (suddenly/crash).

6 A :

7 A :

B :

How was (be) your tr ip to Berl in?

Great! We did (do) a lot of s ightseeing andmet (meet) some really interesting people.

How did you break (you/break) your arm?

I was hiking (hike) in the Black Forest

in Freiburg and I tripped (trip) over a rock.

Did you see (you/see) Claudia at the party?

No, we didn' t . By the t ime we arr ived(arrive), she had already left (already/

leave).

A: When did you realise (you/realise) thatyou had taken (take) the wrong train?

B: I had just ordered (just/order) dinner in 7

the buffet car when I heard (hear) the

announcement,

A: Linda looked (look) so upset when I saw

ner.

B: I know. She had been crying (cry) all day.

She lost (lose) her dog in the park thismorn tng .

A: Did Nicole leave (Nicole/leave) her job atthe bookshoo?

B: Yes, she had been working (work) there

since 1999 and she felt (feel) it was time

to move on.

A: By the time I was 27, I had saved (save)

enough money to buy a car.

B: Real ly? | was 31 when I bought (buy) myfirst car. I had been working (work) very

hard for years before I had (have) all the

money.

A: Why were you so late this morning?

B: I had been driving (drive) my car for twenty

minutes when I got (get) a flat tyre and had(have) to call road service.

A. What's the problem?

B: They were trying (try) to fix the machine

for hours yesterday but it is stil l broken.

Sentence transformationsComplete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 When we were at university, John and I wouldwork on a fishino boat in the summer.When we were at university, John and I used

to work on a f ishing boat in the summer.When he graduated, he started working as atravel agent in Madrid.

He started working as a travel agent inMadrid after he had graduated.

As I was getting ready to leave, Monicawalked in.

I was getting ready to leave when Monica

walked in.

John and I have been together for 25 years.

John and I have been together since that day25 years ago.

After living in Spain for twenty years, wecame to London.

Before we came to London, we had beenl iv ing in Spain for twenty years.

1 0

1 1

1 2

B :

23

Look at the text in each question. What does it say? Mark the correct letter A, B, or C.

NEVER LEAVELUGGAG E

UNATTENDED

You must take your luggage with you on theplane.

You mustn' t leave without taking your

luggage with you.

ilr.!;:tt:.:

l:llll':,'

/ a \ . ,(9) You must keep your luggage with you at all

Subscribe to our travel newsletter andreceive exclusive offers, previews and

giveaways by e-mail every week.

.-.@rffiMr!9.t\Yq.)83

A You must subscribe to our newsletter in oroerto receive offers, previews etc.

B You have to subscribe to the newsletter everyWCCK.

Teach Engl ish abroadTeaching experience not necessary

Rent-free accom modationCompetit ive salary

-:"='i'-tli irri.". ,"..n ns experience you can

teach Engl ish abroad($) You can teach English abroad without having

teaching experience.C When you teach Engl ish abroad you must

have teaching experience

A Laura can book her f l ight in her own t ime.B Laura must book Leonie's flioht as soon as

possible.

@ tt is possible to receive offers etc, if you

subscribe to the newsletter.

Call us now if you are between lB-30:@rqlwry.rye.r1rtgi*f

ryrKt,l

A You can get bargain prices if you are over 30B You must be a student to get bargain prices.

@ Vou must be between 18 and 30 to get

bargain pr ices

@ Laura must hurry up and book her f l ight assoon as possible.

LSsT, STMLEhI MR TUISSINGITfigVIs IVl{JsT HE REP*RTED

TS T'hIE DHPARTMHNTffiF PI.'BI.IC SAFETY AT TI-IE

AIRPffiRT.

Lost, stolen or missing items must be leftwhere they are.Lost, stolen or missing items must be takento the Department of Public Safety.

@ Anything lost, stolen or missing must be

24

reported to the Department of Public Safety

Listening & SpeakingBooking tickets 3

You will hear a conversation between twofriends, one of whom is complaining about atelephone booking. Decide if each sentence iscorrect or incorrect. lf it is correct, tick (/) YES.lf it is incorrect, tick (./) NO.

YES NO

1 Lucy spent an hour on the phone

trying to book a flight to Edinburgh.

2 The travel agent was polite.

3 The travel agent kept saying how

busy he was.

4 The travel agent hadn't heard about

the British Airways half-price offer.

5 Lucy cried on the phone.

6 Lucy didn't book her ticket in the

end.

Z =

Z E

Complaining

Choose the correct response.

1 A: I wasn't satisfied with the room service. lt

wasn't efficient at all.

a:@ t do apologise, s ir .

b How can I help you?

2 A: How did you find the room?

n: @ n was dirty and the view was awfu..

b I d idn ' t .

3 A: What was wrong with your camping

hol iday?

A:@ t t was no t what I had in mind .

b The campsite was good enough.

4 A: I didn' t l ike the coach tr ip.

B: a So what do you want us to do?

@ wnat was the problem?

5 A: Excuse me, the sheets in our room have

not been changed.

B: a What do vou mean?

@ t'r sorry. l ' l l send someone up

n =E Z

Travel Information

Use the sentences to complete the dialogue.

Good morning, Travel Bookings.

l) How can I help you?

I'd like information on ferry tickets to

Calais, please.

2) When would you like to travel, sir?

Tuesday morning. I would like a one way

ticket, please.

3) Just a moment,I'll check. The ferry

leaves at 7:15 in the morning and then

every half hour after that until I I:00 at

night.

Sor4r, did you say 7:I5?

4) Yes, that's right.

Could you tell me how long the journey

is?

Yes.5) It takes around 75 minutes, sir.

And how much does it cost, please?

It's $35.

Great. 6) I would like a ticket for the 8:15

ferry, please.

a

a

a

a

a

a

Yes, that's rightWhen would you like to travelJust a moment, l ' l l checklwould l ike a t icketHow can I help youIt takes around 75 minutes

A:

B:

A:

B:

A:

V Zr E

A:

B:

A:

B:

A:

B:

immediately.

2 5

Writing (a story 1st person narrative)

Getting started

Read the rubric. What is the story about? Who is the story about?The story is aboutlthe best holiday l've ever had. The story is about me

You work at a teen magazine. The editor has askedyou to write a short story entitled,The best holiday I've ever had,

Let's look closer

2 Read the story and complete the paragraph plan with the headings: climaxevents, events in sequence, what happened in the end/feelings.

i::::'Ai::M :ffi#.# g'1': rr)':'''i:':' *ru,mw

W W" were all in good spirits after spending the whole summercamping in Europe. ltaly was our final destination and we weresetting up camp for the very last time. We were staying at a fantasticcampsite, big trees shaded our tent. At night you could hear voiceshappi ly chatt ing in the darkness and insects buzzing in the trees.

@ One evening, we decided to go to a traditional ltalianrestaurant. We had been cooking for ourselves most nights, so itseemed like a real treat to have someone prepare our meal for us.Everyone got dressed up in their best clothes and we headed offtowards the town. The food was delicious. We tucked into all kindsof pasta, pizzas andjuicy fresh fish dishes. Then, after we'd finisheoeat ing there was a special dancing demonstrat ion by some of thelocals. We clapped and cheered as they whir led around the dancefloor. Then, they made us have a go. No one was very good but wehad a great time trying to get the moves right.

fu Wnen the music finally stopped we noticed that everything in therestaurant was shaking from side to side. "Quickl Get under the tables.It's an earthquake," shouted one of the waiters. We hadn't noticed theground moving before as we had been concentrating on dancingl

W W" were trembling with fear by the time the earthquake wasover. lt only lasted a minute, but it seemed like much longer. Luckily,no one was injured and the restaurant wasn't damaged, apart froma few broken plates and glasses. One thing is certain though, myfr iends and I wi l l a lways remember the night when our dancingnearly brought the house down !

, , , , t , : r : I r ,

LinkersLink the sentences. Use the words in brackets in the correct tense. (See suggested Answers section)

1 The journey ended. We got off the boat. (as soon as)2 The boat was sai l ing. We were eat ing ice-cream on the deck. (whi le)3 | was driving. I heard a loud noise. (when)

4 The plane hi t some turbulence. The pi lot made an announcement (after)5 | booked my flight. I looked at travel websites on the Internet. (as soon as)

rlti

r"i!

3

Introduction(Para 1) set tbe scene(wbo, wben, ubere, wbat)

(Pata 2) events in sequence

Conclusion(Pan 4) what happened in theend / nar rator's feelings

26

4 Read the extract below and underline the correct past tense.

As I tl was driving/had drove home, it 2f started/wasstarting to rain. Suddenly the road 3f was becoming/became'rery slippery. Then, out of nowhere a dog 4f 1an/was running outln front of the car. The dog 5l had disappeareO/aisep@9.jiom view and | 6) was slammed/slammed on the brakes.L t t ck i | y , | 7 } l ea rnea@howtod r i ve indangerousconditions and | 8f was stopping/gletped very quickly. As Igl got/was getting out of the car, the dog l0| was wagging/

Eggg! his tail. He was absolutely fine.

Techniques to begin your story

Match the beginnings of thestories to the endings and saywhich techniques have beenused in each one.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

Beginnings

"Don't walk under a

ladder. l t 's bad luck." my

granny used to say.

I2-tal Why. for no reason at all,do you feel scared when

you walk into some rooms?

A

An interest ing beginning is as important as an interest ing ending.An interesting beginning will catch the reader's attention and

make him/her want to cont inue reading. A good ending wi l l

make him/her feel satisfied.You can STARTyour story by:a) using your senses to set the scene and describe the weather,

atmosphere, surroundings or people's actions to create mystery

or susoense.

| rysulrj ke*r rfu winti hautilng *r*u*d me.lt vtr;s quite S6vllfost night

and it frlt strs,nqe t* br *ut in the v'tiklern*ss all #"1*n*"

b) using direct speech.'Always !a*k rsn rk€ briqht side r;{ li{e, kids,' f'Ar Frisb*in used t* rcll us.

c) asking a rhetorical question. i.e. a question that does not

reoutre an answer.

Hcve y*u ever frave.llerj hy truln *fi {t w#rm suntmer night"?

d) addressing the reader directly.

I *r* surey*u ul{ kn{}vs'wh*t a barga!n is.

e) referring to your feelings or moods.

lw*s erheusted betcuse lh*d b*en sharspinq sll{}{ternoor:.

Techniques to end your story

It was so quiet, I could hear

my stomach rumbling. We

were all lylng on the floor

as the bank robbers took

the money.

Endings

The man behind the

counter had saved us all

with his bravery. We were

all extremely grateful.

I of ten think back and

laugh to myself. I met my

husband because he

dropped a pot of paint on

me whi le he was paint ing

a window frame. Just as

wel l l 'm not superst i t ious!

I can stil l hear the words

of the fortune tel ler and

shudder to myself."Beware the house of the

r is ing sun," she had said.

Your turn

Your editor at University Magazinehas asked you to write a storyentitled The happiest day of my life(80-100 words). Use Ex. 2 as yourmodel and try to make yourstory interesting by using thetechniques mentioned above.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

6

You can end your story by:a) using direct speech.

'lts gaing t* be *ll right,' .juhn sa,iC t* me.b) referring to your feelings or moods.

We were trembling"tvith fe.nr hut we were happy t* be sliv*"c) asking a rhetorical question.

', 1l/hy does it shwuys ha't* r* bt s* rltfffrulr?'

I d) describing people's reactions to/feelings about the eventsi developed in the main body.

I Uy fnt*er hnd beramc the hera *f the rlay and !was extremely 'pr**r} a{1 " .I ntffi"

ron)

27

Live andlearn

Vocabulary PracticeEducation

Fill in the gaps with the words below.

. ordinary . well-behaved

. rely on r l i fe changrng

. improved . value

. commented . compulsory

. of its kind . treat

. respect o instruct

Summerhill schoolis not a(n)1) ordinary school.Also known asthe only'freeschool' 2) of itskind in the UK,Summerhill is allabout freedom. AtSummerhill lessons are not3) compulsory. lf a pupil doesn't like maths, heor she can choose not to go to classes. That ofcourse doesn't mean that a pupil can always doas he or she likes. There are 190 rules atSummerhill and one of the first things teachers4) instruct children to do is to 5) treat eachother with 6) respect. As a result, pupils are7) well-behaved and 8) value good manners.Pupils say that studying at Summerhill can be9) life changing.'Learning to 10) rely onourselves to make decisions is something thatwe wouldn't learn in an ordinary school,'11) commented fourteen-year-old pupil JoWhitley. Parents are also enthusiastic.'Summerhill has 12) improved our daughters'manners said one of them.'lt is a great school!'

t +*. "o,-+r".**q,.

"4,.,*,-"' *-%hq\,sq*Mj+is,\@.+s,+6asre+\q.qo,q.p,#"% !@ td@r.h4'

2 Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 nursery, secondary hlg-. ::iD*fi€etiol:K2 @et(v, gym, library ac3 private, primary p}ftE{r, state4 headmaster; head teachel tutor, bu*€5 certificate, diploma, degree, amb€@n6 seminar, lecture, class, D:(7 classmates, pupils, students, 5!{s

Match the words in the columns then usethem to fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

3

social

enrol

h ighgooo

school

payrng

pflvare

playing

a attention

b subjects

c school

d on a course

e situations

f marksg manners

h fields

Many people do not know how to behave incertain social situations.

I think l ' l l enrol on a course to improve myGerman.

There's a great variety of school subjects onoffer at Eton.

Schools that teach good manners havebecome very popular in recent years.

Gett ing high marks in al l subjects wi l l helpyou get an interview at Oxford or Cambridge.Poppy was not paying attention in class soshe couldn't answer any of the professor's

0ue$rons.

Charlotte studies at a(n) private school inSwitzerland.

8 All new students to St Paul's School wereshown the library, classrooms and playingf ields

t]]-ell-zfd-lFl-ftFTgItrTb-]reTrlrrFttrTF]

28

64 Use the words in bold to rewrite the sentencesusing the correct idiom.

Sonia has learned the ooem so well that she

can remember it without having to read it.

heart Sonia has learned the poem by heart .

I won't make the same mistake aqain because

I have learned from it.

lesson I won't make the same mistake again

because I have learned my lesson.

I only met Tessa a month ago but I feel like .

know her extremely well.

book I only met Tessa a month ago but I can

read her l ike a book.

I had no idea that Brian's oarents are world

famous-writers. I guess, I learn a new thing

every dayl

l ive I had no idea that Br ian's parents are

world famous writers I quess vou live

and learn !

Word Formation 7

Use the suffixes to form nouns from the wordsin the list. Use the nouns to complete thesentences.

Circle the correct word.

1 susanna graduatedl@on a new coursein Child Psychology.

Students at Harvard University study long hours

and have a very demanding schedule/@

Paul graduated with a course/ @ in

Engineering from McGill University.

4 ril""n *ur@/relied by her teachers

5

6

7

to apply to medical school.

We attended u@/esson on Maths.

rfreCdelAtiib/close for the essay is Monday.

A teacher/(Jtdbgives Andrew private lessons

every Friday evening.

8 My brother Patrick is learning/@for a

degree in Science

9 Tina *.t@/dropped by bullies atschool.

1o tt comments/@to be seen whether thiswill be beneficial.

Complete with the correct preposition.

1 She sooke with her mouth full of food.

2 Robert always gets the blame for whatever

bad happens in class.

3 Mrs Sul l ivan is very popular with al l her

students.

4 She grew up valuing good manners.

5 Her brother studies at Bristol Universitv.

Phrasal verbs

Fill in: fake, let, go, break, settle in the correctform.

1 A: You shouldn't be upset about coming

second in the race.

B: I know but I feel that I have let everyone

0own

2 A: How did she react to the news?

B: She broke down and cr ied.

3 A: I took your number down incorrectly.

Could you repeat it for me, please?

B: Of course. lt 's 212 015694.

4 A: House prices are not as high this year.

B: Yes, they have gone down by 15o/o.

5 A: All the housework has been done and the

children have left for school.

B. Good, now I can settle down to my

wri t ing.

8tn

ny

3lp

SO

)r's

-or' \ € # t !

. dance . collect o piano

. examine . operate

. music . organise

. comedy . create

. perform

1 Russian ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev was

born in 1938 and d ied in 1993.

2 The telephone in Mr Perkins's office is always

answered by the operator.

3 Rupert Montague is a great collector of

French 1 9th century paintings. He has over 50

of them.

4 British comedian Rowan Atkison, also known

as Mr Bean, is very popular in Japan.

5 Meredith Brown is the organiser of many

international art exhibitions.

6 Arthur Conan Doyle is the creator of Sherlock

Holmes.

7 The pianist gave a fine performance of

Beethoven's 'Moonl ight Sonata' .

8 A(n) perfomer is a person who acts or sings in

front of an audience.

t n

ereI n g

29

Grammar in UseReported speech statementsFill in: soy, tell or askin the correct form.

1 lcan' t say for sure, but l th ink Lynn is alreadylooking for a new job.

2 The teacher said he was disappointed withour exam results.

3 They said they had a wonderful t ime inCambridge:

4 And now I would like to say a few wordsabout the summer school play.

5 Laura said that she has enrol led on a creat ivewri t ing course.

6 He asked for their help but there was nothingthey could do.

7 Professor Jones promised to tell us why hehad resigned from his job.

8 She asks for favours all the time. I find it reallvannoytng.

9 "Of course, l 'm your best friend," she said to me.10 She asked (told) Tim to meet her outside the

crnema at 7:00.

Reported speech statements

Turn the following sentences into reportedspeech.

l 'm studying

very hard for

my exams.

T*m sairl {that) he vr*s srur:lying very kard {*r 'rris

{x{}m5."l studied English at Bristol University," Laurasaid. Laura said ( that) she had studied Enql isnat Bristol University.Leah said, "l have been a teacher for ten years."

Leah said (that) she has been a teacher for tenyears.

Ann said, "l was doing the gardening when itstarted raining." Ann said (that) she had beendoing the gardening when it (had)started raining"l wi l l enrol on a Music course," said Tina. Tinasaid (that) she would enrol on a Music course

6 " l am half-Engl ish, ha f- :a ran." Bob said. Bobsaid ( that) he waVis ra ' - :"9 ish, hal f- l ta l ian.

7 "We are in our second yrear of high school," saidBill and Andrew. Bill anc Fncr€w said (that) theywere/are in their second year of high school

8 "l haven't written my essay yet," said Rachel.Rachel said (that) she hadn't written her essav vet.

Reported questions/commands/orders

Turn the following sentences into reportedquestions, as in the example.

1 " ls Brian wel l -behaved?" Mrs Gardner askeo.Mrs Gsrdner asked if Brian wss vvell-behsved"

2 "Can you help me out with this Mathsproblem?" Leanor asked. Leanor asked i f Icould help her out with the Maths problems.

3 "Where is the nearest train station?" she asked.She asked where the nearest train station was

4 "Wil l you pick me up from the airport at10:00?" he asked. He asked i f I would orcrhim up from the airport at 10:00

5 "What are your plans for tomorrow?" Paulasked. Paul asked what mv 0lans were for rnenext day.

6 "Do you prefer classical music to jazz?" Danasked me. Dan asked if I preferred classicalmusic to jazz

"Are you going to universi ty in September?"Abby asked. Abby asked me if I was going touniversity in September."You'd better wake up early tomorrow," Timsaid. Tim told me that I had better wake upearly the next day"Could you lend me your car?" John said.John asked me i f I could lend him my car"Be nicer to your sisters," Mrs Baker said. MrsBaker told me to be nicer to my sisters."Clear up the mess in the l iv ing room," Zoesaid. Zoe told me to clear up the mess in thel iv ing room."Put that down," Sal ly said. Sal ly told me toput r t down."Don't be late tomorrow" Liam's boss saic.Liam's boss told him not to be late the nexr0ay.

'l4 "You must finish the report today," MrCannon sa id . Mr Cannon to ld me tha t I hadto finish the report that day.

3

2

1 0

1 1

12

1 3

30

,,rrn Turn the following text into Direct Speech.(See Suggeste_d Answers Section)

The student advisor asked Paul why he thought he

didn't do well in the exams. Paul said that therewere many reasons behind his poor performance.

Fle explained that first of all, he had a fear of exams.The student advisor asked Paul to tell him whatcaused the fear. Paul admitted that he found itdifficult to organise his time and that he didnt pay

attention in class. As a result, he always felt

u:nprepared.The student advisor suggested that Paulspend more time in the library and keep a daily

schedule ofthe things he needed to do. Paul saidthat he had always wanted to organise his time butdidn't know how to. He agreed to keep a scheduleand organise his time.The student advisor askedhim to meet with him again the following week.

"\//hy d* y*u think y*u didn't d* well in the rr;;;,;.^ie stadent advisrsr nsk*r:j Paul.

Reporting verbs

Use the verbs in the list to report thesentences.

. promise . suggest . explain . deny . ask

"Please turn down the music," Phi l ip said to

)oyce. lthilip csked J*yre ta turn down tfu rnusie" 7

"Let's go to the Picasso exhibition," Susan

said to me. Susan suggested (that) we golourgoing to the Picasso exhibi t ion.

3 "l didn't break the porcelain vase," Evelyn said.

Evelyn denied breaking the porcelain vase.4 "l will improve my manners," Jenny said. Jenny

promised (that) she would improve her manners.5 "Laura can't come to the party as she has an

exam tomorrow" lan said. lan explained(that) Laura couldn' t go to the party as shehad an exam the fol lowing day.

6 "Let's give Andy a call," said Richard. Richardsuggested (that) we give/our giving Andy a call.

7 "l will send you a postcard from Saltzburg,"

Claudia said. Claudia promised (that) shewould send me a postcard from Saltzburg

8 "This laptop is very easy to use as it is thelatest technology, " he said. He explained(that) the laptop was very easy to use as itwas the latest technoloov.

Reporting modal verbs

Tim is talking to his teacher about his lowgrades and how to improve them. Turn whatthe teacher said into reported speech.

"You will have to work harder if you want toimprove your grades," the teacher said. He saidthat Tim would have to work harder if he wanteoto improve his grades."You must organise your day more effectively,"he said. He said that Tim musVhad to orqanisehis day more effectively."A tutor can help you in the evenings," he said.He said that a tutor could helo Tim in theevenrngs."You have to spend more time in the library," hesaid. He said that Tim had to spend more time inthe library"You will have to pay more attention in class,"he said. He said that Tim would have to oav moreattention in class.

6 "You can ask me for help whenever you want,"he said. He said that llm could ask him for helpwhenever he wanted

7 "You should make a plan before you start writingyour essays," he said. He said that Tim shouldmake a plan before he started writing his essays

Sentence transformations

Complete the second sentence so that it means thesame as the first. Use no more than three rnords.

1 "Let's enrol on an evening course with lmperialCol lege," Barry said to me.Barry suggested our enrol l ing/that we enrolon an evening course with lmperial Col lege.

2 " l wi l l hand in my f inal year thesls before thedead l ine . " I sa id .

I promised that I would hand in my f inal year

thesis before the deadline.3 I wi l l never fai l my exams again. I have learned

from my mistake.

I have learned my lesson and I will never failmy exams agatn.

4 My sister disappointed our parents when shedropped out of college.

My sister let our parents down when shedropped out of college.

5 " l applied to the University of Oxford, " Mike said.Mike said that he had applied to the University ofoxford.

31

6

ReadingRead the text and choose the correct answer (A-C) for questions 1-5.

1 What is the author's main purpose in writing

the text?

A to present us with a short biography ofHelen Adams Kel ler

B to talk about the success a deaf and blind

oerson can achieve in life

C ao explain why Helen Adams Keller is suchan Insptnng person

D to describe Helen Adams Keller's personality

What would a reader learn about AnneSullivan from the text?

A She was like a sister to Helen.

@ Sfre was Helen's teacher and close friend.

C She was very close to Helen.

D She was an inspiration for Helen.

What did Helen do after she graduated from

college?

A She went to Massachusetts.

B She wrote lheSforyof myLife.

IJ elen Adams Kellerwas born in Alabama in 1880I I and died in 1968. Helen became deaf and blindafter a short childhood illness when she was 19 monthsold. In 1886, aged six, Helen was introduced to AnneSullivan, a twenty-year-old teacher who was partiallyblind. Anne was the first person to teach Helen themeaning of words. The first word that Helen learnedwas 'water' which Anne taught her by running coolwater over her palm. Anne also taught Helen how tospeak by touching the lips and throats of other people,which is known as the Tadoma method. Helen wasvery close to Anne, and called her 'Teacher'. Theyremained close friends and companions for 49 years.

In 1894, Helen and Anne moved to New York to studyat the Wright-Humason School for the Deaf. In 1898,Helen entered The Cambridge School for Young Ladiesin Massachusetts and in 1900 she was admitted to

Radcliffe College. In 1903, she wrote anautobiographical book calTed The Snry of my Life.ln1904, Helen graduated from Radcliffe College becomingthe first deaf and blind person to graduate from college.

Helen became famous all over the world as an authorand speaker and travelled to over 39 countries withAnne. Anne Sullivan died in 1936. Helen devoted therest of her life to raising funds for blind and deafpeople in America. In 1960, she published anotherbook, entitled Light in my Darkness. She died in June,1968 in Connecticut.

Helen Keller will always be remembered as anexceptional person who overcame her blindness anddeafness to achieve great things. As she always said,'The best and most beautiful things in the worldcannot be seen or even touched. Thev must be feltwithin the heart.'32

@ Shu travelled the world as an author ancsoeaKer.

D She moved to Alabama.

4 Helen was an exceptional person because/:\Q!) she managed to achieve great things.B she was the first blind and deaf oerson to

write a book.

C she was the first blind and deaf oerson tograduate from college.

D she raised funds for blind and deaf people inAmerica.

5 Which is the best description of Helen?

travelled

blindness and deafness to achive great things

B la bl ind and deaf author whoover 39 countries

C lan except ional bl ind woman whoer and author

a gifted blind and deaf author and speaker

Listening & SpeakingEvening Courses

You will hear information regardingevening courses. Fill in the missing informationin the numbered spaces.

THE EVENING COLLEGE

offers evening 1) language courses.

ENROLL TODAY AND SAVE T2O

COURSES on offer: French, ltalian, 2) Spanish,Greek and 3) Portuguese

All our 4) teachers are native speakers with aminimum of 4 years' 5) teaching expeTience.

Courses start in 6) September and consist of atotal of 28 lessons.

Enrollment: Up until 7) August 31st

Tel:02072240714e-mail: language@evening college.co.uk

Polite requests - agreeing/disagreeing

Circle the correct sentence.

1 A: a Can you give me your dictionary?

@ Could I borrow your dictionary?

B: Yes. of course.

A: Could you please help me with the Scienceproject?

B: a Yes, you could.

@ ves, certainly.

A: Could you give me a lift to the shops, please?

B: a Actual ly, I prefer walking.

@ Sorry, l 'm not taking the car.

Telephone etiquette

Complete the telephone conversation with thesentences below.

. Who is speaking, please

. l ' l l just get him for you

. Would you like to leave a message

. How can I help you

. Great. l'd appreciate it

Good moming. National Gallery.

I) How can I help you?

Hello! May I speak to Mr Byrne, please?

2) Who is speaking please?

This is Helena Bell, Mr BynTe's sister.

One moment, Mrs Bell. 3) I'll just get him

for you.

Thankyou.

Im afraid IMr Byrne is not answering hisphone. 4) Wouldyou like to leave a message?

Yes, thank you. Could you please ask

him to call me?

Of course. I'll make sure Mr BynTe gets

the message.

5) Great. I'd appreciate it.

;;t" ' - lnqs I- l

.lI

- : t

lm__.1 B:

A:B:A:

B:A:

B:

A:

an. I nring)ge.

lhorwiththe

leafther[ng,

anand;aid,orldfelt

Could you lend me f 10?

@ t'* afraid I can't. I only have f5 in my

wallet.

b Actually, I don't do that.

3 A:@ Would you mind handing out the

photocopies, please?

b Hand out the photocopies, now.

l'm afraid I can't. Mrs Sounders asked to

see me in her office.

Writing (a for-and-against essay)

Getting started

Read the rubric and underline the key words. Think of reasons for and against boarding schools andcomplete the spidergrams.

o' Your teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the positive and neoative aspects of going to$a.board ingschoo| .Wr i teyoures5ay.*pt . in ingwhat i t ls l i t .@schoo|mostofY the year.

moreindependent

students

excellent morefaci l i t ies expenStve

chi ldren feelvery lonely

pupi ls are encouraged totake part in many act iv i t ies

Ipupi ls from poorer

famil ies feel insecure

Let's look closer

2 a' Read the essay below and complete the paragraph plan with the headings. How many of your ideascan you find in the essay? (ss,own answers)' advantages & justifications/example5 r youf opinion . disadvantages & justifications/examples

@w flore and more parents today choose to sendtheir chi ldren to boarding school. But whereas somechildren enjoy the experience, others find it difficultand unpleasant. So, what really are the advantagesand disadvantages of boarding schools?

@ There are certain advantages to attending aboarding school. To start with, pupils learn to relyon themselves and make their own decisions. As a

.result , they become more independent.Furthermore, boarding schools have excellentfacilities such as swimming pools, theatres andcinemas and pupi ls are encouraged to take part in

, InOh! activities.

@ llowever, living in a boarding school has its" disadvantages. The main drawback is that childrenfeel very lonely when they are separated from theirparents and other family members. Also, themajority of boarding school students come fromwealthy families. As a result, pupils from poorerfamilies might feel insecure or isolated.

W ln conclusion, going to boarding school has itsadvantages and disadvantages. I believe thatparents should research and discuss the pros and

'cons to determine if boarding schools are right fortheir chi ldren and family

b. Underline the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs of the essay. Can you think of alternativeones? (See Suggested Answers Section)

(Para 2) advantages

(Para 3) disadvantages

Conclusion(Pan 4) vour opinion

34

:or-and-against' essays are one type of discursive' , rr t ing in which you discuss the advantages/: sadvantages of a specific topic. A 'for-and-against'

=.say should consist of :' an introduction in which you present the topic,--aking a general remark about i t wi thout giv ing

l . i r optnton;

: a main body in which you present the points for:-d against, in separate paragraphs, support ing

,, 3.r r a rgu ments with j ustifications/examples;: a conclusion which includes your opinion (e.9. ln'r^y opinion/view, I believe/think, etc) or a balanced-irmmary of the topic.r You must not include opinion words ( l bel ieve, I:^ ink, etc) in the introduct ion or the main body.3pinion words can be used in the f inal paragraph,. ' , rere you may state your opinion.n'For-and-against ' essays are normal ly wri t ten inlformal style; therefore you should ,avoid using;trong language (l know, I am sure, etc), shorti : l tences, col loquial expressions or idioms.r Du can f ind this type of wri t ing in art ic les,- :wspapers, magazines, etc.

Linkers

Replace the linkers in bold in the essay withthe following. (See Suggested Answers Section)

r To conclude . Firstly . In additionr For this reason o On the other hand. Consequently . 1t71or.ou.r

Techniques to begin or end your essay

r'c attract the reader's interest and make thebeginning or ending of your essay more effective,

/ou can use some of the fol lowing techniques:

a include a rhetorical question

Is it true that a great teacher can change your life?

b address the reader directly

lf you are potient and caring, you will have more

chances of becoming a great teacherc include a quotation (i.e. a sentence or phrase

taken from a book, play, etc). When we use aquotation, it is necessary to mention the name

of the person who said/wrote it.

As G.K Chesterton said, 'Education is simfly the soul of

a society as it passes from one generation to another'

Read the extracts below and say which arebegi;rnings and which are endings. Thenidentify the writing technique(s) that has/havebeen used in each. (See Suggested Answers Section)

Have you ever thought how many toxic andchemical substances are to be found in ourshampoos, deodorants and creams? According to

a recent statistic. 98o/o of the toiletries we use arevery dangerous to our health. So. does that mean

that we should stop using toi letr ies al together?

In my opinion, there are many points against

diet ing. Besides, as Cyri l Connoly said, 'The oneway to get thin is to re-establ ish a purpose in l i fe. '

More and more people today choose not to have

chi ldren. Most people think that a l i fe without

chi ldren must be terr ibly lonely. but is that real ly

the case? Having no chi ldren has both i ts

advantages and disadvantages.

To sum up, I believe there are more advantages than

disadvantages to travelllng abroad. After all, if you

don't travel and expose yourself to different cultures,you will shut yourself off from the rest of the world.As St. Augustine said, 'The world is a book, andthose who do not travel read only one page.'

Your turn

a. Use the ideas below to discuss the pros andcons of studying in a foreign country. Useappropriate linkers.' (See Suggested Answers Section)

Pros. exoerience different culture. become more ooen and tolerant. make new friends of different nationalitiesJustificationo learn the history, customs, language, etc

expand horizons. accent that ncoole are different and have

different customs, beliefs, etc. become international and cosmopolitanCons. miss family/friends. difficult to adapt to new way of lifeo spend a lot of time on your own, without

emotional support from family. new customs completely different to yours

b. Use your answers in Ex. 5a to write your essay(120-150 words). (See 5uggested Answers Section)

4

/e)n)

35

Weird &wonderful

Vocabulary Practice

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.

o countless . horn . popular . haunting. killing . mythical . speed r protectr treasures . deaths

fi eople have always loved myths andl l4

lL throughout history there have beenllcountless stories about dragons, unicorns andother 2f mythical creatures. Some myths are aboutbeautiful sirens that pull sailors to their 3| deaths withtheir 4l haunting songs. Others are about brave men5| killing dragons who watch over priceless 6f treasures.Then there are those about the unicorn with its white coat and its magical 7f horn. In the Mediterranean and theMiddle East there are other stories of griffins withthe sight and 8f speed of eagles and whose job it was to 9) protectriches. Each and every country in the world has its own set of myths that have been passed down from generation to

generation and which continue to be l0f popular with children and adults today,

2 Circle the correct word.

1 Some mythical creatures *.r. (6-rriE) Iunaffected to any poison.Ancient G reek gods *ere6moFdD/va I uableIn Greek mythology the Sphinx would killthose who could not solve her(iiici'le) lpuzzle.The Hydra's nine heads *ere @lpointed to a long neck.

5 Giants were@/scared by people becausethey were cruel and mean creatures.

6 The Sirens would sing songs tricking sailorsinto€t6EEDVdriving their ships to rocks.

7 Some people were movingl@*ith fearas the giant entered the village.The sailors @l.t'attered their feet intime to the music of the Sirens.As the children approached the cave, the dragonknocteal(6wnEd.

23

10 thunder(ffrbiEclyrattled over the dark forestsand mountains.

Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 petrified, terrified, *nau@, frightened2 ecstatic, sFedy, pleased, happy3 surprised, ifu*6nt, shocked, amazed4 chattering, shaking, r$*i(9, trembling5 rlfih, sphinx, centaur, hydra6 strength, courage, powel tFs(e7 lDn€n, vast, gigantic, huge8 mean, nasty, bad, sffi

4 Fill in the correct preposition.

Tom trembled with fear when he saw theghost.

There was no escape from the dangers lyingahead.

36

4

5

We were all surprised at how brave andfearless she was.

The hero died from a sword wound.Chris gasped with horror at the sight of thegiant bear.

She was so happy she was smiling from ear toE O t .

7 He was as white as a sheet after theearthouake.

8 Lauren is fond of ancient Greek myths.9 Paul has a collection of science fiction books.

10 The Sphinx is associated with ancient Greece.

Fill in: frightened the life out of , live in fear of , 7scored to death of, fight to the death.

1 A: How did Laura f ind the horror f i lmTB: She didn' t l ike i t at al l . t t f r iqhtened the l i fe

out of her.

2 A: Are you coming with us to the snake shopon Sunday?

B: l 'm afraid. I can' t come. I am scared todeath of snakes.

Paul loves his chi ldren dearly, doesn't he?Yes, he would fight to the death to protect

them.

Life in Sierra Leone is very dangerous.I know. People live in fear of losing theirlives.

Circle the correct answer.

7 We could hear the floorboards from theupsta i rs f la t . . . . . . . . . . .

@ creaking B rumbling C cracklrng

8 lt was so cold my teeth were ... . . . . . . . .

@ chattering B crackling C creaking

9 The f ire was al l nioht.

@ crackl ing

10 Body languageranguage.

@ verbal B voice C speaking

ldioms

Fill in the the correct word.

1 He had to sweat blood to become amult imi l l ionaire.

2 Her arrogant behaviour makes my blood boil.3 | might fight with my brother but we love

each other to bits. As they say, blood is thickerthan water.

4 The poor animal was ki l led in cold blood.5 Don't expect to get any information from

Susanna. lt 's like getting blood out of a stone.

Fill in: petrified, delighted, bored, shocked.

1 We were all delighted to hear the good news.2 I can't watch TV all day; I get so bored.3 Jane was petrified when she saw the snake.4 The people were shocked when they heard

about the plane crash.

Phrasal verbs

Fill in come, pull, get, hand, toke, in the correcttense.

1 The taxi driver pulled over to the side of theroao.l 've read in the newspaper that a Spanishcompany will take over British Airways.Jane handed over a letter of apology to lan.What has come over her? She is actinq sostrangely!

It took him years to get over his parents'

divorce.

B firing C rattling

is as important as

reot:o

3 A :B :

4 A :B :

1 The strong wind

since this morning.

A cont inual ly

C cont inuing

has been blowing

@ continuously

8

6

9

@ t r v C laid

3 Liam's behaviour is out of

B test @ control

on the floor

A l ied

A check

I love this part of town. lt me of Paris.

@ reminds B remembers C informs

The dust up in a cloud around us.

@ rose B risen C raised

The wind was. . . . . . . . . . and the leaves were

A ratt l ing .. . howling @howling ... rustl ing

34

he

ng

C howling . . . rat t l ing37

Grarnmar in UseRelative clauses

Use relative pronouns/adverbs to completethe sentences 1-6with phrases from ::the box. :,'i

. she is the l i fe and soul of a partyo his costume won the scariest costume orizeo most people go on holiday. won four Oscar awards in 2005. it is celebrated on the 31st of October. she has been before

Halloween is a festival whith is celebrsted on the31st afActober .

Laura is the kind of gir lwho is the l i fe and soulof a party.'Million Dollar Baby' is the film that won fourOscars in 2005.

4 Steve was the one whose costume won the

scariest costume prize.

5 Emma doesn't want to travel to a olace where 4

she has been before.

6 August is the month when most people go onhol idays.

2 Circle the correct relative pronoun.

1 Brian is the student @ /whose always

asking a lot of quest ions in class.2 She is the gir l@ /who's mother is a

neurosurgeon at St Thomas' Hospital .3 This is the house@ /who the smiths

bought last month.

He was shouting at the driver@/who's

car had broken down in the middle of the roao.The village@/which he was born is 20miles from Edinburgh.

1979 was the year@/which we moved toArgentina.

the street@/which she lives is one ofthe most exoensive streets in London.It was this time last year where/@hEh wefirst met.

Fill in the correct relative pronoun. Put commaswhere necessary. Write D for defining, write NDfor non-defining. and say whether the relativepronoun/adverb can be omitted or not.

1 Martha Graham, who was one of America'smost important choreographers, died in NewYork in 1991 . (ND, cannot be omitted)

2 Maria, who is getting married next week, is anold fr iend of mine. (ND, cannot be omit ted)

3 The gir l who the headmaster expel led fromschool is Nora Smith. (D, can be omit ted)

4 Bill Jones. who studied at the same university asmy father; has become the new manager of theRitz Hotel in Madrid. (ND, cannot be omitted)

5 The Halloween costume that Lorna is wearingbelongs to my sister Pat. (D, can be omitted)

6 That's the boy whose father used to be afamous athlete. (ND, cannot be omit ted)

7 The books which were on my desk wereremoved by the librarian. (ND, cannot omitted)

8 The hotel where we stayed last year doesn'thave a good reputation. (D, cannot be omitted)

9 2004 was the year when they held theOlympic Games. (D, can be omit t ted)

10 That 's the bag whose strap is broken. (ND,

cannot be omit tec.

Join the sentences using relative pronouns/adverbs.

2

3

4

5

6

7

(See Suggested Answers Section)Laura is talk ing to a man. He repaired her caryesterday.

Laura is talking ta the man who repaired her caryesterday.

That's the hotel. We stayed there last summer.We went back to the shop. My sister was there.This is the car. He drives to work in it every day.That's the village. Mary's son lives there.This is the gir l . Her cooking is br i l l iant!It's December. The Swedes have a festival thismonth.

8 She has a beautiful necklace. lt used to belonoto her mother.

9 There's the lady Her daughter lives in ltaly,10 That's the spooky house. lt has a ghost.

Word Formation

5 Fill in the blanks with adjectives derived fromthe words in bold. (See Suggested Answers Section)

1 Madonna is a very singer. SUCCESS2 John is a very boy. HELP3 The news Ie f t us . . . . . . . SPEECH4 She is a very . . . woman. BEAUW38

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0/

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-)

)5.n)d l

a{

lr.

e .

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7

Comparatives and Superlatives

Have you seen PrideandPrejudice? Completethe sentences with thecorrect form of the adjectivein brackets.

Mr BingleY is more Pol i te(polite) than Mr DarcY.

Elizabeth is Younger (Young)

than Jane.

Mrs Bennet is the loudest

(loud) character in the film'

Mr Wickham is the worst (bad) character in the

f i lm.

Elizabeth is the cleverest (clever) person In ner

family.

Mr Darcy is richer (rich) than Mr Bingley'

Mr DarcY nas got the most beautiful

(beautiful) house Elizabeth has ever seen'

Mr Darcy thinks that Elizabeth is more

attractive (attractive) than Miss Bingley'

Complete the exchanges with the correct formof the adjective/adverb in brackets.

1 A: Stella takes her work more seriouslv(serious) than Maria, doesn't she?

B: Yes. She does. Maria needs to try harder.

2 A: Lisa is getting better and better (good) at

3 A :

her job.

l 'm glad to hear i t .

I th ink we should buy the green sofa. l t 's

so much more comfortable (comfortable)

than the blue one.

I couldn' t agree more!

I think i t 's t ime to go.

You're right. The earlier we get home, the

earlier (early) we'll get to bed.

Somebody grabbed my bag this morning. Itried to catch him but he ran faster (fast)

than me.

Oh, no !

It was John who ran the furthest (far) inthe race, wasn't it?

B: That's right. The others didn't have a chance!

7 A: Which is the coldest (cold) planet in the

solar system?

B: Pluto lthink, but check in the enryclopaedia.

8 A: Pablb isn't very sociable.B: No but today he's more talkative (talkative)

than l've ever seen him.

Fill in with the correct form of the word inbrackets.

Come and visit one of 1) the. m*st e/i;titlg(exciting) countries in the world - Peru, wherethe people are 2) more hospitable (hospitable)

than anywhere else. You will see some of 3) theoldest (old) sites in the world, as well as 4) themost modern (modern) cities with 5) the best(good) restaurants in South America.To make travel arrangements 6) easier (easy), ourtour includes guided visi ts to some of 7) themost famous (famous) colonial cities in Peru. Youwill also get the opportunity to explore the lostcity of Machu Picchu - one of 8) the mostinteresting (interesting) sites in South America.Our company offers tailor-made tours for even9) the smallest (small) groups. We provide

accommodation in family hotels which offer10) friendlier (friendly) service than the larger,more crowded ones.

Sentence transformationsComplete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

Rebecca was friendlier than all vour friends atyour birthday party.

Rebecca was the friendliest of all vour friendsat your birthday party.

Richard's mother organised his party.

I t was Richard's mother who oroanised hisparty.

No one in the family is as happy as Richardtoday.

Richard is the happiest one in the family today.Sybi l was of great help to them during theparty preparations.

Sybi l was very helpful dur ing the partypreparations.

Mary gave Richard this book as a birthdaypresenr.

This is the book Marv oave Richard as abirthday present.

8

9

l r s

rg

n)

;s.P

H

Y

4 A :K '

5 A :

6 A :

39

Reading

Read the text and questions below. For each question, circle the correct answer A, B or C.

:;l...'.,fl.feast

of St Lucia, which is cetebrated in Sweden13th December, is otrre e+ r..^:- . of the most popular Swec

{he #effistfestivats. st Lucia is the saint of tisht ;r;;#::,ilil;r::n:":::T_to.nsesr

and cotdest ,.r"*. of tn" ourL swerrichwinter symbolises the return of right in oarr<ne's"s.qarx swedish

According to traditionearrv in the mornin^ ::i:::u

homes a young girlwakes up

#rearty in the mornins, puts on a rong #;;:',*T^:tr::sash at the waist and a crown de"JraieO witfr candles, andserves her family saffron buns and ."0".. The boys in thefamily wear long white shirts and pointe-O- hats and help toserve the buns and the coffee. ani,Or.n oUgn go to school

:::;:: in these costumes and serve tr,. oun, to their

Every village and evrHowever, ;r. '"";t yJ ;:ffiT,l;,i:T: ::ffiiLucia who is setected from among ino,lr"no, of girls in acompetition. The winner is announcJd on TV on St Lucia,s dayand the winner is then driven around "*n

in a horse carriageto spread her light in factories, n*p,r"*, otO p"opt",, homesand food stores. Almost every Swede lono*. the St Lucia song

"- 5ll;il::;:" manv st Lucia sonss o't tn. most popurar

The night treads heavityAround yards and dwellings,ln places not reached by the sun,the shadows brood.Into our dark house she comesbearing lighted candles.Saint Lucia, Saint Lucia.

:.: . ,) :: :::.. . a . :::

What is the main purposewriting the text?

A To tell the storv of St Lucia. What is true according to the text?A Chi ldren give buns and coffee to their family and fr iends.

@ Aoys and girls dress in special costumes.C The girls wear white dresses and carry one lit candle.

What does St Lucia symbolise?A The saint of winter.B Light and darkness.

/:\ -,(! The return of light in the darkness of winter.

5 What does the writer tell us about 13th December?A lt is the longest day of the year.

B Chi ldren don't go to school.

@ t is a day when people celebrate the return of light in the

@ to talk about the St Luciafestival in Sweden

C To explain why the St Luciafestival is so popular in Sweden.

2 What does a reader learn aboutthe Feast of St Lucia from thetext?

@ rt is a widely celebrated day inSweden.

B lt is only celebrated in big cities.C lt is not as popular as other

festivals in Sweden.

40 darkness of winter.

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)d

ld

te

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)l

tr

Listening & SpeakingParty time

Listen to the dialogue between Philip andSimon. For each question choose the correctanswer A, B or C.

Philip has already decided to

A organise a party.

B miss the next party.

@ go to Jill's birthday party.

Invitations

Circle the correct response.

1 A: How would you like to come to my party on

Sunday?

B: @ Thanks. That would be very nice.

b l'm afraid it 's late.

A: Do come to the cinema with us.

B : a Y e s , l d o .

@ Sounds good but l 'm afraid I can' t .

A: Please come to my birthday party on Friday.

B: a l t 's al l r ight.

@ t'O love to come.

4 A: I'm having a New Year's party on Sunday.

Would you like to come?

B:@ | wouldn' t miss i t for the world!

b Oh. come onl

3 Fill in the gaps in the dialogue with thewords/phrases below.

o lt's so frightening o Don't be scared. I am scared of . lt was nothing. really frighten me

Jenny: What a spooky housel

1) l t 's so fr ightening!

Elsa: There's nothing to be frightened of. Come on,

let's go inside.

Jenny: You must be joking. 2) | am scared of haunted

nouses.

Elsa: 3) Don't be scared! There are no ghosts inside.

Jenny: How do you know? Empty old houses

4) really frighten me. Oh dear! What was that

sound?

Elsa: 5) lt was nothing.

Jenny: What do you mean? | heard a howling sound.

l 'm sure i t was a ghost!

EIsa: Jenny, it 's only the windl Come on, let's go

back home before vou faint.

2b

P&

Which did Simon prefer?

A Jill 's party on Saturday.

B Paul's party on Sunday.

@ lit t t party on Sunday.

What pleased him most about the party?

A The costumes.

@ rhe ship.C The dancing.

The garden was arranged to

A make space for everyone.

(gl create an atmospnere.

C have better music.4 1

Writing (3rd person narrative)

Getting started

Read the rubric. Who are the main characters? ls the writer involved in the story?

You have been asked to write a short story for New Writing Magazine. The story mustbeginwiththewords: "l'mtired,"complainedJaketohisfriendTerry."Canwestophereforarest?"

Let's look closer

2 a. Read the story and complete the paragraph plan.

r completion of story, referring to moods, consequences,reactions, feelings and comments

. description of incidents leading up to the main event anddetails of the event itself

(See Suggested Answers Section)

W'l '^ t i red l 'compla ined Jake to h is f r iend Terry . 'Can we stophere for a rest?' There was no response from Terry as he searcheddown the river for any landmark that might show which directionthey were heading in. They were well and truly lost! Suddenly, Jakepointed towards something half hidden under the bank. 'l can'tbel ieve it ! 'he squealed. ' l t 's a canoe. Come on! l t ' l l be quicker toget downstream and find some signs of life.' Splashing through themuddy waters, they scrambled into the old canoe and were soonheading downstream.

W At first, all was calm until they reached an open area and asudden wind began to rock the old canoe from side to side. Theywere moving much faster now and losing control of the canoe. 'Too

fast,' screamed Jake as they followed a bend in the river. 'We're

going too fastl 'Just then, there was a loud cracking sound as thecanoe hit a huge boulder at the side of the rivel throwing the twoboys out into the freezing water.p Seconds later, frantically trying to keep their heads abovewater, they struggled towards the nearby bank, their clothesbecoming heavier and heavier. Fortunately for them, one of thelocals happened to spot them as he was passing and yelled to themto grab the long, heavy branch he was holding out for them.p Witfrin minutes, the two boys were lying exhausted on theriverbank. 'This is certainly one adventure we are not likely to forgetfor a very long t ime!'said Jake. Being extremely grateful to theirrescuer, they promised never to do anything so silly ever again.

Main Body(Para 2-3) description of incideni:leading up to the main event anddetails of the event itself

FTTI Jake searched for a landmark.tET6-] A local spotted them and helped them out.[e|3-l The two boys headed downstream.

tEl-l Jake noticed a canoe half hidden under.bank.

ITT-I The boys thanked their rescuer.F-1-51 The canoe smashed into a boulder and threw f-E4l The canoe began to rock from side to

Concluslon(Pan 4) completion of srory,referring to moods, consequencd$,reactions, feelings and commen:-.

b. Number the events in the order they happened.

42the boys out because of the wind.

b.

ne

Writing techniques

J Read the theory. Find examples of the writingtechniques mentioned below in the story.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

-: nake your narrative more interesting to the readel

' , : - should:I rse a variety of adjectives, such as imaginative,

uonderful, cautious, etc instead of simplistic onessuch as nice, good, well, etc.e.g. lnsteadof: Johnisagoodboywithniceideas.

you can write: John ls a great boy with

wonderfulideas.n LJse a variety of verbs such as wondered, screamed,

,,vhispered, etc to avoid using sard all the time.

e.g. lnstead of: "Help!" he said.you can write: "Help!" he screamed.

' Use present or past participles to join two simple

sentences into one longer, more sophisticatedsentence.

e.g. Instead of: He turned on the light. He saw

someone in the room.you can write: Turning on the light, he saw

someone in the room.

Adjectives

4 a. The following adjectives can be used insteadof other simplistic ones. Put them in thecorrect box, as in the example.

. slight o great . evil . happy . massive

. delightful . horrible . tiny . remarkableo fantastic r gigantlc . vast . pleasant . huge. tenific. enormous o attractive . awful

b ig massive, gigant ic, vast, huge, enormous

smal l sliEht, tiny

bad evi l , horr ible, awful

good/nice great, happy, del ightful , remarkable,fantastic, pleasant, terrific, attractive

1

2

Replace the words in bold with words fromEx. 4a. (See Suggested Answers Section)

This is a(n) really big house.

It is quite easy to make small changes to the

way you live.

We had a(n) really bad journey.

The view from our hotel was very nice.

Verbs

5 Complete the sentences with verbs from thelist, as in the example.

. reminded . cried . explained . admitted

. shouted o threatened . wondered

1 Who is this man?' Annaw*ndertd.2 'You don't understand, ' Paul explarned. 'L inda

has nothing to do with i t . '3 'Freeze,' the policeman shouted at the thief.

'You are under arrest.'4 ' l f you tel l anyone about our meeting, there

wi l l be consequences, ' Br ian threatened.5 'Yes, it 's all my fault,' Mrs Saunders admitted

as she held back her tears.6 'No, you can' t do this to me, ' Jenny cr ied.7 'Make sure you call Mr Perry tomorrow

morning, ' Simon reminded Mark.

Participles

Use a present or post participle to join thesesentences.

1 Jake was exhausted. He couldn' t go on.Being exhaustrttl, "iuke rculdn't q* *n.

2 They splashed through the muddy waters.They scrambled into the old canoe.Splashing through the muddy waters, theyscrambled into the old canoe.

3 The boys were thrown out of the canoe. Theyfound themselves in the freezing water.Being thrown out of the canoe, the boysfound themselves in the freezing water.

4 He grabbed the branch. He pul led himself outof the river.Grabbing the branch, he pul led himself out ofthe r iver

5 They kept their heads above water. Theystruggled towards the bank.Keeping their heads above water, they struggledto the bank

Your turn

7 New Writing Mogazine has asked its readers tosend in stories for its annual short storycompetition. The story must end with thewords The next morning he woke up, pocked hissuitcases and returned home.' Write your story(100-120 words). You can use Ex. 2 to help you,as well as the tips mentioned above.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

34

43

State-of-r l .rne-arI

Vocabulary PracticeE nterta i n ment/Fi I m/Tech nology

Fill in the gaps with the words below.

. classic . sequel . definitely . suspense

. rewarded o fantdsy adventure r set . wortho entertains . original . punished

Mmr*drse

special

oox

computer

openrng

t i t le

ful l

standing

a tracK

b ovation

c -office

d effects

e animation

f n igh tg house

2 Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 W, thriller, horror, detective2 laptop, DVD player, digital camera, @ci63 complex, gripping, pEd+etet{$, engaging4 theme park, theatre, art gallery, )M5 delete, restart, store, [bl6

Match the words in the columns then usethem to fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

FTd-lt2-l-.1trTrlt4l-r Ifs-l-a-lreTs IFT6-I1 Polly was lucky to get tickets for the opening

niqht of the concert .

MCharlie and the Chocolate

Factory, the 1) fantasy

adventure by Roald Dahl,

is the kind of book you

can't put down. The plot

is ful l of 2) suspense and

al l the act ion is 3) set in

a chocolate factory. Five

lucky chi ldren get a tour

of the business run by

Mr Willy Wonka after

they win 'golden tickets'

in candy bars. Famousfor his 4) original characters, Dahl 5) entertains uswith his story of spoi led kids and what happensto them. Only one good boy, Charl ie Bucket, isnot 6) punished for bad behaviour. On thecontrary, he is 7) rewarded with the big prize inthe end. To find out more, get yourself a copy ofthis children's 8) classic. lt 's a fantastic read andyou should 9) def ini tely buy i t . t f you l ike i t ,there's also the 10) sequel entitled CharlieandtheGreat Glass Elevator. lt is also well 11) worthreading.

44

The new film Cars is sure to be a(n) box-officeh i t

Star Wars has such good special effects that youbelieve what's happening on the screen is realThe t i t le track on a CD is a song or piece o'music that has the same name as the album.Shrek is a good example of the use o'computer animation to produce real ist icbelievable creatures.

The band had a(n) ful l house on Saturday -

there were no seats free at all.The audience showed its appreciation b*giving the soloist a(n) standing ovat ion a:the end of the evening.

Rewrite the sentences using the correct idiom.

1 Tim enjoyed himself so much at the concer:he danced and sang and had a great t in:with his friends.

Tim had a whale of a t ime at the concert wi- . 'h is fr iends.

He paid an awful lot of money for those ne,Arman i jeans .

He paid an arm and a leg for those ne ' ,

Arman i jeans .

Nowadays, a lot of couples share the twhen they go out.Nowadays, a lot of couples go Dutch wl =rthey go out.

4

R O A L D T } A H Lr ( t { rs? f r t " t i t t f eue f ? f t t

t6

W.

n9

lce

rou

- l

of

t .

of

tic,

by^ +d L

n.

-'rt:me

rith

CW

bi t l

CW

4 MP3 players have become very popular.

MP3 players have taken the world by storm.

Word FormationAdd -en either as a prefix or suffix to make verbsfrom the following adjectives and use them, intheir correct form, to complete the sentences.

. dark . l ight . Sure . quick . shorto rich . Sharp r fl;pp

1 Tom closed the curtains to darken the room.2 Nothing can dampen his enthusiasm for

technology.3 He pressed the button to lighten the picture

on the screen.We really need to sharpen the knives.Travelling to new countries and experiencingdifferent cultures enriches our lives.Paul got up really early to ensure a good placein the oueue.The woman quickened her pace as she walkedalong the dark road.Maybe they should shorten the film as threehours is too lono.

Underline the correct word.

1 The Internet has had an enormous impacVhiton the world of communicat ion.

2 The plot is challenqinq/challenged and quite

difficult to follow.

3 The book takes you to an imaginative/imaqinarv world of witches and wizards.

4 I was stunned/stunning by the special effectsin the new Superman f i lm.

5 Dave said he was bored/boring with playing

computer games.

6 | love this film so much - | hooe there will be asequence/ggue].

7 Coco Chanel is well resoected in the field/region of fashion.

8 The Ant Bully received favourablq/favouritereviews recently.

Complete with the correct preposition.

1 A: ls it difficult to make a career in the filmbusiness?

B: Not if you are determined to succeed.

2 A: Are you interested in special effects?B: Not really. For me the plot is more important.

A: Do you bel ieve in al iens?B: Yes. I don't think we're alone in the universe

A: This is my favouri te song on the album.B: l t 's mine too.

5 A: Spielberg is working on a new f i lm.B: Real ly? What 's i t cal led?

6 A: CGI (Computer Generated lmagery) hashad a huge impact on the way f i lms aremaoe.

B: Yes, indeed it has.

Fill in the correct word to complete the reviews.

. star . special effects . mission . directedo f i lmed . olot

ln Superman Returns our 1) star is oncemore on a 2) mission to save the world.

This is a tricky job, of course, and as aresult the 3) plot of the film is

unpredictable and exciting. The actionis 4) f i lmed using high-def ini t ion

video cameras to create the bestpossible images. The 5) special

effects are better than ever

before and are highlybel ievable. Congratulat ions must go

to Bryan Singeq who 6) directed this newblockbuster.

8

4

5

6

7

. applause . download . recordings

. interviews . track . audiences

The debut album of Chensh is outsoon and should not be missed.You can 7) download a taste oftheir music for free from theInternet and decide which 8) track isyour favourite. The band have beenplaying to huge 9) audiences who have given

the young sisters roaring 10) applause. Visi twww.cherishsisters.com for more informationabout TV 11) interviews, concerts and future12) recordings.

45

Grammar in UseArticles

Fill in o, an or the where necessary.

Situated in 1)- Eastern Asia and bordering2) the South China Sea and 3) - China, Hong Kongis 4) a charming Chinese city with 5) - westernelements. lt enjoys 6) a mild climate from 7) themiddle of September to 8) the end of February.9) fhe month of August has 10) the highestrainfal l . Visitors from 11)the U.K. can enter HongKong without 12) a visa.

Hong Kong has 13)a population of nearly 7million but it is 14) a compact city so you are neverfar from 15) - shopping areas and 16) - major sights.17) - Public transportation via 18) - bus, 19) - ferryor 20) * train is efficient and inexpensive. Most 21) -

signs are in both 22)- English and 23)- Chinese.24) The shopping centres are amazing and 25) thetemples and parks offer quiet relaxation. 26)Themajority of Chinese people speak 27)- Manadarinbut many enjoy 28) the opportunity to practise theirEnglish, so 29) - communication is not 30) aproblem. The majority of 31)- hotels are in 32) thecity centre but there is also 33) a growing numberof resort-style hotels outside the city.

34) A visit to the Jade market in Yau Ma Tai is35) a must. There is 36) a huge variety ofsouvenirs you can buy from 37) the markets andyou won't believe 38) the prices!

Hong Kong is one of 39) the safest cities in40)the world. Come and experience 41)theholiday of 42) a lifetime!

2 Fill in a, an or the where necessary.

1 Timmy is such a responsible boy.2 The youth of today spend more money on -

clothes.' 3 - jazz music isn't my favourite.

4 The game he bought costs f20.5 Let's meet at the caf6 near the river.6 - actors do not always become famous.7 A computer can only do what you program it

to do.8 -John Wayne was a popular actor in the 1950r9 The Chinese are hardworking people.

10 The Queen wi l lopen the ceremony.

Quantif iers

Underline the correct quantifiers.

1 A: Mum, l've invited a few/few people

for dinner on Saturday.B: Hmm, how much/manv people exactly,

Robert?

2 A: I am afraid I have few/little knowledoe ofcomDUters.

B: lt's never too late to learn a little/little.

3 A: lt took the writer some/several weeks tocomplete the chapter.

B: He has no/not any talent in my opinion.

4 A: Have you played all/every my computergames?

B: No, I have only played feWa few of them.

5 A: There are feMa few good songs on thealbum - l 'm really disappointed.

B: I disagree with you - there are much/a !q[Otexcellent tracks.

6 A: Have you eaten 4y/some ice-cream?B: No. There was no/none left.

Adverbs

Put the words in order to make completesentences. What types of adverbs are thewords in bold?

computer ga meVupstairs/are playing/the boysThe boys are playing computer games upstairs.(place)

to the art gallery/he/the trip/enjoyed/reallyHe really enjoyed the trip to the art gallery.(degree)

46

n i t

i0s.

)ver

:tly,

: o f

; t o

n .

Iter

em.

the

rt of

oysarrs.

I

lery.

3 dramatically/cinema-goerVthe numberhas risenThe number of c inema-goers has r isendramatical ly. (man ner)

4 wenVthey/to the zoolyesterdayThey went to the zoo yesterday (time)

5 check/e-mailVmy/hardly ever/lI hardly ever check my e-mails. (frequency)

6 dinner/outside/we/had/our

We had our dinner outside. (place)

7 agree/your commentyl/with/totallyI total ly agree with your comments. (degree)

8 the i nstructionVeasily/understood/Angela

Angela easi ly understood the instruct ions.(manner)

t her homework/Sandy/soon/to do/promisedSandy promised to do her homework soon.(time)

10 new CDVBen/all the time/buysBen buys new CDs al l the t ime (frequency)

Reflexive pronouns

Complete the exchanges with reflexive pronouns.

1 A: Nice hair.

B: Thanks. I cut it myself.

2 A: Can you help me with my essay, Sally? lt 'sdue tomorrow!

B: Not again, Simon. This t ime you're going

to have do it yourself.

3 A: Who made the cake?B: Jill made it herself.

Do you need any help with your homework?No, we'll do it ourselves.

What should I spend the money on?You could buy yourself some new clothes.

6 A: What happened to the computer?B: lt switched itself off.

A: Who is he going to the party with?B: He hasn't invited anyone. He's going by

himself .

Question tagsComplete the question tags.

1 That's a great film, isn't it?2 Let's go to the cinema, shall we?3 She hasn't left yet, has she?

4 Ann cal led an hour ago, didn' t she?5 She isn't French, is she?6 He didn' t come, did he?

7 They are stil l at work, aren't they?8 She bought a new car, didn' t she?9 John wi l l buy a bike, won't he?

10 Ji l l is going on her own, isn' t she?

Phrasal verbs

Fif f in cut, take, turn, stay, give.

1 A: Fancy staying up to watch the horror moviewith me?

B: l 'm sorry. I 'm so t i red l 'm going to turn infor the night.

2 A: I'm sorry to cut in, but I have to tell you

something really important.B: lt 's OK, go ahead.

3 A: How much did they take in at the boxoffice last week?

B: I don't know exactly, but I know it was a lot.

4 A: OK, I give in! You can go to the concert, aslong as you are back by midnight.

B: Thanks, Mum!

5 A: Do we have to stay in tonight? Why don'twe go to the cinema instead?

B: Good idea. Do vou know what's on?

Sentence transformations

Here are some sentences about the cinema.Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 Most teenagers in Canada go to the cinema.There are only a few teenagers in Canadawho don't go to the cinema.

2 There are several reasons why people go tothe cinema.

People go to the cinema for a lot of reasons.3 There isn't a more exciting film than The Lord

ofthe Rings.

The Lord of the Rings is the most exciting filmever.

4 l'm sure the film will be a box-office hit.The film will be a box-office hit, won't it?

5 The cost of a ticket to the cinema has risendramatically in recent years.

Recently it hbs become much more expensive

47

of/

7

8

A:B :

A:B :

Reading

The people below (1-5)are al l planning to go to the cinema tonight. Decide rv-hich f i lm would be themost suitable for each. There are three films you won't use.

and films withplots.

Bi l l enjoys

working out,

especial ly in

the gym. He

likes to watchgripping thr i l lers

unpredictable

well-known actors

Steve loves

science-fiction

f i lms and

act ion f i lms.

He is a great

admirer of special

Karen likes to

l,lywatch foreign

ifilms that have

:;f important

themes. Shegoes to the ci Ebecause i t makes her think

John doesn't go

to the cinema

very often but

when he does,

he enjoys

watching films withhistorical significance. Therefore,he really enjoys war films.

This act ion-packed f i lm is guaranteed to keep you on the edge ofyour seat l Starr ing Samuel L. Jackson, this is the story of a nightmarejourney over the Pacific with some deadly snakes. you have to waitunt i l the very end to f ind out who is responsible and what happens tothe passengers. Not for the faint-hearted, however.

This classic mystery thriller based on the story by Graham Greene isset in Vienna, Austria. With its stunning cinematography, twistingplot and unforgettable musical score this film is a must. Even fiftvyears after its creation this film still guarantees a good night out.

Starr ing Uma Thurman and Luke Wilson, this heart-warming f i lm tel lsthe story of what can go wrong when you date a superhero. At firstour beau thinks he has met the ideal woman, but as is qui te often tnecase, quite the opposite is true.

This Spanish film is a well-crafted thriller based on the life of Mikel Lelaza,a secret agent who infiltrates the terrorist group ETA in the mid-70s. Thisfascinating film promises action, drama and political intrigue and has muchto say about Spain's turbulent past. (ln Spanish with English subtitles.)

Want to learn what's up with this beloved superhero? Then this film rsfor you! Packed with action and impressive special effects, Supermanonce more has to save the world from destruction. But the ouestion is- can he win back the love of his life without losing his powers?

What happens when three teens discover that a scary monster lives intheir neighbour's house? Watch and find out! This animated film is fullof fun, adventure and comedy. lt is suitable for the whole family.

Based on the book by Alistair Maclean, The Guns of Navarone is stillrated as one of the best war films ever made. Filmed on location inRhodes, it was a major box-office hit in 1961 and won an Oscar for itsspecial effects. Starring Gregory Peck, David Niven and AnthonyQuinn, this f i lm is a classic.

This fantasy thr i l ler tel ls the story of an unusual female creature whowarns humanity of impending danger. Already being advertised as'the best film of the year', this unique film offers great acting and awonderful story.

' - l

t,:::a.,:,;a;:llili:::t

ti]]g]:]::,;;::;i:

Susan's

,, favourite kinds

oI li lms are

r ' romant ic

comedies and

+pry, ' dramas. For her, itis important that films star

t

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of

are

/ait

; t o

Listening & SpeakingExpressing viewpoints

You will hear twosiblings discussingwhat to buy theirfather for hisbirthday. Decide ifeach sentence istrue or false, and tick(/) the correct box.

1 Lury wants to buy her dad something

different this year.

2 Their dad really loves eating popcorn.

3 A 'Skype' phone helps reduce your

phone b i l l .

4 They decide to get an iPod.

5 They are going to order the present

from a website.

6 Lucy's brother knows his way around

the Internet.

Positive and negative recommendations

Use the phrases to fil l in the gaps.

r I wouldn't bother r lt 's excellent . lt 's well worth a look. lt 's disappointing o lt 's awful

1 A: What do you think of the new Madonna song?

B: lt 's disappointing. I expected it to be better.

2 A: What is the new shopping centre like?

B: lt 's awful, l 've never been to a worse one.

3 A: Have you been to the new youth club?

B: Yes. lt 's excellent. You must go!

l 'm thinking of going to that new video shop.

lwouldn' t bother, i f I were You.

What is the computer programme, Google Earth, like?

Amazing! l t 's wel lworth a look-

Asking about aproblem/offering help

Complete the dialogues with thephrases below There are twophrases you can't use.

o What's wrongo What's the matterr What's the problemr What 's happening. Do you want me to have a

look at ito Sorry, I can't helpo Perhaps, I can helpr Glad I could help

1 A: Hi Sue. How are you?

B: l 'm f ine but I wish I could

say the same about my

mobi le phone.

A: Why? 1) What's wrong/themarter/the nrohlem with it?

B: l t hasn' t been working al l

day.

A: 2) Perhaps I can help?

B: That would be awfully kind

of you.

A: lt looks like the battery is

flat. You just need to

recharge it.

A: 3) What's wrong/the matter/

the problem?

B: I can't connect to the

Internet. What am I doing

wrong?

A: 4) Do you want me to have

a look at i t?

B: Yes, please do.

A: There, that's done the trick.

B: You're a genius!

A: 5) Glad I could help.

l 1 5

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ifty

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the

s r nful l

vno

t a 5

d a

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49

Writing (a letter to a friend reviewing sth)

Getting started

Read the rubric.This is part of a letter from your English pen-friend John.

ffi Have you ever been to a live music performance?$ please write and tell me. l 'd love to hear all about it.

What are you going to write about? Which of the following can you include in your letter? Circle.(See Suggested Answers Section)

Let's look closer

2 a. Read the letter below and complete the paragraph plan with theheadings below.. what you didn't like and why . singer/band you went to seeo what you liked and why . recommendation

*1How many of your ideas can you find in the letter?

' u l

(5s'own answers)

b. Read the letter again. What did Alex like/dislike about the concert? What reasons/examples are givento support each viewpoint? (See Suggested Answers Section)

Replace the underlined adjectives and adverbs in the letter with the following.

oentertaining . fabulous . modern .wildly . complex . heavenly . upset . latest(See Suggested Answers Section)

Dear fohn,

fi> ru How are you? It was great to get your letter. You asked meif I had ever been to a live music performance. Well, I actually wentto a pop concm on Saturday - it was great!

p n sturred the singer Alsou - maybe youlve heard. of her? Thetickets were f,.50 each but it was weII worth it!

fu fhere was a wondeirfut atmosphere - the cheerful fans shoutedenthusiastically as she came onto the stage. She looked fantasticthanks to the elaborate lighting and her trendy wardrobe. Her voicesounded angelic. There was a vaied programme, with songs fromall of her albums and plenty of opportunity to dance and sing along!

I However, I was a linle disappointed that the concert finished soearly. Even the people around me were complaining that the concertwas too short for the pice of the ticket.

fu> Anyway, we still had a great evening and came away with thebest impression. If you ever get the chance to see Alsou in concert,you should definitely go. Have you heard her new album? Witesoon and tell me what you think of it.

Love,

Alex

tll

Introduction(Para 1) {ireetings.'t easons.fbrwuiliwg

(Pan 2) singer/band you went tosee

(Para 3) what you liked and why

(Pan 4) what you didn't like andwhy

(Para 5) Conclusionrecommendation

3

50

Read the extracts (1-4) below that reviewvarious events. Fill in the missing topicsentences (A-D), then suggest other suitableones of your own.

(See Suggested Answers Section)-re

opening night of the Moscow State Circus in3lasgow was a huge success.-he

Farnborough Air Show was a big hit again thisr '-cdf.

was so impressed with the performance I went tocn Friday.have never been to anything so boring in all my life!

:ut - there was never a dull moment. The . i: 'ogramme was well-arranged and well_ i

-he new exhibi t ion had nothing to capture my'nagination. I strongly disagree with the critic,vho wrote, 'h ighly or iginal and entertaining' I

- i ie r ingmaster had an excel lent sense of humour

:rd the crowd enjoyed the spectacular show. In"ry opinion, the highl ight of the whole evening,,,'as when the monkeys escaped into the crowd!

4 n+ D r ,

W e . * ' e r , r i " ' : ' '

$ Underline the correct word.

1 Shakespeare sometimes used plots/programmes from ancient Greek playsEven though I don' t usual ly go to see

blockbusters/multiplex, I really loved Mission

lmpossible.

Tolr ight, bal ler ina Sylvie Gui l lem wi l l be

appearing/peform!ry the role of Clara in

The Nutcracker.

The success of a play comes down to a good

script/lyric and a good director.

5 The revieWpremiere said that it was one of

the best productions of the year.

6 lt was such a predictable/ggp@ performance

that she was given a standing ovation

7 Tom Hanks received oraise for his role/actor in

Forrest Gump.

8 The rout ines and the posit ioning of the

dancers on stage are the responsibility of a

cond uctor/choreoq ra pher

Match items (1-5) to the nouns (a-e).6famous / frlm /television a screen

l ive /s tud io /so lo b per fo rmance

b ig /smal l / s i l ver c nove l

chi ldren's/ fantasy / d f i lm

best-selling e actor

lI

r#w$eMf$

Backg round i nformationThe exhibition/theatre opened in '1989

The dance company/band formed in 2001 .The Air Show runs every second year and takesp lace in . .

DescriptionsThe sound system was excellent.The venue had great faci l i t ies.The lyrics were greaVpredictable.The l ight ing was superb/dreadful .The cast was superb/amazing/very talented.

General comments/opinionDon't miss i t lIt 's well worth seeing/going to.You really must see/go/listen to it.

Your turnUsing the language above, write a letter to afriend reviewing something you attendedrecently (e.9. art exhibition/the opening of anew venue or a concert) (100-120 words). Usethe ideas below as well as your own.

(See Suggested Answers Section). name/time/olace of event o costo what you l iked about i t. what you didn't l ike about i t. f inal thouohts and recommendation

7

5 1

romffim

: roreographed In my opinion, , i t is def ini tely ..a, , ' , t

lEId-l horror / silent / feature

lm[uaffi.n ink the complete opposite is true!

'gn

All in aday's work

Vocabulary PracticeJobs

What do these people do for a living? Look atthe pictures and underline the correct worc.

ldent i fy the jobs from the descript ions of whatthe people do.

1 This person f l ies aerop,anes. pt lar

2 You take your car to this person to be repairedmechanic

3 This person takes care of s ick animalsveter inar ian

This person works in an office typing lettersanswering the phone and arranging meetingssecretary

This person wi l l help you invest money i"companies. stockbroker

This person controls the movements of aircraftair t raf f ic control ler

This person designs pages for the Internet.web-designer

8 You pay money to this person in a shop or bankte l le r

9 This person helps chi ldren and famil ies whchave problems. social worker

10 This person will give you the key to your hoteroom. desk clerk/receptionist

Complete the exchanges with verbs from thelist.

o promote . apply o dismiss o retire . resign

1 A: So, are you going to apply for the job?

B: No. I don't think l'm suitably qualified for it.

2 A: lan is going to resign.

B: Real ly? Why?

A: He's found a better-paid job.

3 A: lf this project is successful, my managerwi l l promote me.

B: Good luck !

4 A: l 've stil l got six years ahead of me before Iretrre.

B : Hang in there l

5 A: I 've heard that the company wi l l d ismissseveral people next month.

B: Oh, no. Any idea who?

3 l ibrar ian / teacher

4 Fill in the correct response from the list.

o Somehodv nnt the sack.. Let's call it a day.o The way she's going,. She's been workinq around the clock.

1 doctor / scientist

4 carpenter / plumber

rired.

nals

.TATq

Ings.

)y In

:raft.

rnet.

)ank.

who

lotel

he

n

)

rr it.

lager

1 A: I can't work any more tonight; I'm very tired.B: So am l. Let's call it a day.

2 A: l t 's midnight and Rita is st i l l at the off ice.B: What 's going on? She's been working

around the clock.3 A: Did you hear what happened this morning?

B: Let me guess. Somebody got the sack.4 A: Did you see what Kate did this morning?

B: Yes, I did. The way she is going she' l l get

f i red.

5 Complete the text with phrases from the list.You may have to change the form of the verbs.

. work overtime . be her own boss . work for

. a successful career . work from home. be employed . set up . self-employed

Sheila has 1) a successful career with a largeocsmetics company where she 2) has beenmiinloyed as a senior marketing manager for themes,t three years. Although she is quite satisfied withiltner 1ob, she sometimes feels that her work is notmtroreciated, especially when she has to 3) workur*'srtirne. She is now thinking of 4) setting up hermmnr business so that she can 5) be her own boss.Sl'reilila thinks that she would be happier 6) workingvt:ri'r home, even though she accepts that peoplelt[ldr-rto are 7) self-employed are less secure thantltqrse who 8) work for a large company.

6 Choose the best word to complete the jobadverts.

'il[@ have a 1) vacancv/space for a young, dynamicnnd hard-working 2) studenVgraduate to lead ourpawing sales force in the London area. As leader you,ffi,ril he responsible for 3) team/group development and4,|educationtraining and you will 5) reply/repo[ffrrectly to the company Sales Director.

7 Cross the odd one out as in the example.

1 salary, wages,}kW pay2 earn, gain, win, ftd3 @*Fr€rc, job, career, profession4 under-paid, \@+-Fd-d, poorly paid, overuyorked5 boring, Eeatr4[ uninteresting, repetitive6 business, uDise*qf!, industry, company

Phrasal verbs

8 Fillin: corry, go, put, fall,look.

1 A: Can you please put me through to MrsLucas?

B: Just a minute, please.

2 A: I can't remember what time my meeting isIOmOrrow.

B: Why don't you lookthrough your notes?

3 A: Mike, i f you carry this project through t ' l lpromote you to head of the department.

B: l ' l l do my best, s ir .

4 A: Why are you so upset? Things can't bethat bad at work.

B: You say that because you don't knowwhat I have to go through every day.

5 A: He's afraid that his olans to start his ownbusiness wi l l fa l l through.

B: lt 's natural for him to feel this wav.

\Nord Formation

Complete the sentences with the correct wordderived from the words in bold.

1 The politician gave a very distorted version ofeven$. DISTORT

2 He admitted that the government had madesome very regrettable mistakes. REGRET

3 The prime minister promised to be moreresponsive to complaints in the future.

RESPONDShe thanked her husband for his car ingsupport at a very difficult time. CAREThe minister resigned because his position

was no longer defendable DEFEND

9

&e you willing to work 6) changes/shifts? Do you enjoylFe 7) happiness/satisfaction of solving challengingSl problems/questions without 9) control/Supervi5ion]are you 10) oractical/handy? Do you have a11) deanltiOy driver's licence? lf you can answer 'yes' totr:ese questions, then we would like to hear from you.

WE WANT YOUrtt{,ttfh over 300 stores notionwide Book World is nowfnrnly estoblished os the No,l bookshop in the UK, lfidou ore 12) sfimuloled/molivoled, commified,trS) ombitious/rulhless ond enjoy succeeding in onexciting fost-poced work 14) locotion/environmenl,we wont youl No previous 15) skill/expeliengErcquired, 53

2

Grammar in UseConditionals

Replace if with r,vhen where possible.

1 . . . . . . . . . l f th is doesn't work. he' l l be in trouble.2 when lf he is in a bad mood. it is better to

stay away3 . . . . . . . . l f you don't have t ime today, you can

finish the report tomorrow.4 when l f l 'm t i red. I can' t concentrate at al l .5 when lf Jason asks for a raise, he'll get it for

sure

Match the phrases 1-8 to phrases a-h to makefull sentences.

l f John had got up ten minutes later,

Unless Yvonne passes her French exams,

lf Paul found a better-paid job,

l f Mr Black cal ls,

Unless Kate finishes the letters by 5 pm,

lf you see Frank,

lf Bob hadn't been so nervous,

lf Jane's colleagues were more friendly,

she'll have to do some overtimehe would have done better at the interview.

};:"-r,O

hans out tosether outside the 4

he would resign on the spot.he would have missed the bus.ask him about any vacancies in the company.she won't get into university.tel l h im I 'm out for lunch.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenseto complete the exchanges.

A: What's wrong?

B: l'm running late. lf I don't get (noVget)

there on time, the meeting will start (start)

without me.

A: Why are these flowers on Jane's desk?B: lt 's her birthday.

A: Oh no. lf I remembered (remember),

I would have bought (buy) her a present,

too.

A: This is a beaut i ful neighbourhood.B: I agree. lf I find (find) a flat for rent here, I

will move (move) in right away.

A: Why is Peter so stressed out?B: He has a meeting with the marketing

manager. Whenever they meet (meet),

they end (end) up having an argument.

7 A: Unless Liam shows (show) up in the nextfive minutes, Mr Johnson is firing (fire) him.

B: Oh, no. ls he late again?

EtrmmEtrHmmm

d

e

f

Ih

8 A :

B :

You haven't said a word al l morning.l'm very busy with this report. You know, I

a

b

c

Do you think I should apply for this job?

lf I were (be) you, I would apply (apply)

right away.

Congratulations on your promotion.

Thank you! lf I get (get) the job, I won't

leave (leave) the company.

would finish (finish) it faster if you hel(help) me.

A: No oroblem.

Wishes

Read what the man says and make sentencesas in the example.

1 | don't have time to meet Jack today.I wishllf only I had time ta meet JGCktad6y.

2 | can't take any days off work this week.I wish/lf only I could take some daysoff this week.

3 | lost my passport.

I wish/ l f only I hadn't lost mypassport.

I didn't follow your advice.I wish/lf onlv I had followedyour advice.

l'm very stressed out. Idon't know how to relax

I wish/lf only I knew how torelax. I am so stressed out.I didn't know Mary was in town.I wish/lf only I had known thatMary was in town.

3

1 A :

B :

2 A :B :

54

N, I

)ed

7 | don't have any friends.I wish/lf only I had some friends

8 | ate too much. I feel sick.I wish/ l f only I hadn't eaten too much.

Read the letter and complete the exchangesusing the verbs in their correct tense.

)eor Steve,i'm sorrg obout the other dag. I wish l 1) hadbeen

fre) here to see gou. f ontg gou2) totd (telD me:tot Uou were comLng earlier, | 3) woutd have:langed (change) mg schedutel

The reason whg I wasn't here is becouse I decided:i go to a conJerence. lt was held in the most;:nozing plocel I wish you 4 had seen (see) it! |ion't meon thot it was excetlent because inJoct itwas the oppositel Nothing seemed to work properLg;nd the speokers were terribLe. I wish I 5) neverteord (heor) oJ the event. lt wos a comptete waste ofrnte ond moneg. Angwag, | 6) witttelt(tetD gou otlsbout it the next tlme I7) see (see) gou.

Which reminds me, when do gou think gou wittbeL,n town agoLn? IJ l 8) were (be) you, l 9) would wrlte(write) a date [n gour diary now. If gou 10) sentkend) me the inJormotion bg email., then I promise I1l) woutd be (bd here, ond not running olf to sittgconJerences!A[tthe best,-nrls

Clauses of purpose

Join the pairs of sentences using the words inbrackets, as in the example.

1 Faye wants to find another job. She wants tohave a bigger salary. (in order to)Faye wants ra find anather jab in arder ta hsve abigger sulary.

She arranged to see her manager. She wantedto ask for a pay increase. (with a view to)She arranged to see her manager with a viewto asking for a pay increase.

She is updating her CV. She can use it to applyfor a new job. (so that)She is updat ing her CV so that she can use i tto apply for a new job

4 She is going to write a cover letter. She cansend it with her CV. (to)

She is going to write a cover letter to sendwith her CV.

She wants to f ind a morning job. She wantsto.have more t ime to spend with her chi ldren.(in order to)She wants to f ind a morning job in order tospend more t ime with her chi ldren.She has bought a new suit. She wants to makea good impression at interviews. (so as to)She bought a new suit so as to make a goodimpression at interviews.

Sentence transformations

Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

Celia is upset because she didn't get the job

at the advertising agency.Cel ia wishes she had got the job at theadvertising agency.She is saving money because she wants toattend a seminar.

She is saving money so as to attend a seminar.l f she doesn't at tend this seminat she won'tbe considered for the job.

She won't be considered for the job if shedoes not attend this seminar.She can't move out because she can't affordto pay rent.

lf she could afford to pay rent, she wouldmove out.

She didn't take her brother's advice so shedidn' t f ind a job in London.lf she had taken her brother's advice, shewould have found a iob inLondon.

7

5

Reading

a. The people (1-4) are all looking for new jobs. Read their descriptions and underline the key words.

b. Read the job advertisements (A-F) and decide which job would be the most suitable for each person.There are two you don't need.

"@r- ^ - - :

Geoff has always liked makingthings to entertain his children.Since losing his job as a.teacherhe has been looking for a way toturn his hobby into a career.

Tour Guide - Explore Alaska Ltd

A life of adventure awaits you in Alaska. Explore Alaska Ltd islooking for guides to lead small groups of tourists throughthe Alaskan wilderness and to oromote conservation in thearea. No previous experience is required as on-the-jobtraining will be provided. Apply in writing to William Seward,Explore Alaska Ltd, 3 Primrose St, Ketchikan, Alaska, AK99950-3365.

looking for a trained animal psychologist to work with ourcollection of wild and exotic animals. ldeal candidatesshould have a degree in veterinary medicine and abackground in psychology. Application forms are available

Film Extra - Talent Inc

Want to be in the movies? Talent Inc is looking for people totake pafi in a Hollywood film that is being shot here in London.The work requires a great deal of waiting around. Althoughthere can be no guarantee that you will appear in the final film,you may see yourself ne)d to a major star. For moreinformation, callSandy on01292 364 807.

Michael has had several well paidjobs. Now, he would like to use hispsychology degree in a job that hecan improve people's lives.

Susan first noticed her flair forwriting when she won a creativewriting competition at school.However, her career as a poet is notgoing very well and she must find anew job to pay the bills.

Brooke is currently working in anoffice for a publishing company,but she dreams of a less ordinarylife. She wants to explore newplaces and help protect theenvironment.

from Human Resources Dept, Dunstable Zoo, Bedfordshire,

Cards Writer - Comic Cards Ltd

Can you say it with style? Comic Cards Ltd wantswriters with wild and witty imaginations. Salariesare good for those who can come up with catchyl ines and lots of laughs. Emai l John Keats atwww.comiccards.co. uk.

G--- -j Cu.egiver - Spring Lake Retreat

Do you have the qualities to help people with mentalillness lead rich and rewarding lives? Spring LakeRetreat has an excellent success rate in dealing withmental illness and we are looking for caregivers whocan approach those in need with respect. For furtherinformation call Florence on 01484 627 895.

Toy Designer - Lullaby Toys Plc

Want to bring a l itt le magic into young lives? LullabyToys Plc is looking for an imaginative toy designer toexpand our range of educational toys for childrenunder 7 years of age. The ideal candidate should haveexperience in toy design and a passion for education.Tel. Jov Fischer on 02646 738 991.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

^ l4 l

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thto

)yto) n

/en .

Writing (a letter of appliration)

Getting started

1 Read the rubric and underline the key words.Then, answer the questions that follow.

;; You have come across the following job adg in the local newspaper and you want to

ff rpply for the job. Write your letter of" appl icat ion.

l .

ii'- '*""- """- --'

fi Do you want to get out and see the world? Are youil interested in photography?I lf yes, then you could work on a cruise ship! We are

looking for a photographer who's always around totake memorable photos of our passengers as well asdevelop and sell the pictures. All equipment isprovided by the cruise line.lf interested, contact Mr Elliot on 089g-7g6756 or viaemail at _. , and we will arrange ajob interview. Portfolio necessary.

energetic and sociablecan drive a cartaken a course in photography ,,.,s1,good organiserspeak Engl ish and Germanworked as a photographerfor the school newspaperworked as a shop assistant

*r,i:l;lZi2i

Let's look closer

2 Read application letters A & B and write theparagraph number next to the headings in thelist below.

. opentng remarks/reason(s)for writing 41 B1

. closing remarks 45 85

. age/qualifications/experience A2 82o other information A4 84. personal qualities ffi 83

@b

@@ef

E

234

What kind of letter do you have to write? aletter of applicationWho is going to read your letter? Mr ElliotShould the style be formal or informal? formalTick ( /) in the list of points below what yor.,should include in your letter:. your favourite subjects at school. your qualifications. any previous experience. a description of your appearance. your personal qualities. your plans for the summerWhat do you think the successfulshould be l ike?

Dear Manager,

W Hil l've decided to drop you a line about the jobyou advertised in this week's online edition of NyMagazine for Teens.

fu t ana 2O-year-old student and l,m quite gooo attaking pictures. Two years ago I took a one-year-course in photography and l,ve workeo as aphotographer for our college newspaper. l,ve workedpart-time as a shop assistant at a photo studio, too. Iwant to study photography at UEL and some day l,msure l'll work as a professional photographer forNational Geographic. My English and German aren'tbad either.p t haven't worked professionally before but l,msure l'd be good at the job. I am very friendly andoutgoing. I love travelling and seeing differentplaces. Also, I can provide a reference letter in whichmy previous employer says I'm a good photograpnerand that you can count on me. I can show you mywork any time you want.p* | won't be doing anything in July and August.We have our holidays then so I can work wheneveryou want.p- Vou can get in touch with me on 0g657345 orat lhirsch@yahoo.com..Let me know soon !

All the best,

/ro**a

candidate

6 For this job someone would need experienceI n :

a model l ing

c working with young children7 What qualifications would someone need in

order to be considered for this iob?

a artistic

@ friendlyc canng

@ adventurous

@ sociablef sporty

@ tating pictures

Laura Hirsch

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iear Mr El l iot ,p I am writing to apply for the position of;)r3tographer which was advertised in this week's:r ine ed't'on of NY Magazine for Teens.p t am a 2O-year-old student. Two years ago Iiir3l< 6 one-year-course in photography and I haverilorrked as a photographer for our college-€wspaper. I have also worked part-time as a shoprssistant at a photo studio in my neighbourhood. lts rny ambition to study photography at UEL and;rrne day to work as a professional photographer'cr such prest igious magazines as Nat ional3eographic.p Despite my lack of formal work experience, I'eel that I am quite suitable for the position. I am,try friendly and sociable and I love travelling and,eeing different places. What is more, I am very"uent in both Engl ish and German. I can provide a-eference letter from my previous employer in which

am described as hard-working, efficient and a:hotographer with great potential. My portfolio isii 'ailable at your request.p Since the school hol idays include the months of- .r ly and August, I wi l l have no other commitments:rd I would be available to work the whole tworonths.

}' t may be contacted by telephone on 08657345lr via email at lhirsch@yahoo.com. I look forward to'eceiving a reply in due course.

b. Find and underline examples of thesefeatures in the letters.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

Look at the highlighted sentences/phrases inletter A and underline the correspondingappropriate sentences/phrases in letter B.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

Your turn

a. Read the rubric, then, answer the questionthat follows.

You have come across the following job ad inthe local newspaper and you want to apply forthe job. Write your letter of application.

: , '

ii Oo you: love to shop? Pay attention to ji l details? Why don't you get started as a

Mystery Shopper? Visit different businesses,pose as a customer, evaluate the service anocomplete an evaluation form. Get paid toshop at stores, eat at restaurants, watchmovies and more!

No experience is necessary.

Ap p ly o n I i n e dt rr! ::-:-Li;::.f ::. r.-t =:;ii:,:-rr.

1 What skills/qualifications do you think wouldhelp you get the job? Circle.

@ love shoppingb have worked as a shoo assistant

@ O. friendlyd have worked as a waiter/waitresse be fluent in foreign languagesf be a good organiserg be artistich be sportyi can drive a car

b. How are you going to begin and end yourletter?

A Dear Sir/Madam, C Dear;Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely,

B Dear Mystery shopper,Yours,

NoW write your letter of application. Useletter B from Ex. 2 as a model.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

4

5

,.ffiffiffi#ffi#ffiffi#s

"ours sincerelv,

/**o*'K'-aura Hirsch

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Compare the two letters. Which one uses anappropriate formal style suitable for a letterof application? Mark the features in the listbelow as A or 8.

passive voice Ba friendly, personal tone Aeveryday vocabulary Aformal linking wordVphrases Bphrasal verbs or idioms Along and complex sentences Badvanced vocabulary B 6colloquial expressions Aa polite, impersonal tone B

123456789

59

n r

StayingSafe

Vocabulary PracticeSelf-Defence

Fill in the gaps with the correct word/phrase.

. potential . disable . vulnerable . brains

. best defen6g e physical force . threatenedo fancy moves . victim . sense . attackedo late at night r target . potentially . g!.asp

ze distract . walk awav

Oliver Hook,

Most people manage to 13) walk away fromdangerous situations, others find themselvesseriously 14) threatened. The importantthing isnot to make yourself a(n) 15) target. Attackerslook for 16) vulnerable people.Avoid being the 17) victim.Protect yourself and becareful at alltimes.

Match the words in Column A to the words inColumn B. Then use the phrases to completethe sentences.

SELF.DEFENGE ADVICE FROM THE EXPERTS

ff you are being 1) attacksd and cannot runaway, the best thing to do is to use 2) physicalforce. Karate is the 3) best defence in suchsituations. A good karate instructor will teach youhow to escape an attacker's 4) grasp, or how to5) distract or 6) disable him. Karate is not onlyabout performing 7) fancy moves.It is also about using your brainand common 8) sense.

Linda Crant,

The important thing is to avoid a(n)9) potentialattack before it happens. The bestway to do that is to use your 10) brains. Avoidwalking home alone 11) late at night and carry

No, in the end she decided against i t .

what happened to the three teenagers?They were found guilty of armed robbery .

Do you think dangerous dr iv ing should betreated as a(n) minor offence?Absolutely not. lt is a very serious matter.

Did you manage to photograph the victim?No, unfortunately photographers were notal lowed at the cr ime scene.

What happens when people under 18break the law?They usual ly appear in juveni le court .

A: When should you f ight back?B: Only when it's the last resort. you should

try to walk away first.A: Are we safe when we go out alone at night?B: You are safe as long as you stay in wel l - l i t

areas.

sel f

mtnor

arme0

cflme

wel l

f ight

breakpress

a

b

c

d

e

tIh

the law

back

offence

cnarges

robbery

scene

l i t

defence

B :

2 A :B :

3 A :

6 .

4 A :

B :

5 A :

B :a mobile with you at al l t imes.Don't put yourselves in12) potentially dangerous ,,situations.

*w|Br

60

tlTh-lETqFT. It4rf-ltrTs lrel-6-lFT'ltrTd-l1 A: Did Mrs Barker press charges against

the burglar?

" l

lh

/ .

0e

n?ot

ld

t?l i t

8 A: Do you see Karen often?B: Yes, I see her twice a week

defence class.

at the self-

Underline the correct word, then fill in thecorrect preposition.

1 He was due to appear in courUprison lastMonday.

2 The robbers were taken to the police stationin handcuffs/custody.

3 She was sentenced/convicted to four years inprison for the accident she caused.

4 The pickpockets were immediately puVplaced

under arrest.5 Everyone was surprised when Mrs Bowler was

sentenced/charged with shoplifting.6 They have been accused/ordered of theft twice.7 The criminals were brouqht before the

iudqe/jury.8 She was attacked/armed by three teenage

ooys.

9 Three criminals escaped/abandoned fromprison yesterday.

10 They qot awav/ran away with murder.11 She was found/said gui l ty of k idnapping.'12 The burglars broke/entered into the flat at

three in the mornino.

Cross the odd word out.

1 pickpocket, burglar, )Dtn$, mugger2 police officer; ffii, security guard, detective3 barrister; shDp+if[6r, judge, juror

4 kidnapper; robber; Vir*i<r, thief5 vulnerable, weak, $Fe{q, defenceless

Circle the correct word.

1 George asked Miriam for a 6fbl drive home.Learning how to defend yourself wil l help youavoid a Ql"ntpt vulnerable attack.She made-lrerself r@l victim for thethieves.

;'1r: f ,

4 Children and the elderly aredfraEld/ disable

ta to protect themselves against criminals.5 Her friendGuhl harmed Sue's feelings.6 These things do not happen inGiDl true life.7 He asked to be left6l6i-dt/ lonely.8 The thief tr ied to@/ remove her bag as

she was walking down the street.9 The judges@/ met a difficult situation at

the t r ia l .1O Thankful ly she@)/ jumped away from the

rrgg.o 666;ffib/ harmtess.It is important to be @ / conscious ofyour surroundings when you are on your own.Paul managed to escape his attacker'r@/snatch.

6

1 1

1 2

234

7

4I-TTE High prices and bad service have drivenETE Many children run

trTtl The burglars managed to gett4Tb-l The woman was crying because they

were taking

away without being noticed by anyone.her dog away from her.away from home each year.

away many customers.

a

b

c

d

6 1

13 They were lying on the floor totallydffirrceiEB:/ threatened.

"14 Ue@empG)/ broke to escape from prison.==-€15 MrnyQ-ffun9gD/ barristers manage to avoid

a pnson sentence.

ld ioms

Filf in: wrisf, red, record, take.

Can you take down the victim's detailsolease?

Can I speak off the record?His sentence was a slao on the wrist.She was caught red-handed as she was robbinga store.

Phrasal verbs

Join the phrases to make complete sentences.

2

Grammar in UseThe passive

Fill in with the correct passive tense of theverbs in brackets.

1 A: What an amazing story!

B: lt is great, isn't it? lt was written (write) by

Agatha Christ ie.

2 A: When was lhe Lord of the Rrngs released?(The Lord ofthe Rrngslrelease)?

B : l n 2 0 0 1 .

3 A: ls this neighbourhood safe?

B: Not really. In fact, I hear that people are

attacked (attack) all the time.

4 A: Have they installed an alarm system yet?

B: No, the f i re alarm wi l l be instal led, ( instal l )

tomorrow but four security lights and two

locks have already been fitted (already/fit).

5 A: What happened to the burglars?

B: They were caught (catch) by the police as

they were coming out of the bank.

6 A: Did you hear that the high street will be

closed (close) tomorrow?

B: No! How am I going to get to work?

7 A: Has the university contacted you about your

grades?

B: No, I was told (tell) that the grades will be

sent (send) to us by mail.

8 A: What happened to Lisa?

B: She was mugged (mug) on her way to the

train station.

9 A: Did you buy the special anti-graffiti paint

for your walls?

B: Yes, we did. In fact, i t is being appl ied(apply) by the painters as we speak.

Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

Where do they teach self-defence courses?

Where sre self-defence rcurces taught?

Who broke the window?

Who was the window broken by?

When will you deliver the flowers?

When wi l l the f lowers be del ivered?

Have they called you about the job?

Have you been cal led about the job?

Did the mechanic fix the car?

Was the car fixed bv the mechanic?

6 Wil l Mrs Edwards marK the tests?

Wil l the tests be markeo oy Mrs Edwards?

3 Fill in the gaps with by or with.

1 The Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo

2 A new law has been passed by the government

3 The salad was made with veoetables from ourgaroen.

4 Kelly's bedroom walls are covered with posters

of U2.

5 The cake was fil led with strawberries ano

cream.

6 Pride and Prejudice was written by Jane Austen

i n 1 8 1 3 .

7 Our hol iday had been spoi l t by the bad

weather.

8 The package was tied up with string.

4 Change into the passive.

A thief stole an important paint ing from the

National Gallery yesterday. The gallery's security guard

reported the robbery to the police at 7pm last night

The police have arrested a man who they arequest ioning at the moment. The pol ice think he is the

man responsible but they haven't found any proof asyet. The police gave no more information. They said

they will carry out a full investigation. Gallery staff said

the gal lery wi l l not be open to the publ ic this week.(See Suggested Answers Section)

5 What do the newspaper headlines mean?Rewrite them into full sentences using thecorrect passive tense.

: HEALTH M|N|STER TO OPEN NEW

HOSPITAL TOMORROW .]aai$F''.@onrE.rtei.er'r

Ig,?lr:.g.gqPr E cHARcE Dwfrl rwo-iriiiffi,ESTOLEN PICASSO i

PAINTINGS FOUND

\ Maior strike to be orgarrised

f"

- by fire nsh_:ef1a*s!5r*,6a.*!da^./

1,. ATHLETE SERIOUSLY..' INJURED AT THE WEEKEND:"-*'* ^*'.* **-****

o;ff;dffi;'*" ;ffi ffi ;;'62

6

Causative form .

Use the causative formto rewrite the sentences.

1 The dentist will look at his teeth.l4e twill hsve his teeth laoked st (by the dentist).

2 The plumber is fixing the taps in my flat.I am having the taps in my flat fixed by theolumber.

3 The mechanic has repaired her motorbike.She had her motorbike repaired bv themechanic

4 An artist is painting a portrait of Susan.Susan is having her portrait painted by an artist.

5 A technician will connect our new telephoneline today.

Our new telephone l ine wi l l be connected bva technician today.

6 Someone delivers Leo's newspapers every day.Leo has his newspapers delivered every day.

7 The surgeon operated on Nick's arm.Nick had his arm operated on by the surgeon.

Write sentences using the causativeform.

1 The hairdresser is cutting Melanie's hair. Whatis Melanie doing? Melanie is having her ksir rut.

2 The painters will paint the Matthews' house.What will the Matthews do?The Matthews wi l l have their house paintedby the painters.

3 The dentist is cleaning John's teeth. What isJohn doing?

John is having his teeth cleaned by the dentist.4 A thief stole Lea's bag yesterday while she

was sitting at a caf6. What happened to Lea?Lea's bag was stolen by a thief yesterday whileshe was sitting at a caf6.

5 A nail artist had painted Jane's nails for thewedding. What had Jane done?Jane had had her nai ls painted by a nai l art istfor the wedding.

€lauses of result

Fill in the gaps with so or such.

He found so much useful information on theInternet that he'll finish the essay in no time.She was running so fast that she tripped overa rocK.

She has such bad grades that it will bedifficult for her to get a place at university.His behaviour was so irresponsible that theheadmaster expelled him.

5 She was so upset with the test results thaishe broke down crying.

9 Join the sentences using the linkers inbrackets.

1 Mary has had her flat broken into three times.She will have an alarm system installed. (forthis reason)

Mary has had her f lat broken into three t imes.For this reason, she wi l l have an alarm svsteminstal led.

2 Sunbathing can be very dangerous. lt isimportant to wear high-factor sunscreen.(therefore)

Sunbathing can be very dangerous. Therefore,i t is important to wear high-factor sunscreen.

3 There are many drawbacks to, this business plan.

We are thinking of coming up with a new one.(consequently)

There are many drawbacks to this business plan.

Consequently, we are thinking of coming upwith a new one.

4 Ben doesn't have a lot of money. He cannotbuy any insurance. (as a result)Ben doesn't have a lot of money. As a result,he cannot buy any insurance.

Everyfeach/eithe r/neither

10 Fill in: every, each, either or neither.

1 You can either call or e-mail me - whatever iseasier for you.

2 Every student has been given a safety leaflet.3 Neither of us felt l ike going to the cinema. We

were too tired.4 Each one of his chi ldren has got a ph.D.

Sentence transfarmations

11 Complete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 A thief has stolen Sally's jewellery.

Sally has had her jewellery stolen by a thief.Sally insured her flat yesterday.Sally had her flat insured yesterday.The alarm system keeps thieves away.Thieves are kept away by the alarm system.Two technicians installed the security windows.The security windows were installed by twotechnicians.

IO .

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I

63

ReadingRead the text about problems between teenagers and their parents and decide if each sentence is for F (false).

1 Teenagers don't feel that living with their parents is hard work. F2 The most common arguments between parents and teens are about untidiness

and household chores. T

3 Teenagers get very angry when parents refuse to help them with the housework. F4 A survey by St George University showed that there are many approaches to

teen-parent problems. T5 Yelling at teens and clearing up after them is particularly successful. F6 Letting teens experience the consequences of their actions is not a very

successful method. F7 Communication between parents and teens is very important according to

psychologists. T8 Parents should listen to what their children have to say. T9 Telling teens off because their room is untidy is totally unnecessary. F10 Understanding that teens' rooms are their own private space is quite , i

important. T

p arents complain that it is difficult to live with teenagers.5 Then again, teenagers say exactly the same thing abouttheir parentsl According to a recent survey, the most commonarguments between parents and teenagers are those regardinguntidiness and household chores. On the one hand, parents gomad over untidy rooms, clothes dropped on the floor and their

: ri ' ;

children's refusal to help with the housework. On the other hand,teenagers lose their patience continually when parents tell them off fordropping the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusingsuoermarket.

to do the shopping at the

T h" survey, conducted by St George,University, showed that different parents have different approaches

X to these problems. However, some approaches are much more suecessful than others. For example,those parents who yell at their teens for their untidiness, but later clear up after them, have fewer chances ofchanging their teens' behaviour. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences oftheir actions are more successful. For instance, when teenagers who don't help their parents with theshopping don't find their favourite food in the fridge, they are forced to reconsider their actions.

g'-tr sychologists say that the most important thing in parent-teen relationships is communication. Parents1-rE should talk to their teens but at the same time they should listen to what they have to say. Parentsshould tell their teens off when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their ownprivate space. Communication is a two-way process. lt is only by listening to and understanding each other,that problems between parents and teens can be solved.

{t'3,

64

5

4

f

Listening & SpeakingSafety tips ,::::,,:t::l

You will hear apresentel on auniversity radiostation, talkingabout safetytips forstudents. Decideif each sentenceis correct orincorrect. lf it iscorrect, tick (/) YES. lfit is incorrect, tick (/) NO.

lf you share a flat with others, there are times

when you can leave the windows open when

YES NO

you go our.2 People might fol low you into the halls of

residence.Always lock your bedroom door

Never take a taxi on your own after a night out.

I t is not a good idea to use cash-machines at

n igh t .

Marking your property doesn't make a

difference if it is stolen.

Expressing annoyance/Calming someone down

Circle the correct response.

1 A: I am sick and tired of the traffic on the roads!

b:f t r Larm oown!

b Take it down!

2 A: I won't tolerate the neighbour 's noise anymore.

B:@) Take i t easy. We' l l cal l the pol ice.

b l t isn' t enough.

3 A: I 'm absolutely fur ious about her playing music so latel

B: a Let your hair down !

@ r""p your hair on !

A: l 've had i t with his bad dr iv ing!

B: a That 's a bad idea.

@ oon't get so worked upl

A: l 'm fed up with her bad att i tude!

B:@ Relax t

b Look out!

A: l 've had enough of their s i l ly ideas.

A:@ Simmer down. They're only try ing to help.

b I guess so.

E VZ TV I ]E VA Tr a

Warning others

3 Fil l in the gaps in the dialoguewith the phrases below.

. if I were you o it's a bad idea too Don't do that o That's true. I suppose you're r ight

Paul: Brian, 1) if I were you I would turn

down the music. lt 's too loud.

Brian: But we're having a party, aren't

we?

Paul: Wel l , 2) i t 's a bad idea to keepyour neighbours awake just

because you feel like having apany.

Brian: Yes, 3) | suppose you're r ight.

Paul: So aren't you going to turn down

the music?

: Br ian : Wel l , I th ink we shou ld wa i t

unt i l a l l the guests leave. We

don't want to spoi l the fun.

Paul: 4) Don't do that, Brian. We'll get

in troublel The neighbours mrght

cal l the pol ice.

Brian: 5) That's true l' l l turn it down

straight away.

Word Formation

Complete the sentences with thecorrect derivative.

1 The burglar got into the house

through an open window.

BURGLE

2 He is in prison for armed

robbery. ROB

3 The kidnapper demanded

f 100,000. KIDNAP

A thief broke into my cal but he

didn't steal anything. THEFT

Every year shoplifting costs

department stores millions ofpounds in lost income.

SHOPLIFT

4

the

lesr la

s o f; o fthe

rntsrnts)wnter,

k .:9,))::.:.:":::::].:a,lillu

lrl:liii:l.tlilili:.aa.:::.. a:::::::,.

t:tl:tiiil!i)lltlti:::-:::,4:::::a:,:

65

Writing (an essay providing solutions to problems)

Let's get started

Read the rubric. Can you suggest any solutions to the problem?

1T A teen magazine is asking its readers to write in with their* suggestions on how to surf the Internet safely.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

Let's look closer

a. Read the article and complete the paragraph plan withthe headings below. Have any of your suggestions beenincluded in the article? ,. , , lo solutions/suggestions & posible resultsr what the problem is . summarise opinion

Which words has the writer used to introduce his suggestions and their results?

Read the article again and underline the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs. Can yousuggest afternative ones?

(See Srrooesred Answers section)

W tttost teens use a computer nowadays. The Internet allowsthem to chat with friends, find help with homework, do research andfind out the latest news. However, the Internet can also bedangerous if it is not used carefully.

@e-mail address or username. They should make sure it doesn'tidentify their age or gender in any way. This way someone cannotuse it to track them down. Also, users should never give outpersonal information online. By making sure they stay anonymous,they stop others from sending spam* and from using thisinformation to cause harm.

@- Another wav to stay safe when using the Internet is to keeponline friendships online. In cyberspace, it is easy for people topretend to be something they are not. Keeping friendships onlineavoids unnecessary danger.

ffip- Finally, it would be a good idea to only use websites that areclassed as child-friendly. In this way, users will be protected frominappropriate material.

@w Overall, there are a number of ways to make sure teens aresafe while they surf. lf they were put into practice, I believe youngpeople could be kept out of harm's way when they are online.*unwanted e-mails sent to you, usually advertising a product or service

Introduction(Para L) what the problem is

Main Body(Pan 2-4) solutions/suggestions & possible results

Conclusion(Para 5) summarise opinion

66

isays providing solutions to problems are pieces ofr' ', i 't-ifl9 in which you discuss a problem and its causesh ,',rell as the expected results or consequences of',:. ' suggestions. An essay providing solutions toi::clems should consist of:aL an introduction in which you state the problem

and/or what has caused it;a main body which consists of two or moreparagraphs present ing suggest ions and theirresults/consequences. You should start a newparagraph for each suggestion and its results/consequences;

I a conclusion in which you summarise your opinion.i=ays providing solutions to problems are normallyr.i-ieh in a formal style. They are usually found in-r3ir(spapers and magazines.

3 Match the problems (1-5)to the suggestions (a-e).Choose a problem and think of more suggestions.

FTFI buttying at schoolt21-.-l stress before examstrIE hazards of shopping online[4-f.l school vandalismFTcl car theft

a make a revision t imetableb talk to an adult you can trustc park in a safe place or in a garaged make sure your computer has security featurese install CCTV cameras

(See Suggested Answers Section)

Match the suggestions above to each of theresults below. Use the language in the table.

[TTal you will be very organised

l-2Te-l vandals will be caught red-handed

t3l-d-] hackers will not be able to see your cardnumber detai ls

FTq thieves will not have easy access to yourL d l

l5lTl they will be able to help and you will notsuffer alone

(See Suggested Answers Section)

a. A teen magazine has asked its readers togive suggestions on how to avoid stress beforeexams. Match the suggestions (1-5) to theircorresponding results (a-e).

start studying ahead of timetake short breakseat healthi ly and get enough sleepmake a revision timetablestudy with a friend

FFIrifslt2-l-E

discuss any difficulties that come upbe calm and be prepared for exammind be clear and studv t ime be moreeffective

t3l-d-l have energy and be able to concentrateIZI-e-] work be more organised and be able to

assess progress

b. Use the linking words and phrases from thetable to make sentences, as in the example.

A useful suggestion would be to start studying aheadof time. As a result, you will be calm and prepared fortheexam. (See Suggested Answers Section)

Your turn.Use your answers in Ex. 5 and your own ideasto write an article of 120-180 words providingsolutions to the problem. You can use thearticle in Ex. 2 as a model.

(See Suggested Answers Section)67

12345

To make suggestions:o A useful suggestion/Another solution would be

t o . .o . . . could be solved by . . .o Steps/Measures should be taken in order to solve/

dea lw i th . . .o Another way to ... is/would be to ...r The situation could be improved iflby ...o lt would be a good idea iflto ...o lt would help if you/we/etc ...

To present results and consequences:r As a result , . . .o This would mean thar . . .r T h e n , . .o By doing this, you/we/etc would .... l f . . , the result would be . . .r The effecUconsequence/result of ... would be ...o In this way, . . .

Forces ofnature

Vocabulary PracticeExtreme weather

2 Match the animals to their sounds.

Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 shore, coast,9e{, beach2 buzz, nlb<ce, chirp, hiss3 flood, avalanche, drought, b}€e4 chilly. fpDd{g, freezing. scorching5 bl izzard, thunderstorm, hai lstorm, shG

Complete with the correct preposition.

1 The hurricane destroyed everything inits path

2 Farmers are always complaining aboutthe weather.

Travellers to the region should be aware of thepossibility of terrorist attacks.How should we deal with this problem?

Tanya was frightened of spiders whenshe was young.

Look at the weather map and complete thegaps with words from below.

. showers . downpour drizzle . snowfall

. sleet . sunshine . chi l lv . hai l . warm

Nofthern lreland: A 1) chilly wet day for Belfast andarea. Cloudy, and expect a 2) downpour . Max temp 7-gdegrees C. Temperatures dropping to 3-5 degrees Clater in the day.

Scotland: Typical winter weather. Heavy 3) snowfallexpected in the Highlands. Edinburgh is cloudy with4) hail and 5) sleet. lt will probably change to snow byevening. Max temp 2-4 degrees C. Temperaturesdropping to below 0 degrees C later in the day.

York and North East England: A windy cloudy daythroughout the area. York is experiencing some light6) showers that will continue until late afternoon. Maxtemp 10-12 degrees C. Tonight strong winds. Min tempB-10 degrees C.

Southwest England and Wales: A cloudy day inWales with Cardifi experiencing some 7) drizzle.Chance of heavier rain as the day progresses. Maxtemp B-10 degrees C. Windy late in the evening. Mintemp 7-9 degrees C.

London and South East England: A beautiful day inEngland's capital. Lots of 8) sunshine and 9) warmtemperatures. Max temp 12-14 degrees C. Some rainexpected early this evening. Min temp B-10 degrees C.

i

\iL

I

: i ._tT.\

,4i

.,1

,i,tii:,l

, i

t,

,i

ift.

:l.f

4.

,XtT

iili,ri

F-l-f.lPT6-1FT.lt4T.lt-sl-alreTill

SNAKCS

cananes

OOVCS

horses

crickets

WOIVCS

a chirp

b twitter

c ne igh

d howl

e coo

f hiss

4

5

1 Tick (/) the correct box.

68

l l lrh)yI Q

d.9

c

lyhtlX

rp

tnl 6

axlin

tn'm

rin

FTg l seal2Te I t<irrerFIA climateFI;l weatherIET6I survivall6ld-i torrentialFTc I rood

Match the words in the columns then usethem to fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

8 Choose the correct word A, B, C or D

1 A . . . . . . . . of wind blew the papers off the table.A gash @ gust C gush D gasp

2 The dog was frightened by the sound of thethunder . . . . . . . . .A bett B bel @ nott D but l

3 The . . . . . . . of l ightning l i t up the whole garden.A flesh @ lastr C flame D flare

4 Be ing ou t in the . . . . . . . . . sun a l l morn ino maoeus feel quite weak.

@ Olazing B f laming C gr i l l ing D fryrng5 Come in, come in. What are you doing,

standing out there in the . . . . . . . cold?A frozen B froze @ freezing D .freeze

6 The l i t t le gir l smi led as the snow... . . . . . . landedon her tongue.

Qy tlake B drop C stone D cubeSudden ly , a . . . . . . . . . o f sunsh ine broke th rougnthe clouds.

A belt B line @ ruy D bolt8 My car windscreen was broken by huge hail

@ stones B flakes C pebbles D drops9 | got caught in the . . . . . . . . . ra in th is morn inq

and got soaking wet.

a condit ions

b rate

c porsontng

d rain

e oees

f changeg currents

1 Advances in medicine have improved thesurvival rate of patients suffering from cancer.

2 Sea currents make swimminq in the areaoangerous.

3 Killer bees attack anyone wno comes neartheir hive

After the meal in the restaurant. I sufferedfrom food poisoning.

Torrential rain caused massive floodino anoleft manv homeless.

6 The effects of climate change are beingstudied throughout the world.

7 Due to unsuitable weather condit ions theplane will have to be diverted to anotherairoort.

Underline the correct word to complete theidiom.

Suddenly everything went wrong: I didn,t getinto college, my best friend moved away, mygrandma got il l. But they say 'it never rains,but it pours/flows/streams'.

Simon wasn't looking very wel l this morning. Ithink he's feeling a little bit under thestorm/weather/cl i mate.I can't understand why you two are fighting.What a blizzard/hunicane/storm in a teacup.Tim has no idea what's happening in theworld. He has his head in the skies/clouds/heavens.

Karen stole my !hunc!g./lightning/breezewhen she wrote her name on the article I haowritten.

We should save for a stormy/rainy/cloudy day.When Liz got into the Royal Academy of Musicshe was on cloud nine/seven/eleven.Bob was really il l for a while, but now he,s asright as sleet/drizzlelrain.

10 Can you hear the wind? l t 's b lowing a . . . . . . . . !A drizzle B gust C breeze @ gale

Word FormationForm nouns from the verbs, using the suffixes-ion, -ing, -ment and use them to complete theSentences.

. erupt o poison . develop o transmit . move

. populate . warn . explode

A severe weather warning was broadcast onthe radio

The radio transmission was broadcast in manvdifferent countries.The eruption of the volcano destroyed manyhomes in the area.His i l lness was diagnosed as food poisoning.The world's population continues to rise.The marine biologists recorded the movementof the dolohins.The explosion in the mine was not fatal.A lot of money is spent every year on thedevelopment of new medicines.

69

A gush ing

B dr ipp ing@ pouringD flowing

9

6

7

4

5

6

7

8

Grammar in UsePhrasal verbs

Fillin: draw, turn, put, do, break, hold.

1 A: Johnny, you'd better do up your shoelaces

before you trip over them !

B : OK, Mum.

2 A: lt is getting late and I don't want to hold

you up any longer. Let's continue the

meeting tomorrow morning at nine.' B: See you at nine then.

3 A: I am going to be in London for a few days.

Can you put me up?

It will be my pleasure.

Did many people turn up at the party?

Not many, but we had a nice time.

5 A: When does your school break up for the

holidays?

B: Next Monday.

6 A: Can we draw up here for a moment? |

want to buy a newspaper.

B: Sure.

Modals

Circle the correct verb.

1 A: You haven't taken a break yet today. You

@lcan be hungry.B: Yes, l@/may eat a horsel

2 A: The students musV@have studied verymuch. Their test results are terrible!

B: They mighv@ improve if they wantgood grades.

3 A: Don't go out without a scarf and gloves!

The weather forecast said the temperature 4

@lcan drop to below zero.

B: You shouldl@be r ight. l ' l l take them

with me.

4 A: You're soaking wet. You@/might have

had your umbrella with you.B: I know I know. t musvG-n-oiidlhave taken

tr.

5 A: PeopleQg:tn'glshould go walking in the

mountains'^,v ino;: the correct equipment.

B: I agree. reopte@/may take greater

care

6 A:@-allMustn't I go home now?

B: Yes, you@lmight.

7 A: My b."r@/can have produced more

honey this summer There were plenty of

flowers.

3B :

4 A :

B :

2

a

b

c

d

e

f

I

F-l-a-l

t4ld-lITT|

reTe-lIrr/q

B: Perhaps trey@/wouldn't becauseof the storms.

8 A: What a downpour. The boatsGa-nTVmustn't

be sai l ing.

B: l 'm afraid you@/can be right.

Match the sentences to the meanings.

F]-CEI Billy looks tired. He can't have slept verywell

t2-l-61 Sally can't have been watering the plantsthis week. They are very dry.

That's his car. He must have left it here

after the party.

Tanya might not pass her driving test.

Helen is smil ing. She must have got that

new job.

Mark might not buy a new car this year.

He might not have been caught in the

storm

l 'm sure he did.

l 'm certain that she didn' t .

He probably didn' t .

It 's possible that she won't.

I t 's possible that he didn' t .

l 'm sure she did.

It's possible that he won't.

Rewrite the sentences, using an appropriatemodalverb.

1 lt's likely that it will rain later today.It mighVmay rain later today.

He probably didn' t go ski ing.

He mighVmay not have gone ski ing.

I think everything wi l l turn out wel l .

Everything may/might turn out wel l .

l 'm sure their plane took off on t ime.

Their olane must have taken off on t ime

70

hent.ter

oreof

use

tn't

very

ants

nere

that

5 l' l l let you drive me nome.You can dr ive me home.

6 l 'm not sure whether l ' l l go out tonight.I may/might go out tonight

7 lt is possibly snowing in Scotland right nowIt may/might be snowing rn Scotland right now

Choose the correct forms.

A: Hi, Gene. ls that you? What are you stil ldoing at home? You 1) could/should haveleft by now.

B: What do you mean? What t ime is i t?A : l t ' s 1 3 : 1 0 .

B: What? lt 2) may/can't be. My watch says12:30. lt 3) can't /must have stopped. I knew I ) sheLld/might have replaced the battery.

A: Never mind that now. You had better hurryor you 5) miqhVcan miss the train.

B: Okay, okay. lf I leave now, | 6) could/can'tstil l make it. By any chance 7) could/mightyou take me to the station?

A: Oh, al l r ight. | 8) should/mustn' t be there inabout five minutes.

Look at the pictures. Make deductions.(See Suggested

Answers Section)

Read the situations and make sentences fromthe words in the brackets. Use might or may.

(See Suggested Answers Section)1 | can't find my raincoat anywhere. I wonoer

where I put it.a: (you/puViVin the wardrobe)b: (you/efViVat work)

2 I can't find Sam. Do you know where he is?a: (he /go/for lunch)b: (hdgo/homdfor the day)Why didn't Gloria answer the phone? l'm sureshe was home all last night.a: (she/golto bed early)b: (she/not feel/like talking)Fred didn't come to the par1y. Do you knowwhy?

a: (hdhave/other plans)

b: (he/not have/anyone to go with)

Sentence transformationsComplete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

There is a chance that it will rain at the weekeno.It might rain at the weekend.We're sure Sheila hasn't taken the boat toMalta. The sea is too rough.She can't have taken the boat to Malta. Thesea is too rough.

He's got a terr ible headache. l 'm sure he'sbeen working in the sun al l morning.He's got a terrible headache. He must havebeen working in the sun al l morning.Floods are possible here, even in the hottestmonths of summer.There can be floods here. even in the hottestmonths of summer.l'm sure he didn't take his overcoat. Look. it 'sright there.

He must have forgotten to take his overcoat.Look, it 's right there.

7

5

8

6

7 11 They might be on holidoy

Reading

Read the text and questions below. For each question choose the correct letter (A, B, C or D).

he settlement of Oymyakon is situated in Eastern Siberia,Russia. lt is the coldest permanently inhabited place on Earth.

Temperatures are said to have reached as low as -96.16 degreesFahrenheit (71.2 Celsius). This is hardly surprising as Oymyakon lies

only a few hundred miles south of the Arctic Circle.

Oymyakon has not always been a permanent place of residence. Beforethe 1920s, Oymyakon was only visited by reindeer herders. Later, the Soviet

government took steps to settle these nomadic people and now the area boasts apopulation of about 800.

The people of Oymyakon have had to adapt in order to survive in this harsh environment. Owninglivestock (reindeer and horses) is essential for food and for trade. Growing fruits or vegetables is onlypossible in the short summer season. For the remainder of the time, the ground is frozen. Transportation isnot easy as dieselfreezes at -58 degrees Fahrenheit. In Oymyakon wearing fur is not a luxury but a necessity.Luckily, the local power station burns wood to provide homes with hot water and this makes indoor lifebearable.

Believe it or not, the local people sometimes choose to bathe in these sub-zero temperatures. Swimmingin icy water is said to prevent colds and pneumonia. The brave people who do this call themselves membersof the 'Walrus Club'. When you think about it, it is truly amazing what people can endure when they have to.

The writer's main purpose in writing this text

is to

A explain why people live in sub-zerotem0eratures.

B encourage people to visit Oymyakon.

C inform us about the Soviet Union.

@ describe what it is like to live under harsh

condit ions.

What does the writer tell us about reindeerherders?

/:\ _.Q! They used to be nomadic people.

B They were discouraged from living in

Oymyakon.

C They view fur as a luxury.

D They grow vegetables all year round.

When talking about reindeer and horses the

writer says people

A keep these animals as pets./i\ ,(B ) have livestock in order to survive.

C raise a wide var iety of animals.

D have them solely for their fur.

What does the writer say about bathingfrozen waters?

A The people who do i t are r isking theirB l t is only advisable for animals to do i t .

/-\ ,. ,€) lt has health benefits.D People do it because they enjoy it.

How might the writer best describesettlement of Oymyakon?

@ t is the coldest place on Earthwhere people actua l ive.

B lt is a well-known science

research station visited by ma

with much to see and do.72

C lt's a large Siberian town located

close to the Arctic Circle.

Listening & SpeakingWinter Holidays

. You will hear two people talking about awinter holiday. Fill in the missing informationin the numbered spaces.

Zoll SkiREsoRr/LocationThe resoft is in Austria in an attractive village 11762metres above sea level in the Hohe Tauern mountainrange.GilimateModerate continental climate. Winters 2f generallysunny with reliable and frequent snoMalls.Facilities&er 200 kilometres of ski runs. Activities include 3l ice-skating, tobogganing, sleigh rides and llama hikes.flpe of accommodation on offerr Hotelr Self-catering 4f chaletFrice of holiday€ 5) 530 for one week's stay at hotel including tworreals a day.RestaurantsThere are many different kinds. Prices are6f reasonable.

Expressing probabi I ity/possibil ity

Complete the dialogues (1-2) with sentences(a-g).

2 A: Are we st i l l going on the picnic this

afternoon?

Not l ikely. l t 's raining and 5) i t might keep

raining al l day.

Well, it has rained so much already, 6) it

should have stopped raining by this

afternoon.

B: I think you're being rather opt imist ic.

think we should postpone the picnic.

After all, even if the sun comes out, the

grass will be wet. We 7) could catch cold.

A: I think you're right. Let's go to the nev.

shopping centre.

e

tI

i t should have stopped raining

i t might keep raining

could catch cold

B:

a

n.)S

)S

reeta

1g)rs3.

rgrlyisiy.ife

2

Do you think we will have a white

Christmas this year?

1) l t might snow i f we're lucky.

What did the weather forecast say?

It said 2) it could get eveq warmer by the

end of the week.

The weather is so unpredictable these days!

Yes, 3) it can be warm and sunny even in

December.

I guess it isn't going to snow now.

It may be warm now, but you never know,

4) it could get cold later.

it could get cold c it could get even

later warmer

It might snow d i t can be

3 Match the picturesand the

They may be brother and sister.

He might not l ike medicine.

They might be studying.

He may be stopping the traffic.

They might be very talented.

She can' t have slept very wel l .

They could be on a course.

They might be father and son.

He may be i l l .

She may be bored.

They might be practising for a concert.

12 l t must be quite chi l ly.

13 They could be at university.

14 She may be a nurse.

Making speculations

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 A :

B :

A:

B :

B:

A:B :

trtrtrtrtrfi-]t - lrFlL:]

trtr

9

1 0

1 1

73

Writing (an e-mail replying to an invitation)

Getting started

Read the rubric and underline the key words, then answer the questions.

You have received an invitation to spend a weekend at your friend James' parents, cottaqe. Wilg ane-mail replvino to his invitation. In your e-mail you should. thank him for the invitation. say whether vou are able to qoa

What will you write? Who to?What style will you write in?

+tr!ffiry6

2

,|

2

H i J a m e s !

3 What must you include in your e-mai l?4 How could you begin/end your e-mail7

(See Suggested Answers Sectior:tLet's look closerRead the e-mails below and complete the paragraph plan. Which e-mail accepts the invitation and whichrefuses it? Underline the sentences that show us this.

Dear James,

pr.tt was great to get your e-mail. I

forward to the

Please thank your

me come! Write

always enjoy hearing your news!

@ fhanks so much for theinvitation to spend the weekend atyour parents' cottage. I would reallvlove to come! l've been studyingreally hard recently so it' l l be great

to relax on the beach and havesome fun !

p t have a couple of questionsabout the weekend! | work onFridays until 7pm. What time areyour parents planning to set out? lfwe are leaving earlier than 7, I canask for that day off! Also, whatshould I bring with me? Do you

think I will need anv warm clothes?

W|^ look ing

weekend already!parents for letting

back soon,

Love,

Jo

@no* are you? l 'm f ine! l 'm reall lenjoying the summerfarl

holidays sc

@manUs so much for inviting meto spend the weekend at yourparents' cottage! The cottagesounds wonderful. I really wish Icould come but unfortunately Ican't as my sister is getting marriedthat weekend. We're all reallv

p I really hope you have a goodtime at the cottage anyway. Haveyou invited anyone else? Are thereany interesting places to visit in thearea? | bet you' l l have a br i l l iantt ime. Wri te and tel l me al l about i t !

p tt would be really great to catchup soon. Perhaps we can meet up ina couple of weeks? Once again, I 'mso sorry | can't make the weekend.Love,

Dan

Introduction(Para l) openingremarks

(Para l) asking somequestions about theweekend

accepts the invitation refuses the invitation

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

1ilruaffiinviting people

Why don't you join us?It would be great if you could come along.Do you fancy joining us?It would really make my day if you could come.I would be so happy if you could make it.I do hope you can make it.You slmply must come.

Please say you'll come!It wouldn't be the same without you.

I won't take 'no' for an answer.

Choose from the phrases above to invite yourfriend to:

1 your birthday party.Please say you' l l come to my birthday party!

2 your school concert.It would be great if you could come along to myschool concert.

3 stay at your house for the weekend.You simply must come and stay at my housefor the weekend.

Choose from the phrases in the box toaccepVrefuse an invitation to:

1 your best friend's dinner party.2 go on a package holiday to Spain with your

fr iend.3 have a meal out with vour friend and his/her

paren$.4 your cousin's housewarming party.

lan[ua[gAccepting lnvitations

That would be greaVwonderful!

Thanks, that sounds lovely!

I would really love to!

I wouldn't miss it for the world !

Thank you, l ' l l definitely come/be there.

Refusing Invitations

That's so kind, but I really can't. I

l 'd love to, but . . .

Thanks so much, but . . .

Thanks, but l 'm afraid I can't make it

I real ly wish I could come but . . .

5

1 (accept)Thanks, that sounds lovely!

2 (refuse) | real ly wish I could come but . . .

3 (accept) That would be wonderful !

4 (refuse) l 'd love to, but ...

Your turn

Your English pen-friend has invited you to hersixteenth birthday party. Write an e-mailreplying to her invitation (60-80 words). Inyour e-mail, you should

. thank her for invit ing you

. refuse the invitation, giving a reasono suggest meeting up another time

Use the plan below to write your e-mail.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

Dear (+ yourfNendsfirst name),

Introduction(Pan l) opening remarksMain Body(Paru 2) tbankfriend- refuse giving reason

(e.9. study for exam)(Yan 3) suggest meeting u1t anotber time

(e.g. nut weekend)Conclusion(Para 4) closing remarksYours,(yourfirst name)

4ne

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a

a

a

a

a

a

a

o

a

a

75

Festive Ti me

Vocabulary PracticeFestivals & Special Days

Read what these people say about theirfavourite holidays and fill in the blanks withthe words below.

. cooks . card . music . light . let off

. chocolates . exchanqe . throw . visit

I 'm Marc Sarrazin and I'm 25 years old.

I'd say that Thanksgiving is mY

favourite holiday. In the USA it's

celebrated in a very big way. My

mum l) cooks a special dinner

with stuffed turkey and vegetables.

In the afternoon, we 2) visit friendsand relatives. We 3) exchange

greetings and watch football together.

1.fl:)#_r,litittfll!-r.+-q,ry.r.1 .t ii+ruiwi. "

My name is Roisin Joyce and I'm from

lreland. I l ike mosi celebrations, but

my birthday is my favourite day of

the year. I always celebrate theday in style! This year myparents gave me a beautiful4) card and a huge box ofdelicious 5f chocolates. Later, mY

friends took me io a fancyrestaurant where we had a great

meal and then listened to live 6) musicuntil after midnight.

rtaipr,,fllj,qWi$U.$W;$W.$$W

2 A .

B :

3 A :B :

1 A: What would you say your favourite thing is

to have for breakfast?

B: Hmmm, I guess l 'd have to say scrambled

eggs with toast.

What was the wedding cake made with?

It was made with vanilla sorbet, fresh

rasberries and bitter chocolate.

Are you ready to order your main course, Sir?

Yes. I think l ' l l have the gr i l led chicken with

a baked potato.

4 A: What time did you get back from your

date last night?

B: Gosh, I don' t know We danced and

laughed untr l the early hours.

5 A: The sauce is quite spicy

B: Did you use any hot chi l l i peppers?

l 'm Sandy Cane and I 'm 12. In

the UK we've got a special day

parties are really funbecause we 8) light bigbonfires and 9) let off

2 Cross the odd word out, as in the example.

1 sliced, chopped, WM, grated2 main course, trF#G, starter, dessert3 hot, spicy, bitter, Fi€4 paragliding, $dt, bowling. tennis5 course, pitch, poiS, rink

3 Match the words in the columns and then usethem to fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

F-l-elt-2-l-r-lFTblFTE-]FTqreTd-l

bitterhotgrated

gri l led

eafly

scrambled

a chicken

b cheese

c nours

d eggs

e chocolate

f chi l l i pepper

ffihru.*.

76

€ +: Can I serve the pasta now?ts: No, wait. We have to put the grated

cheese on first.

-tnderline the correct word, as in the example.

1 5he refused to give me the reeips/prescriptionror her apple pie.

j think l' l l have the raw/steamed rice insteaocf French fries.

3 Did you want your steak with melted/mashed potatoes?

4 il can't believe how expensive a bottle of stil l/bubbly water is at this restaurant.

5 You'll have to get a new set of golf skates/clubs for the match next week.

6 Can you believe there were over 20,000viewers/:peclqlors at the match?

7 Do you know who the f inal ists are in theten n is tournament/contest?

I That man over there was a silver medaldefender/winner at the Greek Olympics.

9 Why don't you join the school vol leybal lsociety/team?

'10 The f inal score/point of the game was 12-2.

5 llvlatch the sports in the list to the verbs in thetable.

n diving . ice-skating . hang-gl iding . athletics. basketball . cross-country running . aerobics' bungee jumping . scuba diving . baseball'snowboarding . yTln6trrf ing . swimming

Rewrite the sentences with the correct idiomfrom the list below.

r ball is in your court . have a 56ll o play bal. whole new ball Qdme o get the ball rol l ing

1 Let's start the process and start the baseball9ame.Let's get the ball rol l ing and begin thebaseball qame

2 We passed all our exams. Let's go outhave a great time.

We passed all our exams Let's go outhave a bal l .

3 | just started a new job and believe me it's acompletely different situation for meI just started a new job and bel ieve me i t 's awhole new bal l game.

4 lf you're not going to be co-operative, youmight as wel l just leave the class.l f you're not going to play bal l , you might aswel l just leave the class.

5 I lent you the money so now you must beresponsible and pay it back.I lent you the money so now the bal l is in yourcourt

Complete the sentences with although or inspite ofldespite.

1 Although I l ike boxing, I think i t is a verydangerous sport .

2 Despite/ln spite of being expensive, I tovesk i ing .

3 | think cross-country running is fun, despite/ inspite of being very chal lenging.

4 Jogging is an excellent way to get fit,a l though i t i s t i r ing .

5 'Hang-gliding

is exciting although it is expensive.

Phrasal verbs

Complete the sentences using verbs from thelist in the correct form.

. carry r put r bring . 199L

1 A: You should have stopped when yourealised you had hurt your ankle.

B : l k n o w , b u t i f l h a d n ' t c a r r i e d o n , Iwouldn't have come in second.

2 A: Have you any idea what brought on hisi l lness?

B.

3 A :

B :

4 A :B :

Probably the fact that he went out in thecold with no jacket on.

Did you see the smile on Sam's face whenhe f inished the race?Yes. He was happy because he knew hisdad was looking on.

Are you ready?

Just lbt me put on my coat and we can go

ano

and

8

i d iv ing, ice-skat ing, hang-gl iding. cross-country,runnrng. bungee jumping , scuba d iv ing ,snowboarding. windsurf ing, swimming

basketbal l . basebal l

athletics, aerobics

77

Grammar in Use(to) infinitive/-ing form

Complete the gaps with the correct form ofthe verbs in brackets.

1 A: lwant to r ide (r ide) my bike in the park.

B: Me too. Can I come (come) with you?

2 A: I am really looking forward to going (go)

to the match on Saturday.

B: l 'm not. I hate watching (watchXootball.

3 A: You had better get (get) lots of practice

before basketball season starts.

B: I agree. I will try to work (work) out as

often as I can.

4 A: Will you be allowed to eat (eat) sweets

after the operation?

B: Not really. My doctor said lwill need to cut

down (cut down) on fat and sugar.

5 A: Did you remember to wish (wish) Paul

Happy Birthday?

B: Oh, no! | forgot. l ' l l cal l (cal l ) him now!

A: Stop bi t ing (bi te) your nai ls and calm

oown-

B: Sorry but l 'm too nervous right now to

calm (calm) down.

11 A: Do you mind c ng (cal l ) Tna to see i f

she's coming tonight?

B: Sure, I was planning to call (call) her

anyway.

12 A: I can't believe you forgot to take (take)

your baseball glove with you.

B: I meant to put (put) it in the bag but then

I forgot.

Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form tocomplete the sentences about Jenny.

Jenny used to 1) play (play) tennis twice a week

but she stopped 2) exercising (exercise) last year

when she started 3) working (work) long hours

as an investment banker. Although Jenny has

been avoiding 4) eating (eat) fast food at work,

she has put on weight. Her doctor says that she

must 5) joln (oin) a gym as soon as possible and

try 6) to lose (lose) weight. Jenny can't wait to

7) start (start) exercising and is looking forward

to 8) getting (get) in shape.

Circle the correct answer.

1 A: l'll never forget to score l66rind>tfratwinning goal in the hockey match.

B: Yes, but you forgot thankingyour coach for all the help and time he gave

vou before the finals.

2

3

7 A :

B :

8 A :

B :

9 A :

B :

1 0 A :

B :

There's no point waiting (wait) for Liz.

She'll take hours to get ready.

How about meeting (meet) her later then?

It's no use waiting (wait) in the queue for

tickets.

How about ordering (order) them on line

then?

Sal ly can' t wait to join (oin) the swimming

team.

I know. She's planning to go (go) to try-

outs on Friday.

Coach, will you let me play (play) in the

final match?

l'm afraid it 's too late to take (take) on any

new players, Jim.

2 A: Why don't you try to drink l@.glass of water?

B: I did that. t ' t t try@/ to hold mybreath for a minute. Maybe that will stopmy hiccups.

3 A: Let's ttop@/ buying something atthat boutioue.

B: You can't be serious. You should stop totr'op @tt expensive shops like that.

4 A: They used to@/ going to the gym at

least twice a week, but they stopped.B: I couldn't stand that. l'm used toGGibl

get regular exercise.

5 A: Did you rememb.r@/ picking upsome milk from the shop?

B: Yes, but I don't remember to pay /

for it!

78

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nd

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O L

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up

t!9

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my:op

5dl Use the phrases in the list to complete thesentences about how to keep in shape. you

may have to change the form of the verbs.

. talk you out of your fitness goals

. try to go to the gym three times a weekr eat fattening foods . warm up e over-exercise

1 You should try to go to the gym three times aweek to establish good fitness habits.

2 Avoid eating fattening foods or you'll gainweight.

3 Don't let others talk you out of your fitnessgoals or you' l l be disappointed in yourself

4 You mustn't over-exercise as you will get soremuscles.

5 Remember to warm up before doing anySrrenuous

exercise or you could hurt yourself.

Look at the table, then rewrite the sentencesusing the verb in brackets in the correct form.

1 Pat is sorry he fouled the member of the otherteam. (regret)

Pat regrets fouling/having fouled the memberof the other team.

Tom has improved his serving skills over thelast year. (seem)

Tom seems to have improved his serving skillsover the last year.

Our team is losing by five points and there isonly a minute left in the game. (appear)

Our team appears to be losing by five points

and there is only a minute lef t in the game.

He usually goes to all his school matches. (tend)

He tends to go to all his school matches.The boys say they have been practising veryhard lately. (claim)

The boys claim to have been practising veryhard lately

Read the examples. Use the structures toexpress your preferences. Then complete theexchanges using similar structures.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

I'd prefer to stay at home.I prefer cycling to jogging.l'd rather play tennis than (play) basketballl'd better go to the gym.

1 A :B :

2 A :B :

3 A :

tTr6-lrzF-tl3I"lt4l-.1trl-d-trcTq

She should exercise more often.She'd better do more exercise.

Why don't we go to the football match?l'd prefer to stay at home.

I like exercising at home more than at thegym.

B: Really? | prefer going to the gym.

4 A: Shall we go to the courts for a game ofsouash?

B: Actually, l 'd rather play tennis than (play)

souash.

Word Forrnation

Match the words to form compound nouns.

yo9a

runner-

hang-

body

fizzy

balanced

a u p

b classes

c diet

d dr inks

e gl iding

f image

Sentence transformationsComplete the second sentence so that itmeans the same as the first. Use no more thanthree words.

1 Chris looks like he is really enjoying himself.Chris seems to be enjoying himself.

2 Last year he wasn't in the team because hewas very young.

Last year he was too young to be in the team.3 He can't wait to be in the finals in spring.

He is looking forward to being in the finals inspnng.

4 Maybe he will be a very good basketball player.He hopes he will become/to become a vervgood basketball player.

5 I 'm glad the coach put him in the team.It was nice of the coach to put hirn in theteam.

7

8

79

Infinitive -ing formPresent (to) work playingPresent

Continuous(to) be working

Perfect (to) have workec having worked

Perfect

Cont inuous

(to) have been

working

ReadingLook at the sentences below about aneating contest. Read the text todecide if each sentence is correct orincorrect. Mark the sentences as A, icorrect, or B, if incorrect.

2

3

4

5

tough competition from America's Sonya Thomas, 'The BlackWidow', who holds the record for eating 65 hard boiled eggs in7 minutes.Other world records include eating 137 chicken wings in 30minutes, 972 boxes of popcorn in 12 minutes and almost a kiloof butter in 5 minutes, but don't imagine you have to beenormous to break a record. Kobayashi weighs just 65 kilosand Thomas weighs only 55 kilos. In fact, being overweight isthought to be a disadvantage in competitive eating as body fatstops the stomach from expanding as much as it could.Kobayashi expands his stomach for a competition by eatinglarger and larger amounts of food, and then exercises so thefat will not get in the way during a competition.

The rules of Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest are quitesimple. Twenty competitors stand behind a long table with hotdogs and drinks. The competitors can eat them however theylike, but most usually dip their food in water to make it easier tochew and swallow. Whoever eats (and keeps down) the mosthot dogs in 12 minutes is the winner. 'lt's all about willpower,'says Kobayashi, who just picks up another hot dog, tears it inhalf and stuffs both halves into his mouth. Sounds delicious,doesn't it?

6 Most record breakers are overweight.

7 lt's a good idea to increase the amounts offood you eat before a competition.

8 There are many rules to obey at the contest.9 Competitors can't touch the food with their

hands.

10 The writer of the articie thinks the

comoetitions are fun.

B

B80

t hink of your favourite food. DoI you hunger for hamburgers? Do

jam doughnuts make your mouthwater? Do you crave chocolatemilkshakes or, perhaps, somethinghealthier like strawberries or mango?Now, how would you like to enter acompetition to eat mouthful aftermouthful as quickly as possible?Would a prize of five thousanddollars tempt you to try? Well, if thisis your idea of fun, you're not alone.Competitive eating is now a well-organised activity for thousands ofpeople from all over the world,although it's most popular in theUSA, where the tradition began.

Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contesttakes place every Fourth of July inConey lsland, New York. Accordingto legend, in 1916, four immigrantshad a hot dog eating contest at thesite of the first Nathan's stand toshow who was the most patriotic.Today, the competition bringstogether many of the world's bestcompetitive eaters. The currentchampion is Japan's TakeruKobayashi, who set a world recordof eating 53lz hot dogs in 12minutes, but this year he faces

Ususally the prize at an eating competition is

money. A

Competitive eating ohly happens in the USA. B

Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest first tookp lace in 1916. A

Only Americans compete in the contest. BThe world record holder is a man. A

Listening & SpeakingFestivals

You will hear a conversation betweenJanet and Sheila about an annual festival thatthey are thinking of attending. For questions1-6 choose A, B or C.

1 Who lives in the town of Pictou?

@ JanetB SheilaC Janet and Sheila

2 Sheila says that she is most interested inA going to the beach.

@ learning about Pictou.C catching fish in the

lake.: i

I ne testlvtttes at :

the Hector Festival,,.ilast forA one day.B two days.

@ five days.

The festival is held in ''::::'::' ":':: ':'t:t:'''':'t':'::::

honour of

A a boat.

@ a group of people.

C a special anniversary.

What wi l l Shei la do for the f i rst t ime?

@ f 'ear bagpipe musicB listen to Scottish singersC watch Scottish dancing

Who gets a discount on tickets to the events?A students

B adults

@ students and older people

Avoiding direct questions

Circle the correct response.

1 A: Do you drink a lot of water?B : a l l i k e i t .

@ t,tot that much, I guess.

2 A: Do you eat any dairy products?

B: a Exactly.

@ trtot that often.

3

A: Do you play volleyball?A : @ f r . . . s o m e t i m e s .

b l t might be.

A: How often do you ride your bike?B : a l d o .

@ whenever I can

5 A: Do you drink a lot of fizzy drinks?B:@ Not real ly.

b l 'd love one.

Asking for/Giving directions

a. Complete the conversation with theexpressions below.o next to the officeso they are just behind itr Yes, sorry. Where's the gym, please. You need to turn right at reception

A: You look kind of lost. Can I help you?B: 1) Yes, sorry. Where's the gym, please?A: lt's 2) next to the offices.B: How do I get to the offices?A: 3) You need to turn right at reception.B: Are the offices next to receotion?A: Actually, 4) they are just behind it .B: Thanks a lot.

b. Complete the dialogue with the expressionsbelow.

o How do you travel to work every day?o How often do you exercise?I What do you usually have for lunch?r What do you usually drink?

A: Would you say that your eating habits arehealthy?I suppose so.1) What do you usual ly have for lunch?It depends, really. lt 's usually a packed lunchfrom home.2) What do you usual ly dr ink?About 2 litres of water per day, plus fruit juicefor breakfast.3) How often do you exercise?Unfortunately, I don't as I work really long hours.4) How do you travel to work every day?Sometimes I walk but most of the time I takethe bus.

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A:B :

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8 1

Writing (a survey report)Getting started

Read the rubric and underline the key words/phrases. What words/phrases can you think of related to theword survey? report, statistics, results, carry out, information, questions, majority. minority, percenr erc

Your teacher has asked you to write a survev report about the improvementsstudents would like made to their school.

Write a report about the improvements your fellow classmates would like made to their school.

Let's look closer

2 a. Read the report and fill in the subheadings below. There is onesubheading you do not need to use.' Introduction o Food o conclusion o Vegetarian Dishes o Drinks

Ms Pash, Headmistress

Jan Ferguson, Class PresidentSchool improvements12th January

@ lntroduction

The aim of this report is to present the results of a survey in which500 pupils were questioned about the improvements they wouldlike made to the school.

Wp roodThe majority of the pupils would like to see a larger variety of foodin the school cafeteria. In fact, three out of five would like to see avegetarian dish on the menu each dav.

fu*. OrinksAlthough many pupils drink fizzy drinks, fruit drinks are morepopular among the students. Fifty percent of the pupils askeoadmitted having more than one fizzy drink per day, however, thevsaid they would prefer fruit drinks.

fua, ConclusionTo sum up. a large number of pupils prefer to have vegetarian mealsand fruit drinks instead of junk food or fizzy drinks on the menu. Irecommend that the School Board take action to make morehealthy options available to pupils.

b. Read the report and complete the paragraph plan. In which paragraph(s) does the writer present theresults of his survey? In which paragraph(s) does he summarise his points? ln which paragraph(s) doeshe state the purpose and content of his report?

(Para 1) state the purpose andcontent of the report

(Para 2) present the results ofthe sur-vey related to food

(Para 3) present the results ofthe survey related to drinks

(Para 4) summarise the points

82

Which of the following are true when we writea survey? Look at the report in Ex. 2 andanswer.

a The style of writing is informal. Tb The person who is going to read the report

is someone in authority. Tc We write our points under subheadings. T

4 Complete the following sentences with itemsfrom the box above.

1 The purpose/aim of this report is to show whatthe majority of pupils feel about cafeteria food.

2 The majority of pupils want healthier food tobe served in the cafeteria.

3 Only a small number of students bring packed

lunches.

4 As requested, this report was written/carriedout to present the results of a survey regardingthe W programmes teenagers prefer to watch.

5 The extracts below are written in the wrongstyle. Read them and replace the words/phrases in bold with more suitable ones fromthe lists.

. finally . excellent . what is more

. directly . therefore

Parkdale Community Centre is one of the mostconvenient youth centres in town. lt is located nearthe secondary school 'l) so it is easily accessible tostudents. 2) Also, there is a large skating rink3) right behind it. 4) The last thing is, there are5) good facilities for people with special needs.

. rmprove the centrer the aim of this report is

6) l've written this report toto 7) make the centre better.

6 The aim of this 7reoort ts

34

12

thereforeWhat is more

directlyFinal ly

excellent

recommend ways

rmprove tne centre

. attract . altered o to sum uo

8) To cut a long story short, the communitycentre would 9) get more people if some thingswere 10) changed.

8 To sum up9 attract

10 altered

Your turn

6 a. You work for the local newspaper. Theeditor has asked you to carry out a surveyin order to find out what people in yourtown would like to see done to improve thecommunity centre. Read the ideas belowand put them under the correctsubheadings in the table.r stay open late at the weekendso dance competitions. cake & second-hand clothes sales. larger canteeno new tennis balls and racquets. larger seating area. bingo evenings. baby-changing room. disabled WC

Use the information from Ex. 6a as well asyour own ideas to write the survey report.You can use the report in Ex. 2 as a model.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

b.

83

facilitieslarger canteen, larger seating area,baby-changing room, disabled WC

equipment new tennis bal ls and racouets

more eventsdance competitions, cake & second-hand clothes sales, bingo evenings

openrng

hoursstay open late at the weekends

ff i ff i-\&wWYffirr'{}

4 :4 :

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\ l1 l

V l

5

6

7

8

special features

2 Choose the correct word. Use the phrases in sentences of your own.

1 give him the benefiVright of the doubt

2 do/make me a favour

3 keep an ear/eye on things

4 it drives/leads me crazy

5 hold/keeR on good terms with

o Chores

3 Complete the verbs. Make sentences using the phrases.

1 mop the floor

2 feed the pet

3 clear the table

4 take out the rubbish

6 noise really gets on my nerves/head

7 get into trouble/fun

8 my feeling/sense of humour

9 see life in a comical lamp/light

10 what comes to mind/head when

lrlllrliit.:lt,,r,atti

(See Suggested Answers Section

del iver the furni ture

vacuum the carpets

change the sheets

clean the oven(See Suggested Answers Section)

Unit 1a People

Draw lines to complete the mindmaps with these words. You can add your own words, too. Compare withyour partner.

. c u i l y . b e a r d r w d W . S l i m . b r o w n . s t r a i g h t . m o u s t a c h e . s h o r t . f r e c k l e s r b a l d . p l u m p . n e i g h b o u r

.ave ragehe igh t . t hough t fu l . cu r i ous .ca re less .b lue .S feen eea r l y teens .b ro the r . f o rge t fu l . s i s te r

.m idd le -aged .cous in .o ld . co -worke r .d i so rgan ised . th in .amb i t i ous .se l f i sh . funny .c rea t i ve

. best friend . imaqinative . classmate o honest o tall

ffi ffi

86

Uni t 2. The Environment

Draw lines to complete the mindmap with these words. In pairs, add two more to each category.' p r a i r i e . b a l d e a g l e . b i s o n . b o a . s e a t u r t l e . h e d g e r o w . p a n d a . b u t t e r f l y o m o u n t a i n s'ch impanzee espot teddo lph in . t iger .b rownhare .ocean.ch inch i l la . l i za rd eo t te r obee oant. cockroach .woodlands . farmland .jungle . pond . river . lake .wetlands . macaw

2 Complete the phrases. Use them in sentences of your own.

. factory . air . danger . wildlife . live

6 soil erosion7 to release oxygen8 air pol lut ion

9 be in danger of extinction10 l ive in the wi ld

(See Suggested Answers Section)

3 Put the words in brackets into the correct form.

1 The tiger is a(n) dangerous (danger) species. We must do what we can to protect it.2 Many plants are on the verge of extinction (extinct).3 one of our main concerns is the protection (protect) of the environment.4 san Diego Zoo is famous for its animal breeding (breed) programmes.5 | don't think it was his intention (intend) to drop litter in the National park.6 she is studying environmental (environment) science at university.7 The local council is trying to make improvements (improve) to the town park.8 We are full of admiration (admire) for her because she does so much for the environment.9 Don't swim there! The water is contaminated (contaminate).

10 lf trees are cut down, then soil erosion (erode) willoccur.

87

o release . cut down . environmental . soil . endangered

'l cut down trees2 endangered species3 environmental groups4 wi ldl i fe habitat5 factory waste

on)

wffiffiffiWffi-lh#ftr w

Unit 3. Travel

Match the words in Column A to the words in Column B.

A

f-fl-all-216-lm@

boarding

boot

flat

rush

lSTil check-inloTEl buffetlTTd I roadlE'Iel outy

a passb lockc card map

e free

f desk

g hour

h tyre

2 Put the words in the list under the correct category.

. l and ing .sea tbe l t . t ake -o f f . c ru i se .ca r r i age rboo t . f l i gh t r compar tmen t . check - i6 ep la t fo rm

.cabin ostat ion epor t oaccelerator rexhaustp ipe obonnet .deck.s teer ingwheel .6 t iug1 opi lo t

. captain . crew . ticket inspector . air steward

cruise, cabin, port , deck,

captarncarriage, compartment,

platform, station, deck,f i r lzof in<nortnr

' J V L ! ! v '

take off , f l ight, landing,

compartment, check in,pilot, crew, air steward

seatbelt, boot, accelerator,

exhaust pipe, bonnet,

steering wheel, driver

3

. Accommodation

List the words under the right headings.

. cottage . lawn . terraced . garden . detachedr fifth floor . flat . balcony o attic . cellar . hall

. two storey o bungalow . bedsit t corridor . landing. garage . fence . flower beds . semi-detached . drain

cottage, terraced, detached, two

storey, bungalow, fifth floor, flat,

semi-detached

bedsit , corr idor, landing, at t ic, cel lar,

ha l l

lawn, garden, balcony, garage,

fence, flowerbeds, drain

4 Underline the correct item.

1 We took a beautiful walk along/by the beach.

2 lt is cheaper to travel there on/by car.

3 When we get towards/off the ship, we'll take the bus straight to the hotel.

4 lt takes them about fifteen minutes to go to the beach on/by foot.

88

5 Walk towards/along the train station and you'll see the bank on your right

Uni t 4. Education

Correct the sentences. Use the words: enrolling, resit, miss, seminor, sitting, university, subjects, revise.

1 | can't come with you. l'm passing an exam tomorrow. sitting2 The school offers a wide range of lessons. subjects3 lf I fail my exam, l'll have to do it next September. resit4 Before an exam, you should read for it. revise5 lf you lose classes, you won't do well in the exams. mtss6 He's a professor in a primary school. university7 The professor gave a 45-minute conference on endangered species. seminar8 l'm interested in attending in that course. enrolling

2 Circle the odd one out.

1 art, matfrs,@-rDz tea.r'"r,(r@professorg G;G;;;ok, pen

o Human Sounds

4 classroom, lab,@s GEd-e)test, exam6 secondary, primaryGGil)

3 Put the verbs into the correct form to complete each sentence.

o grun t .wh is t le .cough .snore .sneeze .yawn .s igh .ye lp .sn i f f o g roan

1 My father snores so loudly when he's sleeping that he keeps everybody else awake!

2 The fans whistled when the striker missed an open goal.

3 She groaned in surprlse when I suddenly opened the door.

4 He was in such a bad mood that when I spoke to him he just grunted in reply.

5 Robert sighed wearily when he realised how much work he had to do.

6 He yawned loudly and then said he was going to bed.

7 My mother has stopped coughing since she gave up smoking.

8 | always sneeze when I smell pepper.

9 He sniffed the air suspiciously, afraid that he could smell smoke.

10 | gave a small yelp of surprise when he told me how much money he earned. r

o Sounds

Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the correct form of the appropriate sound verb.

. crackle o sing . howl . rumble . creak r rustle

1 As we were walking through the forest, the leaves rustled in the wind.

2 | walked slowly across the robm and the floorboards creaked under my weight.

3 What a beaut i ful day! The sun is shining, a breeze is blowing and the birds are singing .

4 | think there is going to be a storm. I can hear thunder rumbl ing in the distance.

5 | didn't sleep a wink all night because the wind howled really loudly.

6 We decided to stav in and watch W in front of the cracklinq fire.

n

4

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2

Unit 5. Moods & Feelings

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 He clenched/curled his fist angrily when he heard the bad news.2 She always twists/crosses her legs when she's sitting down. ;.,3 The boys stood in front of the teacher with their heads bowed/bent.4 He folded/creased his arms and thought for a moment before answering.5 The guard stood smartly to attention with his back straighvstiff.6 She put her hands on her legs/fr,ipand looked at the dirty room with her mouth open.

. Ways of looking

Fill in; glare, blink, glimpse, wink, stare, peer, glance, frown, gozed, peep.

1 She glanced at me in disbel ief when l told her the news.2 She blinked her eyes rapidly as she tried to stop her tears.3 As we drove through the park, we gazed some squirrels playing in the trees.4 The little boy put his hands over his face and peeped shyly at us through his fingers.5 The referee glimpsed quickly at his watch and then blew his whistle to start the game.6 | peered through the dirty window trying to see who was in the room.7 The exhausted hikers stared at the camp flre in silence as the flames slowly died.8 Our teacher frowned with disappointment when she saw how badly we had done in the test.9 She glared angrily at the boys who had broken her window.

10 My brother winked at me to show me that there was nothing to worry about.

o Ways of walking

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 They strolled/crept slowly around the park, enjoying the evening sunshine.2 The soldiers stamped/marched smartly across the square.3 She hopped/plodded slowly up the hill, the heavy shopping bags cutting into her hands.4 I must have tramped/crawled the streets for hours before I found a place to sleep.5 Everybody cheered when the exhausted athlete finally staggered/strayed across the finishing line.6 ln the dark, I stumbled/drifted on a stone and nearly f.ll

-

7 The captain stalked/limped slowly from the field after twisting his ankle.8 The tourists trooped/wandered around the market, not really wanting to buy anything.

o Ways of laughing

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 The teacher became annoyed with the little girrs' childish grinning/giggling.2 He chuckled/grinned quietly to himself as he read her amusing tettE--3 | could tell from the biggrin/laugh on his face that he was pleased about something.4 She gave a polite smile/giggle of thanks when her boss conqratulated her.

3

4

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Unit 6r Entertainment

Complete the spidergram with as many words as possible.

drama chi ldren's

act ion

comedy

scrence

true life story

fiction

3

fictional fantasv

2 Fill in: review, trailer, foyer, plot, performonce.

1 Before the main film there was a trailer for the following week's film.2 The review by the "Times" critic was good.

3 Let's go to the 9 o'clock performance shall we?4 We can meet in the foyer if you like.5 The plot was rather dul l and unimaginat ive.

Underline the correct word.

1 The conductor and the orchestra/band bowed at the end of the concert.2 Beethoven was a musician/cogg1.3 We haven't seen this group on stage/theatre.4 The spectators/aug[ence listened in silence.5 The viewers/fans screamed wildly when the band started singing.6 We've always wanted to hear them live/alive in concert.7 Their new CD is in the peaUtop ten.

8 We couldn't hear the lyrics/plot very well, but we were glad to be at this concert.

Cross the odd one out.

1 star; blockbuster; film,Dhcd.2 audience, film, rfbsEe, applause3 Fq@. album, track, song4 subtitles, dubbed,)d<( English

45

6

theatre, cinema, caf6, @@concert hall, q:mdy, musicalband

cast, director,Hieq. film

performance,

9 1

Uni t 7. Work

1 Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the text below.

' a p p l i e d f o r . i n t e r v i e w s . b e o f f e r e d a j o b . p r o m o t e d . s a c k e d . s e l f - e m p l o y e d . f r e e l a n c e. out of work . shift work o overtime . employer . made redundant

I am proud to say that I have never been 1) sacked frortr any job, but I was 2) made redundant just over a year ago.even though I had recently been 3) promoted to senior editor. After that, I was 4) self-employed for about sixmonths and in that time I must have 5) applied for hundreds of jobs and gone for dozens of 6) interviews. I wasbeginning to think I would never 7) be offered a job again, even though I am quite prepared to do g) shift work anoas much 9) overtime as an 10) employer could possibly ask. Then my luck changed. A friend told me about a coursefor 11) freelance writers. Surprisingly, the thought of working for myself had never crossed my mind, but I decidedthat being 12) out of work might not be such a bad idea, after all. So far, things are going quite well.

2 Choose the correct answer A, B or C.

1 Vivian

n igh t

isn't at home tonight; she's working the 5 You can trust her completely;she's very... . . . . . . . .

@ reliable B dedicated C patientA overtime @ shift C hours

Why don't you apply for this job? You have gotvery good computerA degree B licence @ skills

3 Jason wants to

Mike works fo r a pub l l sh ing . . . . . . . . . . .A business B industry @ company

She f inds her job very . . . . . . . . . . ; a l l she does isanswer the phone and type a couple of lettersevery oay.A stressful

pursue a . . . . . . . . . . in adver t is ing.B job C profession@ career @ boring C creative

Although my job isn't very well-paid, it's very... . . . . . . . ; I learn something new every day.A satisfying @ challenging C repetitive

@ earns B gains C wins

3 Complete the sentences with a word derived from the words in brackets.

1 This artist must be very good; his work is quite impressive . (impress)2 She writes the script for a TV series; it's a very creative job. (create)3 lt wasn't very sensible of you to quit your job. (sense)4 She's a volunteer for the Red Cross. lsn't that interesting? (interest)5 | won't apply for this job because l'm not at all interested in this kind of work. (interest)6 Be very careful how you reply to this e-mail; these are very good clients. (care)7 Why don't you talk to Harry about this business idea of yours? He's completely reliable. (rely)8 She works for an environmental organisation. They do amazing work there. (amaze)

92

lo,stx'as

1d

) C

- U

IS

-rrs

Uni t 8. CrimeComplete the sentences with derivatives of the words in brackets.

1 When Stuart went home last night, he found a burglar in his flat. (burgle)2 The number of muggings in the neighbourhood has gone down the past couple of years. (mug)3 The men are guilty of at least ten bank robberies. (rob)

4 The family are waiting for a call from their son's kidnappers. (kidnap)5 Shoplifters will be immediately arrested. (shoplifting)

6 Be careful in this neighbourhood; young children are usually pickpocketers. (pickpocket)7 He ran after the thief but didn't manage to catch him. (theft)

Use the words in the list to complete the spidergrams.

r w i t n e s s r b a r r i s t e r . d e t e c t i v e . s e c u r i t y g u a r d o j u r o r . m u g g e r . t h i e f . b u r g l a r r j u o g e. bank robber . offender o police officer

mugger offender

th ie f@ sg6g111y gu6r6

burg la r bank robber

3 Match the phrases in Column A to the phrases in Column B.

2

erdetective

B

a to ten years in prison

b with blank robbery

c charges

d gui l ty

e under arrestf the lawg before the judge

h in court

barristwrtness

pressbreakfoundappearplacebe sentencedbe chargedbe brought

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1 The police arrested him for driving without a licence.2 He was charged with receiving stolen goods.3 The men were accused of theft.4 They were convicted for a serious crime and sent to prison.5 The judge sentenced them to 10 years in prison.

re[mFf,ilmlE-l_e-ll-6Elm@

4

mugger

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W% i9iffi ffi tr"-' # # w

Unit 9

. Animal Sounds

Match the animals to the sounds'

miapw hjss

%mww BOAB

lf Dh*t

(See Suggested Answers sectlon)

. Collective nouns

2Putat ick( / ) in theboxestomatchthecol lect ivenounstotheanimals '

colony /

school /

flock /,t/herd /

,/pack

/ ,/troop

swarm {/pride

. Weather sounds

Underline the correct word in each sentence'

1 We sat in the tent listening to the gentle patter/clatter of raindrops on the canvas'

2Theskygrewdarkandinthedis tancetherewasamutter / rumbleof thunder .3Thewindhowled/murmureda| |n ight ,makingi td i f f icu l t forustos|eep.4Thelighteningstruckthegroundandwasimmediatelyfo| lowedbythesuddenclaR/f lashofthunder.

94

t23

4

5

Uni t 10. Cooking MethodsChoose the correct word to complete each sentence.. f ry .s team .boi l .s immer o roast .bake .poach o gr i l l

steamed vegetables taste better and contain more vitamins than vegetables that have been boiled in water.Eggs are often fried in a little fat, but they taste just as good if they are poached in water.You can roast the potatoes in the oven with a little oil, but it is healthier if you leave out the oil and iustbake them.Fish is delicious if you grill it over charcoal, but you have to be careful it does not burn.A good stew should never boir, the riquid shourd just simmer gentry.

r Meals

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.r main course . side dish,lr,d.qqSerts r..sJ.qrtgr . snack

1 | don't have time for a proper lunch; I nor,mally just have a quick snack.2 Would you like meat or fish for your main course?3 | don't like desserts that are very sweet.4 A fresh green salad makes a good side dish to go with this mear.5 we weren't very hungry, so we decided not to have a starter to begin the mear.

o Sports

Underline the correct word in each sentence.

1 That football club suffered their heaviest failure/defeat ever last week. They lost 1 5-0 !2 l'm sure she will beavwin, she's much faster than any of the others.3 | like to play a game/competition of tennis whenever I can.4 The umpire/referee stopped the fight when one of the boxers was injured.5 Last night's football match/contest was so exciting that I was on the edge of my seat most of the time.6 They have some very good spectators/glayers and so I think they will be the champions this season.7 we're looking for people to make up a crowd/team for cricket this saturday. Are you interested in playing?

2

3

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Uni t 1I Present simpte - Present continuous

Complete the exchanges below with the

correct form of the verbs in brackets'

1 A: Where are You going (You/go)?

B: To the cinema. Do you want (you/want)

to come?

2 A: Where is (be) Your neighbour?

B: She's away on a business trip' I am looking

(look) after her garden at the moment'

A: How often do You go (You/go) to the

hairdresser's?

About once every two months'

Why are you smelling (you/smell) the

flowers?B: They smell (smell) beautiful'

A: Where does Luke work (Luke/work)?

B: At a bank down town' He works (work) as

a clerk.

Are you going (You/go) on holidaY?

Yes, I am flying (fly) to London tomorrow

mornlng.

7 A: What time does the train leave (the train/

leave)?

B: At quarter Past eight'

8 A: Have you got any plans for tonight? -

B: Yes, I am seeing (see) Mike' Care to Joln us/

) Present Perfect simPle - Presentpertedcontinuous

) Complete the questions as in the example'3

Then, answer them about Yourself'

1 HaveYau everbeento Paris? (be)'{es' lhcve' / t'la, l've nev*r been ta Paris"

Have.you ever gone Dungee jumping? (go)

No, l 've never gone bungee Jumplng'

Have you ever driven a lorry? (drive)

Yes, I have.

Have you ever met anybody famous? (meet)

Yes, I have

Have you ever tried sushi? (tY)

No, I have never tr ied sushi '

B:

B :

Use the phrases to make sentences' as in the

example.

they/walk/two hours

Tkey have been wnlking far twa haurs"

she/do the gardening/this morning

She has been doing the gardening thrs morning

they/send e-mails/morning

They have been sending e-mai ls in the morntng'

he/work ouVtwentY minutes

He has been working out for twenty minutes'

4 Underline the correct form of the verb'

1 Jude has been working/has worked in the

garden for the Past two nours'

2 Have you had/Have you been having dinner

yet?

3 .iane has visited/has been visiting Portugat

before.

4 Fiona has been reading/has read this book

since last summer!

5 James has studied/has been studying law'

He now works for a big law firm'

6 Have you ever eaten/been eating caviar? lt's

deIcious!

5 Filf in: never, yet, for, since, ever, olready' iust'

1 Paula has alreadY had dinner'

2 Helen has never been to Australia'

3 | haven't finished the project yet'

4 We have been waiting here for over an hour'

5 Owen has lived abroad srnce 2004'

6 Has David ever had Chinese food?

7 Kate has already left the building' You might

catch uP with her if You hurry'

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Unit 2) Modal Verbs

Underline the correct item.

1 A: The wolf in that cage looks hungry. l ' l l give

him something to eat.B: No! You mustn'Udon't have to feed the

animals. lt 's not allowed.2 A: Your dog has been barking for ages. Can't

you do something to keep him quiet?

B: lt 's time for his walk. I musVshould takehim to the oark.

3 A: l 'm going hiking in the Nat ional Park at theweekend.

B: You ought to/must wear good hiking boots.4 A: My son would really like a pet.

B: You have to/should get him a puppy.

5 A: Didn't you see the sign? You doh't haveto/mustn't throw rubbish here.

cages.

B: Yes. They musVshould be living in theirnatural habitat.

Write what you must/musfn't do at the zoo.

1 feed the animals (X)

You mustn' t feed the animals.2 pet the tigers (I)

You mustn' t pet the t igers.3 obey the zoo keepers (/)

You must obey the zoo keepers4 keep quiet (/)

You must keep quiet.

5 climb into animals' cages (I)

You mustn' t c l imb into animal cages6 use a camera flash (.x)

You mustn't use a camera flash.

) Will/Goingto

Fill in the correct form (begoingtoorwill) of theverbs in brackets.

3

Oh? Sorry. I didn't see the srgn.Don't forget to water the plants while I amaway on holiday.

MusVShould I water them every day?I think that governments ought to/havgto do mor,e to protect the rainforests.I absolutely agree.

I like zoos but it 's a pity the animals are in 4

Why are you dressed in this suit?Because I am going to meet (meet) MrSul l ivan in an hour.

What are your plans for the summer?We are going to spend (spend) August in

I will show (show) you.

It's too hot in here.

I will open (open) the window.What are all these eggs for?I am going to make (make) an omelette.

1 A :B :

2 A :B :

B :7 A :

B :8 A :

B :

our cottage.3 A: ls Ann here?

B: Yes, she is. I will get (get) her for you.4 A: l 'm thirsty.

B: I will make (make) you an orange juice.

5 A: Why are you turning on the radio?B: I am going to listen (listen) to the news.

6 A: I don't know how to use this blender.

B:A:

B :A:

B :A:

2

) Future continuous - Future pertect

Put the verbs in brackets into the correcttense.

1 A: Do you think you will have finished (finish)

by lunch?

B: I think so.2 A: Will you be seeing (you/see) Tom tomorrow?

B: I don't know yet.

3 A: What will you be doing; (you/do) this timenext week?

B: I wi l l be swimming (swim) in the sea.4 A: Shallwe meet tomorrow?

B: Sure but after 6 o'clock. I will have done(do) the shopping by then.

5 A: By the end of this yeaq I will have saved(save) f 100.

B: Wel ldone.

97

2 A :B :

3 A :B :

Unit 3) Pdst simPle - Past continuous

Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple 2

or the Past continuous.

1 A: Did you feel (you/feel) the earthquake last

night?

B: Yes. I was taking (take) a shower when it

happened (hapPen).

Why is George so sad?

He was driving (drive) his new car

yesterday when somebody crashed (crash)

into him from the back.

l'm meeting Susan later on.

I know. She called (call) me earlier while I

was getting (get) ready to come here.

4 A: What is Fiona so excited about?

B: She was walking (walk) down the street

when she ran (run) into her favourite actor'

5 A: How did you find (you/find) out about this

package holidaY?

B: I was leaflng (leaf) through a magazine

when I came (come) across an ad.

6 A: Why is the Plane delaYed?

They mistook (mistake) one of the

passengers for a criminal while he was

going (go) through passport control.

7 A: What's wrong with Mike's foot?

B: He sprained (sprain) his ankle whi le he

cl imbing (cl imb) uP the stairs.

8 A: What were you doing (you/do) yesterday

at 6 o'clock in the afternoon?

B: I was watching (watch) TV while Ann was

cookinq (cook).

9 A: Where's John?

He was having (have) dinner when they

rang (ring) from work and he had (have)

to leave urgentlY.

A: Why is Dave so uPset?

B: He was workrng (work) on his computer

when it suddenly switched (switch) itself

off so he loSt (lose) all his work.

) Past Pertect'Past Pertectcontinuous

Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect

continuous.

1 Maggie's feet were sore. She had beenwalking

(walk) for an hour.

2 John was very tired. He had been working

(work) on his laPtoP for hours.

3 Jackie looked very happy. She had been

playing (play) in the sand al l morning.

4 Tim and Faye were lost. They had been driving

(drive) in circles for an hour.

5 We went to Ann's house but she wasn't

there. She had gone (go) out.

6 | asked Lynn if she wanted to eat something

but she wasn't hungry. She had just had (jusU

have) lunch.

7 When we reached the airport we realised we

had left (leave) our tickets at home.

8 We had been playing (play) football for an

hour when it started raining.

9 He went to the doctor yesterday because he

had not been feeling (noVfeel) well.

1O lt was quiet when she got home. The children

had gone (go) to bed.

a. Read the sentences and replace usedto with

would where possible.

1 This house used to have a beautiful garden

full of red roses.

2 When we were young, we used to go to the

beach house every summer.

3 My grandmother always used to help me with

my maths homework.

4 My father used to have a red sports car when

he was young.

5 Diane used to work as a secretary before she

started her own business.(See Suggested Answers Section)

b. What did you use to do five years ago.

Write sentences.

Iusedto goto bed earlY.

I didn't use to have long hair.(See Suggested Answers Sectionl

A

B

3

A

B :

b-

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1 0

Unit 4) ReportedSpeech

1 Turn these sentences into reported speech.

1 'This rs the best report card my teacher hasever given mel 'Jack said to his parents.

Jack told his parents that was the best reportcard his teacher had ever given him.

2 'Where is the lecture taking place thisafternoon?'Ann said.Ann asked where the lecture was taking placethat afternoon.

3 ' l couldn' t answer any of the problems on theMaths paper,' said Penny.Penny said she couldn' t answer anv of theproblems on the Maths paper.

4 'Miss Smith was correcting exam papers allyesterday evening,' said Jonathan.Johathan said Miss Smith was correct inopapers al l the previous evening.

5 'Do you want to join the photography Clubwith me?' Pat said to me.Pat asked me i f I wanted to ioin thePhotography Club with her.

6 'l applied for the computer course at thecol lege, 'said Tom.Tom said he appl ied for the computer courseat the col lege.'Can I copy your Science notes, please?' Suesaid.

Sue asked me if she could copy my Science notes.'Michael, you are not paying enoughattention in class.' said Mrs Jones.Mrs Jones told Michael that he was norpaying enough attent ion in class.'l had finished all my homework before myfriend came to visit, ' said Sandra.Sandra said she had f inished al l her homeworkbefore her friend came to visit.'Have you seen our new teacher yet?' Johnsaid to me.John asked me if I had seen our new teacneryer.

Complete the sentences below with thecorrect form of say or tell.

1 Diana told me to finish typing the lettersbefore lwent home.

2 'That Chemistry experiment is quite easy,' theteacher said .

3 He said to me that he had found a great job inParis.

4 Shauna said that she wanted to leaveuniversity and get a job.

5 Chris told us a great story last night.

Use the correct form of the verbs in the box toreport the orders below.

: .tg!t'n . promise . order . deny . slglg€st

1 'Of course I didn't cheat in the tesil ' she said.She denied cheat ing on the rest.

2 'Open your bag, now' the detective said toher.

The detective ordered her to open her bag.3 'Turn over your papers and start writing,' said

the examiner.

The examiner explained us to turn over ourpapers and start wri t ing.

4 'Why don't we meet later?'said Monica.Monica suggested meeting later

5 'Don't worry, I won't tell anyone your secret,,he said.

He promised not to tell anyone my secret.

4 Write the reported sentences in direct speech.

1 The teacher said that they woLrld do a test thefollowing week'You will do a test next week' said the teacher.

2 Lynn said that she had never seen sucn adifficult exam paper.'l have never seen such a difficult exam oaoerl,said Lynn.

3 Gayle promised to help June with her Historyhomework.'l will help you with your History homeworrc,June, ' said Gayle.

4 The teacher asked me if I had finished all ofmy homework.'Have you f inished al l of your homework?' theteacher asked

5 He asked if he could open the window.'Can I open the window?' he asked.

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3

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2n)

Unit 5V RelativeClauses

Choose the correct item.

Paula was really angry when she saw the

damage which/who the dog had done.

Sharon is the girl who/whose party we went

to last night.

Halloween is a festival in thaVwhich everyone

dresses up as a ghost or a witch.

People who/which write novels are called

authors.

That is the church when/where he got married.

My mother remembers a time when/who

there were no suoermarkets.

I would like to dress uo in a costume

who/which is really scary for Halloween.

8 Does anyone know whose/who mask this is?

Fillin the correct relativepronoun, then putcommas where necessary.

1 Dragons, which have big claws and wings. areterrifiing creatures.

2 The man. who was driving the caq was speakingon his mobile phone when he crashed.

3 Students who have joined the university thisyear must register at the AccommodationOffice before 12 pm.

4 Caroline, whose brother was in my class,became a doctor.

5 The car which is parked outside our house is 5Tony's.

Join the sentences below using which, that, whoor whose.

John is a teacher. He is very patient.

John, who is very patient, is a teacher.That is the book. lt has lots of informationabout mythical creatures.That is the book which has lots of informationabout mvthical creatures.

3 That woman is an artist. Her house is on ourstreet.

That woman, whose house is on our street, is

an artrst.Halloween is a festival. lt is great fun.

Halloween is a festival which is great fun.

Stephen King is a writer. His books are quite

frightening.

Stephen King is a writer whose books arequite fr ightening.

) Comparatives dnd Superlatives

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form ofthe cornparative or the superlative.

1 Dragons are the scariest (scary) of creatures.2 Let's go and see the other film. lt 's a lot

funnier than (funny) this one.

3 Michelle is more polite than (polite) Joan.4 Temperatures are getting hotter and hotter

(hot)

5 Rachel is a lot thinner than (thin) her friend

Sarah.

6 Paul can run faster than (fast) Bob.7 He is friendlier than (friendly) his brother.

8 She swims better than (well) me.

9 This is the most expensive (expensive) dress

of a l l .

10 Ann is the most intelligent (intelligent)

student in the class.

Choose the correct item.

1 Patricia is twice as cleverer/clever as Carol.2 lt's getting colder/coldest and colder. Let's

light the fire.

I get burned very easily in the sun because my

skin is fairesVfairer than yours.

Sandy has the besVgood voice of all the

singers in the musical.

The faster /fastest we drive the faster we willget there.

456

2

3

1 0 0

Unit 6) Articles

1 Complete the exchanges with a, an or thewhere necessary.

1 A: Mike sent me a text message earlier. 3

B: Really? So, you know about the party onSaturday?

2 A: Why don't you send me an e-mail withthe information from home?

B: Well, the computer at home is broken. l , l lsend it from worK. i ." .' :

3 A: I bought a new mobile phone.B: Really? Did you get the one I told you

about?4 A: Was Kate at the meeting this morning?

B: Yes, she was. She gave a presentation ofher new project.

5 A: We went to the cinema last night towatch the film.

B: What was the title of the film you saw?6 A: I don't like westerns at all.

B: Are you serious? Haven't you everwatched the film The Magnificent Seven?It's one of the best films ever!

) Quantifiers

Choose the correct answer A. B or C.

6 This company gives a laptop to . . . . . . . . . . one ofits executives.

A any @ every c all

I Adverbs

Make complete sentences.

1 They / two films / last night / watched / at thectnemaThey watched two films at the cinema last niqht.

2 Call / quickly / her / on her mobile / backCal l her back quickly on her mobi le.

3 Tom / in his room / reading / was sitting /quietly / comicsTom was si t t ing quiet ly in his room readingcomtcs.

4 She / after dinner / in a hurry / immediately / leftShe lef t in a hurry, immediately after dinner.

5 She / all day / at the office/ has been workingShe has been working al l day at the off ice.

6 After that call / confused / he / totally / wasAfter that call, he was totally confused

F QuestionsTdgs

Complete the question tags.

1 This is a nice song, isn' t i t?2 You've got a car. haven't you?

3 Come here, won't you?

4 Dave hasn't had lunch yet, has he?5 l 'm r ight about this, aren' t t?6 The police caught the bank robbers, didn't they?7 Helen will study abroad, won't she?8 Jane works at a bank, doesn't she?

I Reflexive Pronouns

Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun.1 Marion looked at herself in the mirror.2 Mike did the Maths homework all by himself.3 Behave yourself when you are in the library.4 Children, help yourselves to some pizza.5 We bought this country house for ourselves.6 lan and Mary taught themselves how to play

the guitar.7 Don't touch this, it's hot. you'll burn yourself.8 He claims to have met the president of the

USA himself.1 0 1

4

2things I want to ask you.

@ a f e w C a l l

people at the cinema last

B little @ a lot of

3 Damien has invited people fromoffice.

1 There are

A a little

2 There werenight.A many

@ several

4 Can I borrow

broke !

@ a little

5 How

on this f i lm?

A few

B alot C l i t t le

. . . . . . . . . money f rom you? l 'm

B a few C much

directors have worked together

5the

B much @ many

ffi :"1::,..,S'.':i',,*i I'r.!:iir.i:ilsfil.'., trffiffiffie:

Unit 7b Conditionals

1 Complete the sentences using the correct formofthe verb in brackets.

1 lf the alarm clock had gone off, I wouldn'thave bebn (noVbe) late for the meeting.

2 lf you apply for the job, they will call (call) youfor an interview.

3 lf he liked (like) his job, he wouldn't look for anew one.

4 lf Kate earned more money, she would buy(buy) her own flat

5 lf Jack arrives (arrive) late at the office, he'llmiss the beginning of the meeting.

6 Unless he prepares very well for this exam, hewon't pass (pass) it.

7 They wouldn't have left if he had been (be)

nicer to them

8 l f lwere you, lwould apologise (apologise) toher.

9 lf I found (find) a job in London, I would movethere right away.

10 l f he had told her the truth, she would haveforgiven (forgive) him.

2 Make conditional sentences, as in the example.

1 Mary doesn't have enough money so shecan't buy a new car. I{ fifr*ry lzad enough {'{tofte}r,sfue wswkl buv G new {0t

Kate wasn't very careful. That's why she hadthe car accident.lf Kate had been careful. she would not havehad the car accident.

Jane is il l, so she can't come to the party.

Jane would come to the party if she weren't il,.lan didn't get your message. That's why hedidn' t cal l you.

lf lan had got your message he would havecal led vou.

5 Nigel doesn't have any money, so he can't goaway on holiday.

Nigel would go on holiday if he had somemoney.

7 Wishes

3 What does each person wish?

1 | haven't got enough money.lwish I had ertough money.

2 Please stop playing the music that loudly.I wish the music was not so loud

3 | didn't know you were in hospital.lwish I had known you were in the hospital .

4 l 've eaten too much. Now I feel sick.I wish I had not eaten so much.

5 | shouldn't have painted the room yellow.I wish I had not painted the room yellow.

6 | can't afford this watch.I wish I could afford this watch.

7 | don't have a comouter.I wish I had a comouter.

8 | shouldn't have lied to her.I wish I had not lied to her.

9 | haven't got any friends.I wish I had some fr iends.

10 Oh no! l t 's raining again.I wish i t would stop raining.

b Clauses of purpose

4 Choose the correct answer A, B or C.

1 She called me invite me to her party.

A so that she @ to C with a view to2 She asked for a meeting with her manager

asking for a raise.

A so that she @ with a view toC in order to

3 Celia worked all night finish the report

@ so as to B in order C so that sne

Dave rang earlier see how you weredo ing .

A so that he @ ,o C for

Nina is working some extra hours this monthearn some more monev for her

summer hol iday.

@ in order to B so as C with a view to

102

A: Have the police talked to the witnesses yet?B: Yes, they were questioned (question)

yesterday.

A: Are there any suspects?B: One man dressed in black was seen (see)

near the scene of crrme.A: Bank robbers should be sent (send) to

prison for years.

I absolutely agree. ' , , : '1 ' , ' ' , ' r . '

Mrs Peters' flat was broken into (breakinto) last night!Oh, nol How dreadfultA burglar alarm system has already beeninstalled (already/install) in the flat.

B: That's great.

6 A: The bank robbery was recorded (record)on the CCTV cameras.

B: Really? Then, the bank robber wilr oearrested (arrest) sooner or later.

Fill in by ot with.

1 The door was opened with a key.2 This music was written by a famous composer.3 The witnesses were questioned by three

police officers.4 The window had been broken with a heaw

object.

Ihe police car was shot at by the robbers.The building is watched by security guardsround the clock.

Causativeform

3 Rewrite the sentences in the causative form.Mum combs Susan's hair every day.Susan has her hair combed every day.The nurse is bandaging his leg.He is having his leg bandaged.The doctor took Mr White's blood pressure.Mr White had his blood pressure taken.

Unit 8) The Passive

1 Complete the exchanges using the correctpassive form of the verbs in brackets.

B:4 A :

B :5 A :

4 She will ask someone to install an alarmsystem in her house.She wi l l have an alarm system instal led in herhouse.

5 Jack was cleaning the pool for Tom.Tom was having his pool c leaned.

6 Kate and Frank hired a professional toorganise their wedding reception.Kate and Frank had their wedding recept ionorganised by a professional

7 The hairdresser will cut Helen,s hair tomorrow.Helen wi l l have her hair cut tomorrow

8 The mechanic has serviced paul,s motorbike.Paul has had his motorbike serviced.

9 The tailor is making a suit for Tom.Tom is having a sui t made.

10 The baker made Nancy,s birthday cake.Nancy had a bir thday cake made

) Clauses of Result

4 Join the sentences using solsuch... thaf, as inthe example.

1 The damage at the bank was big. l t had toclose down for a couple of days.The damage wzs so big that the bank had to efosedawn far s cauple of days.lt was such a big damage that the bank hcd toelose dawn far a couple af days.

2 The noise was very loud. We all woke up.3 The area was very noisy. We decided to move.4 This man is very rich. He has his own yacht.5 He is very young. He can,t drive a car.

(See Suggested Answers Section)

) Determiners

5 Underline the correct item.1 You can neither/either come with us or sray

at home.2 None/Neither of us likes horror films.3 lvery,/All house in the neighbourhood has

got a burglar alarm system.4 Either/Neither you tell me what you know or

I will have you arrested.5 The police officer gave each/all witness some

mug shots to look at.

2

56

-1 0 3

ffiffi@ffi*Unit Ib Modols

Choose the correct item.

ls this Mary?

No, it musVcan't be her. Mary has got

blonde hair.

ls John here yet?

No, he isn't. He musVcan't have stayedlate at the office.I 'm in terr ible oain.

You musVcan't have broken your leg.

The phone's ringing. Who could it be atthis hour?

B: lt can'Vmust be Jane. She said she'd callat around twelve.

A: I don't have enough money to pay myrenT.

B: Why don't you ask Luke? He mav/can'tlend your some money.

A: l 've got a terrible headache.

B: You should/have to take an aspirin.A: MusU@ we take photographs inside the

museum?

I'm afraid not.

You mustn'Vdon't have to do that again.l'm sorry.

We can'Vhave to be at the station at1 0 : 3 0 a m .

Rewrite the sentences. Use m,Jst, can't,may/might.

1 l'm sure they have caught a lot of fish.They musr kave rcwght a {at af fish.

2 Maybe he's late for a meeting.He might be late for a meeting.

3 He looks very upset.He must be very upset.

4 Maybe he's made a mistake.He might have made a mistake.

5 | think he has hurt his back.He may have hurt his back.

6 l'm sure he's very tired.He must be verv tired.

Perhaps Owen will go to Spain for the summer.Owen might go to Spain for the summer.

It's possible that Kate and Fiona have alreadyseen the f i lm.Kate and Fiona may have seen the film already.Maybe Rita will quit her job at the end of themonth.

Rita may quit her job at the end of the month.It's possible that Bob has moved to the Statesfor good.

Bob might have moved to the States for good

11 l 'm sure Susan hasn't l ied to you.

Susan can' t have l ied to you.

12 Perhaps they wi l l jo in us tonight.They may join us tonight.

2

1 A :

B :

2 A :

t t :

B:8 A :

B :9 A :

A:

B :

A:

1 0

1 0

1 1

12

1 3

1 4

B: You're right. The bus leaves at 1 1.A: May/Should I borrow your pen?

B: Sure. Go ahead.A: Could/Must I talk to Mr Jones?B: l'm afraid he isn't in his office.A: Should/Can I have a sandwich, please?

B: Sure. Help yourself.

A: This musVcan't be true. You are lying.B: No, l 'm not.

A: I feel really tired.B: You have to/s_hou!g] have a rest.A: ls this your pen?

B: No, it can'Vmus! be John's.

3 Look at thepicture. Usethe promptsto make asmany logicalassumptionsas possible.

r computer/crash

. lose/data

. be stressed

. be willing/WOTK

ronger. playlcomputer games

(See Suggested Answers Section)104

1 5

Unit 10) (to)infinitive/-ing form

1 Complete the exchanges with the correct formofthe verb in brackets.

I love listening (listen) to rock music.Me too! | look forward to going (go) tothe Depeche Mode open air concert nextweek! Are you coming?No. l'm afraid I can't afford (afford) to payfor the ticket.

Would you like to come (come) to an artexhibition with me tomorrow?Surel Thanks for asking (ask) me.Nigel tried to kick (kick) the ball but hemissed.

5 A :

What did you expect? He,s too young toplay (play) footbail.I have decided to take (take) up jogging.Good idea. But what's the use of working(work) out if you don't go on a diet as well?I'm having difficulty meeting (meet) thedeadl ine.

Why don't you ask your supervisor to give(give) you an extension?l'l l never forget visiting (visit) Madrid.I regret not joining (noVjoin) you.The children should be in bed. They aren,tallowed to stay (stay) up so late.I know but they refuse to go (go) to bed!I hate working out (work out) in the gym. Iprefer to exercise (exercise) alone at home.Don't you find it boring? | don,t mind going(go) to the gym as long as it isn,t crowded.ls Ann here?

Yes. I can hear her talking (talk) on thephone.

What did you do yesterday afternoon?My mum made me tidy up (tidy) my room.Why don't you ask Jim to help (help) you?There's no point in asking (ask) him. He,lljust say no.

Complete the sentences with the correctinfinitive tense.

1 There's Diane. She seems to be looking (look)for a taxi.

What's wrong with you?My parents won't let me go (go) to theperformance on Friday night.Are you doing anything tonight?Jess suggested eating (eat) out.ls John here?No, he has gone jogging (iog).What are you doing this afternoon?I may be visiting (visit) my grandparents.

beauty

at the

1 2 A :

B :

A:

B :

A:

B :

A:

B:

1 3

1 4

' t5

2

4

5

Kate claims to have won (win) acontest when she was eighteen.lan tends to stay (stay) at homeweekends.

She appears to have lost (lose) a lot of weight.He is believed to be (be) the best basketballplayer of his time.The team seems to be training (train) hard forthe games next month

Fifl in the gaps with wouldrather, prefer(s),would prefer, had better.

1 | would rather take up tennis than squash.2 Jim prefers going swimming to going jogging.3 Lesley would prefer to go out on weekdays

rather than on Saturdays.Kate would prefer to go on a diet in thesummer than in the winter.Cathy had better avoid eating junk food orshe'll gain a lot of weight.Helen would rather have just a salad nowthan have pasta.

You had better try the dress on before youbuy it. lt might not fit you.We usually would prefer to go to the cinemato staying in.

3

1 0

1 0 5

l r regular Verbs

i costi cut

deald igoooreamdr inkdriveeatfallfeedfeelfightfindfleerlyforbidforgetforgivefreezegetgtvegogrowhangnavenearhidehitholdhurtkeepknowlayleadtearnleavelendlet

U E O L

oecamebeganbitblewbroke

boughtcouldcaughtchosecamecostcutdealt

beatenbecomeoegunbittenblownbroken

bought(been able to)caughtcnosencomecostcurdealt

90rgrven

9one

was Deenbore born(e)

brought broughtbui l t bu i l tburnt (burned) burnt (burned)burst burst

dug dugdid donedreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed)drank drunkdrove drivenate eatenfell fallenfed fedfelt feltfought foughtfound founofled fledflew flownforbade forbiddenforgot forgottenforgave forgivenfroze frozen

90rgavewentgrew grownhung (hanged) hung (hanged)had hadheard heard

hiddenhidhi theld helohurt hurtkeptKNEW

laidledlearnt(learned) learrnt(learned)left leftlent lentlet let

keptKNOWN

la id, l ed , , '

i r.tSCW

shakeshineshootsnowshutsrn9sitsleepsmellspeakspellspenosplitspreaospnngstandstealstickstingstinkstrikeSWearsweepswtmtakeL E O L I I

teartellth inkthrowunderstandwakewearwtnwrite

taylitlostmademeantmetpaidpurreadrooerangroSeransaidSAW

soughtsoldsent5erSCWCO

shooksnoneshotshowedshutsangSAI

sleptsmelt (smelled)spoKespelt (spelled)spentsplitspreaosprangstoodstolestuckstungstankstruckSWOresweptSWAM

tooktaughttoretoldthoughtthrewunderstoodWOKC

worewonwrote

la inl i tlostmaoemeantmerpaidputreadriddenrungnSenrunsaidseensoughtsoldsentsetsewnshakenSnoneshotSNOWN

ShUt

sungsarsleptsmelt (smelled)spokenspelt (spelled)spenrsplitspreaosprungstoodstolenstuckstungstunkStrUcKSWOTN

sweprSWUM

takenL q u 9 i l (

torntoldthoughtthrownunderstoodwokenwornwonwritten j

1 0 6

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p.9)

Chorlotte: The party was great yesterday, wasn,t it?Lynn:Yes, I really enjoyed it. The music was fantastic and thefood was excellentlCharlotte: The people were interesting too lan introduced meto Laura Singer. Did you meet her?tynn: No, I don't think so. What does she look l ike?Charlotte: She is short and slim, wiih dark black hair andgreen eyesLynn: And what is she like?Charlotte: She's friendly, talkative and very interesting. She,stravelled to Africa, New Zealand and Antarctica.Lynn; Really? That's so impressrve.Chorlotte: And that's not all. In January she won the NationalWriting Competit ion and next September she is going toColumbia University to study Creative Writingltynn; Wow! l'd love to meet her too.Charlotte: Well, we're thinking of going to the cinematomorrow. Do you want to join us?Lynn:Sure, that'd be qreat!

@ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 17)

By now, most of us have heard of ,global warming, Indeed,whenever the weather seems to be unseasonably hot, cold,wet or dry, our newspapers are fi l led with terrible warningsabout global warming. In her new book. Ihe Global Scare.Mary Plinkerton attempts to separate the facts from theflction concerning climatic change.It is not an easy thing to do For instance, as plinkerton pointsout, while scientists generally agree that global temperaruresare increasing, experts are sti l l arguing about the causes of thisIncrease. For example, there are scientists who believe globalwarming is just part of a natural cycle, pointing to temperaturechanges in centuries past to support their arguments. Someeven go so far as to suggest that in the very near future theEarth wil l probably get a lot colder again.What the experts are agreed on, according to plinkerton, is thefact that temperatures have already gone up by almost onedegree in the last hundred years and most of them agree thatthis trend wil l continue - at least in the immediate future.What nobody can be sure of is just how much highertemperatures wil l go. At the moment the fear is that, if wedon't change our ways, then temperatures could rise by asmuch as five degrees in the next hundred years Howevel asPlinkerton is careful to explain, these estimates will onlyoecome more accurate as more information becomes available.

Ta pescriptsSo, what does Plinkerton think we can do about it?Unfortunately, this is where I found her book a bit of adisappointment A lot of the information in this chapter ofthe book is very technical and complicated, but here andthere she does have some common sense, and perhaps ratherobvious, suggestions. As she says, we need to cut down onthe amount of energy we use and she argues that we can alldo this by turning electrical equipment off when we are notusing it and putting on a sweater when we feel cold. insteadof turning the heating up. paying attention to such simpledetails can save a remarkable amount of energyFinally, and this is the part of the book I found the mostfascinating, Plinkerton discusses the hidden energy costs ofthe food we eat lt seems that many food suppliers arecontributing to global warming because so much of the foodwe eat these days travels huge distances before it ends up onour tables When you think that a lot of this food istransported by air so that it reaches the supermarkets in asfresh a condition as possible, then you can begin tounderstand the seriousness of the problem. As plinkertonsays, we can all help reduce the amount of energy that iswasted if we only buy food that is produced locally. lt isfresher, healthier, probably cheaper, and if we all buy localproducts we wil l support our local farming community aswell l 'm off to my local market right now. Goodbye.

@ Tapescript for Exercise tb (p. 25)

Sodie:Lucy, you look upset, is everything all right?Lucy:You won't believe what happened to me this morning. Ispent an hour on the phone trying to book my fl ight toE d i n b u r g h . . .Sadie: And? What happened?Lucy; Well to start with, the travel agent was eating while hewas talking and as if that wasn't enough, he kept saying howbusy he was.Sadie; How rude!Lucy: And that's not all When lasked him about the Brit ishAirways half-price offer he said he hadn't heard about it.Sadie; Oh. nolLucy:l got so upset I nearly cried but I managed to stay calm.Sodie: So did you book the ticket?Lury: No, I didn't. As the travel agent was making thebooking the computer broke down.Sodie:l can't believe it.Lucy: Neither can l!

107

Tapescripts

A:

$ Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 33)

A: Good afternoon. The Evening College, how may I helpyou?

B: Good afternoon, I was ringing to enquire about whatevening language courses you are running this year.

A: Well. we have a special offer on at the momenr.B: Really, what is it?A: lf you enrol on a language course today, you will receive

a 20 oound discount.B: That's great. What courses are on offer?A: This term you can choose from, French, ltalian, Spanish,

Greek or even Portuguese.B: What a choice! l th ink l ' l lgo for Spanish, though, as lgo

on holiday to Spain a lot.That's f ine. lt 's a great course. All our teachers are nativespeakers and they have at least four years teachingexperience. So you are in good hands.Bril l iant. Now, when do the lessons start?Yciur f irst lesson wil l be at the beginning of Septemoer;but we'l l call you nearer the time to let you know theexact date. Then, after that Vou will have a lesson aweek, for 28 weeks.I have a friend who might be interested as well. Whendoes she have to enrol by?She can enrol up unti l the 31st of August, so there'splenty of t ime left yet.Fantastic! | think it ' l l be a great challenge to learn a newlanguage. l ' l l s ign up todaylOK, l ' l l take your details in a moment, but f irst let megive you the enrolment hotl ine number for your friend,as you came through main reception.That's great. I have a pen and paper, so go ahead.It's 0-2-0-7-2-2-4-0-7-1-4. Have you got that?Yes, thanks very much. Now what do you need toknow.. (fade out)

* Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. a1)

Philip: Hi, Simon. How are things?Simon: Great, Philip. Thanks. lt was good to see you at

Paul's party on SaturdaylPhilip: Yeah, it was a really cool party. wasn't it?Simon: Mm, it was okay but it wasn't as good as Jil l s fanry

dress party on Sunday.Phil ip: Oh yeah? | couldn't go on Sunday. I hope Jil l 's ncr

mad at me.

B :A:

B:

A:

B:

A:

B:A:B:

1 0 8

Simon: No, but you sure missed a good party We alldressed in fantastic costumes and the music wasgreat. But what I l iked most was the ship.

Philip: The ship?Simon: Yeah, Jill wanted to have a special atmosphere at

her party so she put a small pirate ship in hergarden. lt was awesome! Everybody was dancing onthe ship.

Philip: Wow, sounds like you had a brilliant time. I reallymissed out.

Simon: You can't imagine! But. don't worry. Jil l 's organizinganother one for her birthday in July.

Phil ip: Great! I 'm not going to miss that one. Not for thewoddl

& Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. a9)

Boy: Lucy, have you already decided what to buy Dad for hisbirthday?

Grrf No, I haven't. I am sti l l thinking of what to buy. This yearI want to get him something really unusual. Have yougot any ideas?

Boy: Actually, I was online the other day and I saw a coolwebsite that sells gadgets and gifts. Maybe we couldbuy him something together.

Girl: Good thinking. What sorts of things were there?Boy: I remember there was a popcorn maker.Gr* But Dad doesn't really l ike popcorn all that muchlBoy: There was also a new type of phone, a 'Skype' phone

that you can use to make phone calls using the Internet.Girl: Dad would l ike that idea l 'm sure - he's always

compla in ing about the phone b i lMs i t expensive?Boy: Maybe we won't have encugh money for that - you,re

rightGtrl: Anything equally use'- a,-i cleaoer?Boy: Let me see 3- .,:; sa,,, an ipod cassette deck

adaotorGirl: A what?Boy: An iPcc c=: : : * : :=: , =:a: : : . : means you can p lay

) /our iDal - : : : : : : : : : : a , : -6 l r l : Yol -=z ' ) . : : : - : - : , i : : : ,e l r to music in h is car?Bay : Y=s - - ! . - . ; - : - . , . : , . , : - : ce ab le t o l i s t en to a

lr lr l:

J l ' l

S Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 57)

Iutor: Good afternoon, everybody. I am delighted to be heretoday to talk to you about the nature photographycourses that I teach. I would like to start by giving yousome idea of what you can expect to learn on theshort. four-week course, which is the most popularcourse that we offer.

As I said. the course lasts just four weeks and focuseson taking pictures of wild plants, or perhaps I shouldsay wild flowers. as it is the flowers which are theimportant part of any wild plant photography. For thatreason, we only run courses from April until September- there simply aren't enough flowers in winterl Thisyea4 the first course starts on the second of Aoril.That's on a Monday, of course.

The course is open to both amateur and professionalphotographers over the age of eighteen. Although wenave run separate courses for amateurs andprofessionals in the past, we have found that mostpeople prefer a course where professionals andamateurs work and learn together. I should also explainthat the reason you have to be eighteen is in order touse our laboratories.

As far as equipment is concerned, we encourageparticipants to use their own cameras as much aspossible. Photographers feel at ease with their ownequipment and this in turn means that you are morelikely to get good results. Of course, we want you tolearn as much as you can, so the cost of hiring specialequipment, when it is needed, is included in the coursefee of f200.

The chance to use the latest photographic equipmentis not all you get for your f2001 Besides tuit ion, the feealso includes the cost of transport to the parks andgardens where we do our field work. please note thatthe fee does not include food or other refreshments.We leave it up to you to make your own eatingarrangements. I should point out that excellent,reasonably-priced meals are available in the collegerestaurants and cafeterias. Now I would like to brieflvmention our new course . . (fade)

Tapescripts

S Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p.65)

Voice of radio presenter: And now our top safety tips for newstudents at St George University.

Voice of another radio presenter: Staying safe is not rocketscience. lt is all about common sense and followinq somebasic guidelines:

Whether you share a flat or live on your own, make sure thatyou always lock the doors and close the windows when you90 out.

In halls of residence be careful who follows you into thebuilding. Always lock your bedroom door; even when vou arein another part of the building.After a night out, don't walk home alone. Stay over withfriends, walk in groups or take a taxi. lf you have to go backhome on your own make sure that you walk in well_lit areasand carry a mobile phone with you.

Avoid using cash-machines at night.

Keep your card details, pin numbers and cheque books in asafe place at home. Do not carry them with you.

Finally. mark your property with your init ials and lD number. Incase your property is stolen, the police can identif,i it andreturn it to you.

Remember that staying safe is simple.Use your common sense. Don't make yourself a victim.

S Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p.73)

A: Hi Fiona! You look happy.B: Yes. l've just booked a holiday. l,m going to Austria in

December!A: A winter holiday?B: Yes. I thought I would try something different this year.

Look - here's the brochure. Doesn,t it look fantastic?A: (Reading Brochure) 'Set in an attractive village 762

metres high in the Hohe Tauern mountain range. Lookscharming, but won't it be cold?

B: I hear Austria enjoys a moderate continental climate _the winters are generally sunny with reliable andfrequent snowfalls, so great for skiing!

l l

t l

1 0 9

Tapescripts

A: What kind of facilities does the resort have?B: Excellent. There are over 200 kilometres of ski runs and

they have a wide variety of activities on offer, like iceskating, tobogganing, sleigh rides and llama hikes!

A: Wow! That sounds funl ls it really expensive?B: lt depends whether you choose to stay in a hotel or a

self-catering chalet. I am going to stay in one of thehotels for a week With fl iohts and accommodation itworks out at €530.

A: Does that include meals?B: Not dinner. There are many different kinds of

restaurants in the resort and prices are reasonable - athree-course dinner costs anything from 1 2 Euros.

A: You are sure to have a wonderful t ime I wish I could oowith you!

B: Why don't you?

A: I guess l 'm more of a summer holiday person myself.

* Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p. 31)

Janet: I'm so glad you came to visit Pictou this summer;Sheila. l just know we're going to have a great holidayhere in my hometown.

Sheila: I 'm sure we wil l, Janet. ls there anything special goingon that you know of?

Janet: Oh, there's lots to do here in the summer.Sheila: Really. Like what?Jonet: Well, it all depends on what your preferences are of

course but we can go swimming at the beach or trycatching fish in the lake or . .

Sheila: Hmmm, I'm sure we'l l do both, but to tell you thetruth, I really want to learn about the history and theculture of the area.

Jonet Well, you've certainly come to the right place! Pictouhas an amazing history and all Pictonians are veryproud of their rich culture. And ljust remembered thatnext week the Hector Festival gets underway.

Sheilo: The Hector Festival? What's that?Janet: lt's a five-day festival that's held once a year to

celebrate Pictou's Celtic heritage. There's lots of greatevents l ike picnics, barbeques, dances and musicalevents. Every year there are at least two terrificconcerts in the oark.

Sheilo: Wow! That all sounds very interesting. Why is thefestival called the Hector Festival?

Jonet: Good question Way back in 1773, the first Scottishsettlers arrived here in Pictou on a boat called the ShipHector and ever since 'l 987, we've been having thefestival to remember what those people achieved.This year, 2006, should be the best festival ever as it'scelebrating its 20th anniversary.

1 1 0

Sheilo: So tell me more about the concertsJanet: Oh, the concerts are fantastic! They're always held

outdoors and you can see lots of Scottish dancing and" singing. Oh, and of course you'l l hear lots of bagpipe

music!Sherla: Really! That will certainly be a new experience for meJanet: And probably one you'll never forget as well. People

say you either love that kind of music or hate it.Sherlo; Well, I 'm sure l 'm going to love it. Are the entrance

fees expensive for the events?Jonet: No, actually they're very reasonable. lf I remember

correctly, last year adult tickets were about 527.50.Sheilo: Aren't there special rates for students?Jonet: Yes, of course. As I recall students and seniors had to

pay about $25.50 for their t ickets.Sherlo: Well, that certainly sounds reasonable for such great

entertainment.Jonet: Yes, I agree and some of the events don't cost

anything ... (fade)

Suggested Answers Section

Unit 1: Neighbours

Writing

Exercise (p. 11)

1 | have known her for five years now. She is pretty

with long black hair and green eyes. We go

everywhere together.

2 He is very quiet and creative. He is also very smart.He has short brown hair and he is very tall.

3 They are my best friends. Lou is very handsomeand he's a real chatterbox. Jane is much quieter

than Lou. She is verv beautiful.

Exercise 5 (p. 11)

1 Ann is friendly and caring./Ann is friendly. Inaddition/Moreover, she is caring./Ann is friendlyand she is also car ing.

2 Bob is hardworking and kind./Bob is hardworking.In addition/Moreover; he is kind./Bob is hard-working and he is also kind.

3 Paul is enthusiastic, buVOn the other hand/However/Nevertheless, he can be ratherAeems tobe bossy sometimes.

4 Helen is attractive with green eyes and long fairhair.

5 Mary is polite and friendly, buVOn the other hand/However/Nevertheless, she seems to be/can berather forgetful at times.

6 Jane is kind and always very helpful/Jane is kind. Inaddition/Moreovel she is always very helpful./Jane iskind and is also always very helpful.

7 Harry is very sociable and intelligent./Harry is verysociable. In addition/Moreover, he is intelligent./Harry is very sociable and is also intelligent.

8 Vivian is like a sister to me, buVOn the other hand/However/Nevertheless, she can get on my nervessometimes.

Exercise 7 (p. 11).

1 There are four people in my family. My mum, Marymy dad, Marc, me and my sister, Julia.

2 My mum is a nurse. My dad is a taxi driver. My sisteris a student.

3 My mum is strict but fair. My dad is very funny andhas a great sense of humour. My sister is quiet andstudies a lot.

Exercise 8 (p. 11)

Dear Rita,

Hi! What's up? | really enjoyed reading about yourfamily in your last e-mail. You're lucky to have such anice family.

There are four people in my family, too. My mother,Mary, is 40 and she works as a nu6e. She is strict but she isvery fair. My dad, Marc, is 43. He is a taxi driver. He's veryfunny and has a great sense of humour.

My sister's name is Julia. She is 14. She's quiet andstudies a lot. She always does well in school.

Well, that's all from me. Write back soon and tell mewhat you've been up to.Take care,

Cindy

Unit 2: Call of the wild

Listening & Speaking

Exercise 1b (p. 17)

A: Most experts disagree on the reasons for global

warmrng.

B: Yes, but they all believe that it 's growing quickly.

A: Can we do anything about it?B: Yes, we can buy more local food produce.A: How does this help?B: It helps reduce the amount of energy that is

wasted when food travels lonq distances.

Exercise 2 (p. 18)

1 Because that's the contact name given on theposter. No. He couldn't sign off with Yours faithfullybecause we use that when we start the letter withDear Sir or Madam. He couldn't sign off with Besturshes because this is a formal letter.

2 Yes, the writer has covered all the points.

3 Yes, the writer has asked for an entry form.

Writing

Exercise 5 (p. 19)Dear Ms Jones,

I am interested in working as a volunteer in a helpcentre and lwould be grateful if you could give me somefurther information and send me an application form.

112

Suggested Answers Section

First of all, I would like to know in which countriesvolunteers work and what exactly they do. Secondly, couldyou please let me know how long the training lasts?

Thank you in advance for your assistance. I lookforward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely,Helen Miles

and dad were standing behind me wishing me a nappybir thday. The shiny new car was mtne.

I hugged my mum and dad and after I had calmeddown a bi t l took them for a r ide. As the wind wasblowing through my hair ; I kept thinking that this wasthe happiest day of my l i fe.

Unit 3:Take a break

Writing

Exercise 3 (p. 26)1 As soon as the journey had ended, we qot off the

ooat.

2 Whi le the boat was sai l ing we were eat inq ice_cream on the deck.

3 | had been dr iv ing when I heard a loud noise.4 After the plane had hi t some turbulence, the pi lot

maoe an announcement.5 As soon as I had looked at travel websites on the

Internet, I booked my f l ight.

Exercise 5 (p.27)

1 Direct speech/describing people,s reactions to/feelingsabout the events developed in the main body.

2 Asking a rhetorical question/using direct speech.3 Using your senseVdescribing people,s reactions to/

feelings about the events developed in the main bodv

Exercise 6 (p.27)

The happiest day of my life

I t was my 21st bir thday and I woke up very early. Thesun was shining and birds were singing. I could hear mVmum making breakfast in the ki tchen.

I jumped out of bed, got dressed and went downstairs.My mum gave me a big birthday hug and told me to srt atthe table. Then she served me the best breakfast of my life.As lwas eating, my dad came into the kitchen tt seemedstrange. but he didn't wish me a happy birthday.

After my dad had finished eating, he asked me if Iwanted a ride to work. I said sure and I followed himout of the house. As the garage door was opentng, Ireal ised that i t wasn't our old Ford parked in thegarage. Instead there was a br ight red convert ible. Istood with my mouth hanging open. Then. mv mum

Unit 4: Live and learn

Grammar in Use

Exercise a (p. 31)

Paul said, 'There are many reasons behino my poorperformance. ' 'First of al l , I have a fear of exams,, heexplained.'What causes this fear?, the student advisor asked him.' l f ind i t di f f icul t to organise my t ime and I don,t payattention in class,' paul explained. ,That,s why I alwaysfeel unprepared. ''You should spend more t ime in the l ibrary and keep adai ly schedule of the things you need to do,, the schooladvisor said to paul/suggested.'l have always wanted to organise my time but I didn.Vdon't know how. I wi l l keep a schedule and organisemy t ime, ' he said/promised'l want you to meet with me again next week,, thestudent advisor said to paul.

Wri t ing

Exercise 2b (p. 3a)

Attending boarding school has a number ofadvantages.

Going to boarding school does have its disadvantages,though.

Exercise 3 (p. 35)

To start with = FirstlyAs a result = For this reason/ConsequentlyFurthermore = In addition/MoreoverHowever = On the other nanOAlso = In addition/Moreoverln conclusion = To conclude

Exercise a (p. 35)

A beginning - rhetor ical quest ionB ending - quotat ion

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Suggested Answers Section

C beginning - rhetor ical quest ion

D ending - address the reader directly, quotation

Exercise 5a (p. 35)

A: There are a number of advantages to studying in aforeign country. To start with. students exposethemselves to a different culture.

B: As a result , they become more tolerant and open-minded. Moreover, these students make newfriends of different national ities.

A: Howeve; studying in a foreign country has itsdisadvantages. The main drawback is that sometimesit is difficult for students to adapt to a new way of life.

B: Also, because students are away for so much ofthe year; they may miss their famil ies and fr iends.

Exercise 5b (p. 35)

Nowadays. more and more teenagers are going

away to a foreign country to study. Foreign studentsspend most of the year away from home and usuallyonly return for the summer months.

There are a number of advantages to studying in aforeign country. To start with, students expose thernselvesto a different culture. As a result, they become moretolerant and open-minded. Moreover; these studentsmake new friends of different nationalities.

However, studying in a foreign country has itsdisadvantages The main drawback is that sometimes i tis difficult for students to adapt to a new way of life.Also, because students are away for so much of theyear, they may miss their famil ies and fr iends.

In conclusion, studying in a foreign country has i tsadvantages and disadvantages I bel ieve the decision ofwhether to go abroad to study is a very serious one andit depends on the student 's type of personal i ty andstrenqth of character.

Unit 5:Weird & wonderful

Grammar in Use

Exercise (p. 38)

2 That's the hotel where we stayed last summer.3 We went back to the shop where my sister was.4 This is the car that he drives to work in everv

mornrng

5 That 's the vi l lage where Mary's son l ives.

6 This is the gir lwhose cooking is br i l l iant.7 December is the month when the Swedes have a

festival

8 She has a beaut i ful necklace that used to belongto her mother

9 There's the lady whose daughter l ives in l taly.10 That 's the spooky house that has a ghost.

Exercise 5 (p. 38)

1 successful 3 speechless2 helpful 4 beaut i ful

Writing

Exercise 1 (p.42)

The main characters are Jake and Terry. No, the writerisn't in the story.

Exercise 3 (p. 43)

Adjectives: muddy, calm, sudden, loud, huge, freezingerc.

Verbs: squealed, scrambled, heading, screamed, etc.Part ic iples; splashing, heading, try ing, etc.

Exercise ab (p. 43)

1 enormous 3 horrible/awful2 sl ight 4 remarkable/delightful

Exercise 7 @. a3)

Jack sighed with rel ief as the plane came to ascreeching halt at the end of the runway after an awfulf l ight through a storm.

It wasn't the best way to start this summer holidayand he hoped that he could f inal ly get to the hotel andrelax on a beautiful beach But his troubles weren't overyet. The weather was getting worse and the passengers

were not al lowed.to leave the plane because of thewind and rain. He sat there for another hour before anair hostess announced that it was safe to leave. He got

a taxi and went straight to the hotel and hoped forbetter weather, but i t kept raining and raining.

The TV announced a tornado was heading for thenext day and warned everyone to stay indoors. Hedecided to try and get some sleep when suddenly heheard a loud screech fol lowed by a crashing sound andfel t the hotel room shake and then there was si lence.He went outside and saw that bui ldings had beendestroyed and there was debris everywhere. He

E

D

1 1 4

Suggested Answers Section

couldn' t bel ieve i t and he couldn.t do anything He hadplanned an exot ic hol iday and he had experienced anrghtmare. He was exhausted and went back to hisroom and fel l into his bed. The next morninq he wokeup, packed his sui tcases and returned home.

Un it 6: State-of-the-art

Writing

Exercise 1 (p. 50)l 'm going to wri te about whether I have beenlive concerts recently.

to any

Exercise 2b (p. 50)

Alex liked the wonderful atmosphere _ the fans werecheerful and enthusiastic, he liked the star,s appearance- the lighting was great and the star wore trendyclothes, he liked the star,s performance _ she nao a greatvoice and a varied programme. The only thing Alex didn,tlike was the fact that the concert was too short and hedidn't think the fans got good value for their money

Exercise 3 (p. 50)

entertaining - great (para 5)fabulous - great (para 1)modern - trendy (para 3)wi ldly = enthusiast ical ly (para 3)complex = elaborate (para 3)heavenly = angel ic (para 3)upset = disappointed (para 4)latest = new (para 5)

Exercise a (p. 51)

A The Moscow State Circus, opening night wasabsolutely amazing.

B The Farnborough Air Show was popular with thefans again this year.

C I was totally captivated with the performance Iattended on Friday.

D lt was the most tedious event I have ever attended.

Exercise 7 (p. 51)

Dear Marc,

Hil How are you? lt was great to get your letter youasked me i f l 've been doing anything exci t ing lately

Well, I went to a rock concert on Friday _ it was totallyamaztng l

It was at the new stadium and it was by a rock groupcalled Motorway - maybe you,ve heard of them? Thetickets were pretty expensive at f50, but I think it wasworth it.

There was a really good atmosphere and the placewas packed. The sound system was excellent and theband gave a great performance, singing al l of myfavourite songs.

I was a little disappointed that I was far away fromthe stage.

Anyway. I stil l had one of the best nights of my life. lfyou ever have the opportunity to see them live, youreal ly must go Have you heard their new CD? Writesoon and tel l me what you think of i t .Take care,

Kim

Unit 7:Al l in a day's work

Reading

Exercise 1a, b (p. 56)

1 Geoff - F2 Susan - D

3 Michael - E4 Brooke - A

Writ ing

Exercise 3b (p. 59)

1 | am writing to you for the position of photographerwhich was advertised in this week,s online edition ofNY Magazine for Teens.

2 | am a 2O-year-old student and l ,m quite gooo attaking pictures.

3 H i !

4 Despite my lack of formal work experience, I feelthat I am quite sui table for the posit ion.

5 Also, I can provide a reference letter in which myprevtous employer says l,m a good photographerand that you can counr on me.

6 lt is my ambition to study photography at UEL andsome day to work as a professional photographer forsuch prestigious magazines as National Geographic.

7 | am described as hard-working, efficient and aphotographer with great potential

8 My Engl ish and German aren,t bad ei ther.

Mn[M

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Suggested Answers Section

I

9 You can get in touch with me on 238572 ...

Exercise a (p. 59)

- Mr. El l iot- | am wri t ing to apply for the posit ion of

photographer which was advertised- | have also worked at a photo studio in my

neighbourhood. l t is my ambit ion to studyphotography at EUL and some day to work as aprofessional photographer for such a prestigious

magazine as Nat ional Geographic.- What is more, I am very f luent in both Engl ish and

German.- Despite my lack of formal work experience, I feel

that I am quite sui table for the posit ion

I am described as hard-working, efficient..- Since the school holidays include the months of July

and August, I will have no other commitments and Iwould be available to work the whole two months.

- | may be contacted by telephone- I look forward to receiving a reply in due course.- Yours sincerely

Exercise 6 (p. 59)

Dear Sir /Madam.

I am writing to apply for the position of MysteryShopper with your company. I read the job advertisementin the newspaper and found the job offer quite interesting.

I am a 22-year-old student. I enjoy spending timeshopping for trendy new things for myself, as well asothers. I believe I have good taste and pay special attentionto detail. My friends have complimented me on my abilityto be selective when it comes to choosing gift items.

My fr iends and I spend our leisure t ime eat ing outand going to movies. We often review our meals andrecommend our favourite places to other people weKNOW

Now that I have completed my courses for this term,I wi l l be avai lable on a ful l - t ime basis. I would be wi l l ingto work weekdays as well as weekends if necessary.

I can be contacted by telephone on 28347943 or viae-mail at lindab@work,un

I look forward to your replyYours faithfully,

Linda Brooks

Unit B: Stavinq Safe

Grammar in Use

Exercise a @. 62)

An important painting was stolen from the NationalGallery by a thief yesterday. The robbery was reported tothe police at 7pm last night by the gallery's security guard.A man. who was arrested by the police, is beingquestioned at the moment. The police think he is the manresponsible but no proof has been found as yet. No moreinformation was given by the police. They said that a fullinvestigation would be carried out Gallery staff said thegallery will not be opened to the public this week

Exercise 5 (p. 62)

The health minister wi l l open a new hospital tomorrow.A couple has been charged with two kidnappings today.The stolen Picasso paint ings have been found.A major strike will be organised by fire fightersAn athlete was seriously injured at the weekend.

Writ ing

Exercise 1 (p. 66)

Make sure that your e-mai l address and any usernamesyou have don't give away your age and gender.

Never give out personal information.Don't agree to meet people who you have met onl ine.Use mainly chi ld-fr iendly si tes so that you are notexposed to any inappropriate mater ial .

(Ss own answers)

Exercise 2b (p. 66)

Suggestions

To begin with, should . .A lso , . . . shou ld

Another way to . . . is to. .Final ly, i t would be a good idea to . . .Results

This way

B y . . . C i n g ) . . . ,

In this way, . . .

Suggested Answers Section

Exercise 2c (p. 66)

create an e-mai l address or username.

that are classed as child-friendly.

Firstly, when you're using the computel be carefulwhenyou're making up e-mail addresses and usernames.In addition, don't become personally involved withpeople that you meet onl ine.Lastly, it 's wise to only visit sites that are appropriate foryour age group.

Exercise 3 (p. 67)

1 talk to your teacher; write a note to your parents,stay in safe areas in school where there are a lot ofpeople around, take a mart ial arts class. don,tshow the bul l ies that you are hurt , be indi f ferent

2 leave plenty of time to revise, take short breaks.don't drink too much coffee, eat healthily, workout regular ly

3 check out the si te careful ly, read the onl inecompany's privacy policy carefully, look for thecompany's e-mail address, keep a record of yourtransactions, don,t share your passwords withanybody

4 ask Ss to plant gardens or decorate school walls,grve responsibilities to Ss who have previouslyvandalised the school, get rid of evidence of schoolvandal ism immediately

5 never leave anything of value in the car; get an anti_theft device, take off your sound_system,s face plate.never leave your keys in the ignition when you,re notin the car; always park in busy, well_lit areas.

Exercise a @. 67)

1 Make a revision timetable As a result, you will bevery organised.

2 Instal l CCTV cameras. This would mean thatvandals would be caught red_handed.

3 Make sure your computer has security features.Then, hackers will not be able to see your caronumber detai ls.

4 Park in a safe place or In a garage. By doing this.thieves will not have easy access to your car.

5 The result of taik ing to an adult you can trustwould be that they wi l l be able to hetp vou andyou will not suffer alone.

Exercise 5b (p. 67)

2 Another solution would be to take short breaksThen, your mind wi l l be clear and your study t imewill be more effective.

3 l t would be a good idea to eat healthi ly and getenough sleep By doing this, you would have moreenergy and be able to concentrate.

4 lt would help if you made a revision timetable. Thiswould mean that your work would be more organisedand you would be able to assess your progress.

5 The situation could be improved by studying with afriend. As a result, you could discuss any difficultiesthat come uo.

Exercise 6 (p. 67)

Most teenagers get stressed out before they take theirexams. lt doesn't have to be this way, though. ,,But

how can I cope with stress?,, you ask. Relax and take adeep breath. There are ways.First of all, make a revision timetable. This way you willbe very organised and you will know exactly how muchyou need to study every day. Another useful suggestionis to leave plenty of time to revise. By doing this, youwill not leave everything for the last minute.Secondly, it would help if you took short breaks while youare studying. In this way, you refresh your concentratronand you study more effectively. Also, it would be a goodidea to work out regularly as this helps to clear your mind.Finally, you should not drink too much coffee. This wayyou will be relaxed and able to fall asleep easily when youget tired. Also, it would help if you ate healthily. By doingthis, you will not exhaust yourself and your body willhave the energy to keep going. So, do not worry aooutyour exams. There are many ways to cope with stress.Follow these useful tips and you will come out a winner!

l

l '

l i

keep onl ine fr iendships onl ine.

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Suggested Answers Section

nt

{,{[ !

Unit 9. Forces of nature

Grammar in Use

Exercise 6 (p. 71)

1 l t must be summer. They might be a family. They

might be having breakfast.

2 They might be celebrat ing something. They can' t

be unhappy.

3 He might be late for work. He might be very upset.

He might be a businessman.

Exercise 7 (p.71)

1 You might have put it in the wardrobe. You may

have left it at work.

2 He might have gone for lunch. He may have gone

home for the day.

3 She might have gone to bed early. She may not

have fel t l ike talk ing.

4 He might have had other plans. He may not have

had anyone to go with

Writing

Exercise 1 (p.7a)

1 An e-mai l to James.

2 informal

3 thanks for the invi tat ion; whether I can go; some

quest ions about the weekend

4 H iJames! Love Jo

Exercise 5 (p. 75)

Dear Jenny,

It was great to hear from you. I always enjoy hearing

your news.

Thanks so much for invi t ing me to your bir thdayparty. l 'd love to come but l 've got an exam the next

day, so I need to stay in and study for it. Perhaps we

can get together next weekend instead and you can tell

me al l about i t .

Have a wonderful t ime and let me know i f you're

free next weekend

Yours,

Poppy

Unit 10 Fest iveTime

Grammar in Use

Exercise 6 (p. 79)

l'd orefer to watch football on TV.

I prefer watching football to playing football.

l 'd rather play -ricket than play basketball.

l 'd better be careful what I eat from now on.

Writing

Exercise 6b (p. 83)

To: Mr Brown, Editor, The Daily News

From:John Smi th

Subject: lmprovements to the Community Centre

Date: 1 5The June

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to present the results of a

survey in which local people were quest ioned about the

improvements they would l ike made to Parkdale

Community Centre.

Faci l i t ies & Equipment

The major i ty of people would l ike to see a larger

canteen and a larger seating area. Twenty percent ofpeople interviewed would like to see a baby-changing

room and a smal l number of oeoole would l ike to see a

disabled WC instal led. A large number of people

believe the community centre would benefit from new

tennis bal ls and racouets.

Events & Opening Hours

Many people interviewed would like to see more eventsput on at the community centre such as dance

competi t ions, cake and second-hand clothes sales and

bingo evenings Furthermore, the major i ty of people

interviewed believed the centre should stay open late

at the weekends.

Conclusion

In conclusion, i f these changes were made, the

community centre would be improved and more people

1 1 8

would u--:

Suggested Answers Section

Word Perfect

Unit 1Exercise 2 (p. 86)

1 benefit - We must give him the benefit of thedoubt until we know he took the monev.

2 do - Would you do me a favour?3 eye - Can you keep an eye on things whi le I am

away on holidays?4 drives - lt drives me crazy when you do not listen

to the direct ions.5 keep - Keep on good terms with your boss if you

want a better position.6 nerves - That noise really gets on my nerves!

Please turn the sound down.7 trouble - The boys knew they would get into

trouble i f they did not l isten.8 sense - | don' t think he understands my sense of

humour because he never laughs at my jokes.9 l ight - He l ikes to see l i fe in a comical l iqht and not

be too serious.10 mind - What comes to mind when I show vou this

picture of the beach?

Exercise 3 (p. 86)

1 The cleaning lady had to mop the floor.2 My chore at home is to feed the pet.3 After supper I must clear the table.4 My brother must take out the rubbish every night5 When wi l l the store del iver the furni ture?6 Before you leave the flat, you should vacuum the

carpets.7 The hotel does not change the sheets everyoay.8 I must clean the oven after the pie is cooked.

Unit 2

Exercise 2 (p.87)

1 Too many industries cut down trees and damaoethe environment.

2 We must do something to protect all of theendangered species.

3 GREENPEACE is one of the largest environmentalgroups in the world.

4 Many nat ional parks are home to wi ldl i fe habitats5 Corporations must clean up their factory waste.2 You must walk on the path to prevent soil erosion.

7 Green plants release oxygen into the environment.8 Aeroplanes create a lot of air pollution.9 Many plants and animals are in danger of extinction.

10 We should leave animals to l ive in the wi ld.

Uni t 9

Exercise 1 (p. 94)

1 buzz 42 hiss 53 miaow 6

chirp

coo

roar

7 howl

8 neigh

Gram mar Check

Unit 3

Exercise 3a (p. 98)

2 When we were young, we would go to the beachhouse every summer.

3 My grandmother would always help me with mymaths homework.

Exercise 3b (p. 98)

I used to l ive in England.I used to dance.I used to play tennis.

Un i t 8

Exercise (p. 103)

2 The noise was so loud that we al l woke up.I t was such a loud noise that we al l woke up

3 The area was so noisy that we decided to move.It was such a noisy area that we decided to move

4 This man is so rich that he has his own yacht.He is such a r ich man that he has his own yacht.

5 He is so young that he can,t drive a car.

Un i t 9

Exercise 3 (p. 10a)

o His computer must have crashedo He must have lost important data.. He must be stressed.o He can' t be wi l l ing to work longer.. He can' t be playing computer games.

1 1 9

i i " i, i r i l il . -L:VEi l- i i l ' i - l -

lUp,c'iireatrn t-tl,vel Bl1+ r:i Fr nlotllii,sliar:-.el;olrdernl-ie-'rlell ectr::l'se1iol'letalrnerr: o,,iiiiile LEil(.ltir-sh l;"-.rllt,uu,U,:r a;ii eii:l: "Bi"l ieveri""u'he seii'le-:s;,cpnnhnne.is acii[''r- E:rrt]jE,slrriearl'lrilr'lg vyiiih ia varit:tli o'f lffivef5l uo6r,.ies p,'i:!ren'ted lLnr linernilced] unlits,

['ir+v [jealiuil'er:

" li.hemc-lcels*el ul'li'cs, fl'*rrt a '"qrlde rrar';et"y c'rl aultllerriiic sol-,:r"ces, in {'lvem*nluie:;

" fi r,rariei:\r of r:r"*ss.<"ultr.il';:i ',lr:pies

n ti).rrs'{e!'natiq: devertelprr'lerrt oi ail feiur lanquregie :;l<r{ls fLhr"ough realis'tic,c=hatiir:ngill,g u'asl;s tr'"rhiei'i eltcoii,r"re,Je i:hc lean-len's pel"s'tr,lral cr"lgjlatgen'lcrtt

o lexieal e;r"ereise s praei.isrng allci ;rrci:ivatirRel alI esserrtlai lloea[:,ullal,y,o a vai' iety e i 'auii ir:ntite. stinlurtlatirro.] l"eading anei l lst"cninq [asltso ;; r,ryiqjg l"a*tge oli'spe*al<r,tg aetir,rii;ieso l.ealistie, stinnuiating el,ilalo,p,tues ii-ea.iiunil-.E peerlpler ill eloeryday si.tllatiolls., elr"a[f ir"iiat sec:iler:s ;avel"illg; alIi major qnannmatieal argas, Fr,Ius (iti'antrnat

Iierfuremce s:ecile;ir

.' eoi-l'lt0'u:-.itiern ai:ailirsis and pl'aretiee in va'''re.lurs tylocs elf lr"Ji'[i:i[rq, vtil]:n fi;t[lrr erleils

Sfurly-<i,<lll's tips ir-r'or',.lotini; sturcer"lt ;iL,ttoncnly ar:uJ ineiepelrdence:

F.v e:,, 1r r! av E n g ! isfi ser-ti o l.l s

L tt ! [ tt r et !, [,u r r i c t.t kx, !: r:a ̂ f r ! e n a s a l l d lld er,;f iLr,"e sce,ii o r"ls

:.[} r-icl5" cj a r-ri les ll rt0i lilrl i |vr;o,'i< i:reliivi ties,

( r:: l'l r p:rt lit-:iii.s

S'i. r,i [iin n (' :-.i F i-.1( r ii

iitri:'rl< l:r:oir - Stuelenl's

ii4ir l-e r r o uel"it, i:it",i':tf'nll iq;'[-eacl-re!-'s

Bori< i i n ler"],eavt:cli)

VUeri"khs"'oir, -'iieacirer's (or;ernri llteei)

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'iest 13t:ol<le't

o

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