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KUKAN’s WISDOM IAS

UPSC

CURRENT AFFAIRS

(January and February - 2020)-VOLUME - 3

MONTHLY HINDU SHORT NOTES

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. POLITY & GOVERNANCE, SOCIAL ISSUES &

HEALTH .................................................... 5

SWACHH SURVEKSHAN .............................................5

TUSSLE OVER BELGAVI ...............................................5

A CASE FOR INCLUDING TULU IN THE 8TH SCHEDULE ...6

NCRB ........................................................................6

OCI – 34 LAKH OCI CARD ISSUED ...............................7

PRIVATE PROPERTY IS HUMAN RIGHT – SC VS

HIMACHAL PRADESH .................................................7

SC NOT REVIEW SABARIMALA CASE, TO EXAMINE

LARGER ISSUES ..........................................................8

BRU REFUGEES ..........................................................9

DEATH SENTENCE FOR RAPE – MURDER IN 2019

HIGHEST IN 4 YEARS – NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

(NLU) REPORT (DELHI). ..............................................9

COLUMN ON – KASHMIRI PANDITS ............................9

GLOBAL DEMOCRACY INDEX - 2019 ......................... 10

ENDING INACTION IN ANTIDEFECTION ..................... 11

CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX – 2019 ................. 11

CENTRE REFUSES TO GIVE MORE FUNDS TO KERALA

FOR FLOOD RELIEF ................................................... 12

NATIONAL VOTERS DAY ........................................... 12

LONG ROAD TO JOY FOR THESE ADOPTED CHILDREN 12

CRIME AND POLITICS ............................................... 13

CABINET NOD FOR RAISING ABORTION LIMIT TO 24

WEEKS .................................................................... 13

NOTA – MORE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEN AN

EMPOWERING OPTION ............................................ 14

ASSAM – MIZORAM FRESH BORDER ROW ................ 14

PRESIDENT GIVES NOD FOR DELIMITATION IN NE

STATES .................................................................... 15

CENTRE WORKING ON EXCLUSIVE BODY FOR RIVER

LINKING PROJECTS .................................................. 16

HEALTH EMERGENCY – POLIO .................................. 17

POLICY ON RARE DISEASES – ‘ANOTHER PIECE OF

PAPER’ .................................................................... 17

CORONA VIRUS OUTBREAK – BEIJING ...................... 18

ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS (API) ......... 19

ASSAM ACCORD CLAUSE 6 ...................................... 19

ELECTORAL BONDS ................................................. 19

LAST NDFB FACTION IN ASSAM PACT ...................... 20

2. ENVIRONMENT ..................................... 22

AUSTRALIA’S DEADLY WILDFIRES ............................ 22

KERAL TO TAKE MORE COVER UNDER (MIYAWAKI

FOREST) .................................................................. 22

2019 WAS 7TH WARMEST YEAR SINCE 1901 .............. 22

FOREST ADVISORY COMMITTEE .............................. 23

INSCRIPTIONS CONFIRM PRESENCE OF TWO

MEDIEVAL MONASTERIES AT MAGHALMARI (WB) ... 23

10 MORE WETLANDS IN INDIA DECLARED AS RAMSAR

SITES ...................................................................... 24

EIA ......................................................................... 25

AFRICAN CHEETAHS TO PROWL INDIAN FORESTS

(ASIATIC CHEETAHS) ............................................... 25

ARUNACHAL PRADESH – NEW HIGHWAY THREATENS

TIGER TERRITORY .................................................... 27

RUSHIKULYA ROOKERY ALL SET TO WELCOME OLIVE

RIDLEYS .................................................................. 28

WHO, UNICEF – LANCET : REPORT ON PROTECTION OF

CHILDREN ............................................................... 28

PM MAN KI BAAT – (BIODIVERSITY, YUVIKA Etc) ...... 29

STONE CHARIOT AT HAMPI ..................................... 29

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EASTERN GHATS OF

INDIA ..................................................................... 29

CHEETAHS – BIG CHALLENGE ................................... 30

INDIA IS HOST 457 MIGRATORY FAUNA – LATEST CMS

LIST ........................................................................ 30

BLACK CARBON LEVELS SPIKE AT HIMALAYAN

GLACIERS ................................................................ 31

3. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS .................. 32

OMAN SULTANS DEATH .......................................... 32

RAISINA DIALOGUE ................................................. 32

INDIA TO INVITE IMRAN KHAN FOR SCO .................. 33

BROAD BASED TRADE INVESTMENT AGREEMENT

(BTIA) ..................................................................... 33



PUTINS PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN

RUSSIA .................................................................... 34

SAGARMATHA DIALOGUE ........................................ 35

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ......................... 35

BLACK AND GREY LIST.............................................. 36

LIBYA INTERNAL CONFLICTS (CIVIL WAR ) ................ 36

TRUMPS PACE PLAN ................................................ 37

BLUE DOT NETWORK ............................................... 38

INDIA TO CARRY OUT PROJECTS IN RAKHINE ............ 38

UN OHCHR .............................................................. 39

MILAN NAVAL EXERCISE POSTPONED ...................... 39

4. ECONOMY, AGRICULTURES, SCHEMES ... 40

UJJWALA YOJANA ................................................... 40

ICRA TO SET UP ‘FARMERS INNOVATION FUND’ ....... 40

CABINET NOD FOR FDI IN COAL MINING .................. 40

GREEN NOD FOR OIL, GAS EXPLORATION WAIVED ... 41

FUND CRUNCH HITS MGNREGA SCHEME .................. 41

AIR INDIA - GOI PUTS 100 % STAKE ON THE TABLE .... 43

NATIONAL TECHNICAL TEXTILE MISSION .................. 44

CORONA VIRUS INFECTS GLOBAL MARKETS ............. 44

INDIA’S DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND .......................... 45

PM KISAN ............................................................... 45

5. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SECURITY .. 47

INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS .................................... 47

HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT CENTRE OF ISRO .................. 47

SARAS .................................................................... 47

HC (MADRAS) ASK CENTRE TO HELP LSD PATIENTS –

LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS .......................... 48

NEW SATELLITES WILL HELP GAGANYAN CREW

(INDIAN DATA RELAY SATELLITE SYSTEM (IDRSS) ..... 48

NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY ............................. 49

MINISTRY OF DEFENCE ............................................ 49

REGULATION OF DRONES IN INDIA .......................... 49

GSAT – 30 GIVES INDIA A COMMUNICATION BOOST 50

THIRTY METRE TELESCOPE SHIFTED OUT OF

PROPOSED SITE ...................................................... 50

VYOM WOMEN ....................................................... 50

HYPERSONIC TECHNOLOGY ..................................... 51



1. POLITY & GOVERNANCE, SOCIAL ISSUES &

HEALTH

SWACHH SURVEKSHAN

SBM – 2016

QCI – to evaluate and rank Indian cities to incentivize states and urban bodies

- Scientific waste management

- Cleanliness & hygiene

- Good and efficient sanitation

This survey is more about related to incentives

But failed the root causes – waste management

Sanitation and public Health is under State list.

Implementation – municipalities – Responsible for – Sanitation cleanliness public

Health

But failed – waste management in India.

Edition said – this is only related too „perception management‟ Rewards and Incentives –

But fail to waste management

4th

Jan 2020 – Ministry of Urban Affairs – Next phase begins

Asking ministry – to create large scale waste management Infra – Solid, Municipal,

Hazardous, electronic etc.

Synergy between all levels

Legal requirements – collection – segregation and processing

Transparent audits

2020 Edition

A Survekshan – Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs

Ambitious Targets – 100% safe deposit waste in cities

Complete fecal sludge management

Wastewater treatment & reuse facilities

Along with survekhsan – Evolution, Ranking, Incentives – long term investment

Around world

Circular Economy concept

Resources are recovered, Reuse and Recycled from waste.

It is treated as resource.

In India – such needed.

TUSSLE OVER BELGAVI

Dilemma – Administrative, Cultural/linguistic – Committee.

1948 – S.K. Dhar – Administrative efficiency.

JVP Committee – also Rejected – linguistic basis.

Death a Potti Sriramalu –for separate Andhra



Therefore Fazal Ali commission – 1953

Kerala, TN, Karnataka

, AP/Telangana, Maharashtra, Gujarat – New Map – Linguistic Identity

State Reorganization Act 1956 – Madras Part – given to Karnataka

Gujarat taken out -changed political map of India

Borders not accepted to many – ex. Belgavi given to Karnataka – more Karnataka

speaking but Marathi agitation continues

Undivided Bombay Presidency

Four current Districts – Belgao, Uttar Kannad, Dharwad, Bijapur

Centers committee – CJI Meher Chand Mahajan in 1966 – Submitted 1972 Report

– Maharashtra Claim Rejected

260 village, given to Maharashtra

256 village, given Karnataka.

Maharashtra Reject – notified section 21 (2B) – State Reorganization Act 1956

Maharashtra – against will of people all land + Revenue Record maintain in

Marrathi. Therefore Historical its part of Maharashtra.

But accepted by Karnataka (SRA)

A CASE FOR INCLUDING TULU IN THE 8TH

SCHEDULE

Official language already 22

Tula - Dravidian, Coasted area of Karnataka, Kerala – Kasaregod District,

Dakshina Kannada – District, Udupi - Saptbhasha Sangam Bhumi

Tulu speaking – constitute – linguistic minority – under Article 29

FD - To protect launguage Script, Culture.

2001 Census – 1.8 million speaks – (Manipuri Sanskrit) already in 8th

Schedule

State can promote social

inclusion

NCRB

Annual crime in India Report 2018

Two Reports in Span of 2 Months

Women safety – Crime Against women , UP Top‟s the list

Suicides – most neglected sector – mental Health case

Daily wage Earners - % share in total – 22.4%

Disproportionate Impact on Weaker section especial daily wage Earners.

Crime data – social picture – weaker section always at receiving end.



OCI – 34 LAKH OCI CARD ISSUED

Any citizen once held Indian Passport called OCI

Except Bangladesh/ Pak – following

Entitled to some rights in India

No voting rights

Advantages

Visa free – travel

Participate in Business

In Agri – (Available to NRI).

Buy Agri Property.

Who decides

MoH – decides citizenship + OCI

Can be reject also.

PRIVATE PROPERTY IS HUMAN RIGHT – SC VS

HIMACHAL PRADESH

Two types of Doctrines

1) Doctrine of Eminent Domain &

2) Doctrine of Adverse Possession.

1) Doctrine of Eminent Domain

Under this power – govt can take such private property for „Public Purpose‟

2) Doctrine of Advance Possession.

ex. Private owner – Original owner not known ,but over a period of time after 12

years – this property in become the one who are using it – because original owner

not files a case

therefore any person who not the original owner becomes the Original owner

Original constitution of India – Before the Amendment

FD – Article – 19 as well as Article 31.

Acquire, hold on transmitted to future generation

Also right to dispose (i.e. sell)

There is Article 31 in original constitution, No person shall be deprived by property

until there is procedure that is laid by law.

Chang after 44th

Amendment 1978

What happens - FD Vs constitutional right

FD – Direct go to SC , Constitutional Right – go by hierarchy of courts

Current – it‟s not FD – now it‟s constitutional or legal right – under Article 300 A.

Why this in news now

There is old leady – old Property in HP back in 1967/68, (piece of land) – acquire

by HP govt for construct the road – force fully acquire

She does not know – compensation to pay govt.

SC says – pay by state to this old leady,



states argument, Doctrine of advance possession but SC said you have no evidence

of legally acquiring this land.

SC invokes Article 142 of constitution – powers given to SC of India – (to pay

compensation for this leady).

Private property – is a constitutional right/legal right.

SC NOT REVIEW SABARIMALA CASE, TO EXAMINE

LARGER ISSUES

Nine judge constitution bench

Objective

Not review Sabrimala women entry case but to examine the larger issues of law out

of religious practices in conflict with the constitution.

Sabrimala Case

Constitution validity – entry of women in to menstrual age in to the temple.

In 2018 – SC– lifted the Ban.

Article 14 (Prohibits discrimination under grounds of Gender)

Article – 25 freedom to prefer / practice religion.

This ban unconstitutional

This judgment challenged by other petitioners

Under Article 26 – Right to mange religious affairs ,Essential religious Practice

Seeking Review – then Five Judge constitutional bench in Nov 2019 – observed

need an authoritative pronouncement of large Bench.

During same period other petitions of other Religions

1) Ban of entry of women into Darga‟s & Mosque

2) Female genital mutilation practice under daudi Bohra community

3) Ban on entry of Parsi women into fire temple if they married outside there

community.

Therefore five Judge Bench decided this matter to larger Bench

SC constituted – Nine Judge Bench – this larger Bench need to frame answer of

questions – given by five Judge Bench

1) What should be interplay between Article 25 / Article 26 Vs Right to equality under

14 (few are discriminatory in nature).

2) Meaning of terms public order morality and health under 25 (1) – interpret this

terms. Not an absolute – Reasonable Restrictions ex. Parsi/Dawdi bohra/ Muslim

women.

3) Morality – interference to preamble or limited to Religious Beliefs and faiths

4) At what extent court extends Religious Practices, Religious Beliefs

Shirur Mutt Judgment in 1954 (SC – Judgment says that “Essentiality of religious

practices should be decided in accordance with the religious doctrines of each

faith”.This Judgment reduces the essentiality of courts.

Therefore Judicial review denied under Religious essentiality but as per Article 25

clause 2 (a) – for state Review available related with economic, financial Political

practice.

But now shirur Mutt Judgment in question



5) Meaning of expression Hindu – Article (2) (b)

6) Should essential practices deserve constitutional protection under Article 26

7) PIC – challenging Religious practices – if they are filed by third person who are not

the member of that particular religion.

BRU REFUGEES

34000 Bru refugees to be settle in Tripura

Riang - largest Ethnic – Mizoram – in 1997 violence by Mizoram – leave to

„Tripura‟ – Triapitariate agreement in 2018

Asking them go back to Mizoram.

But they scared for the life.

Therefore only 328 – started moving – Tripura

Rest reluctant to go Mizoram

Centre solution – quadripartite Pact

Centre – redy to provide package 600 crores ,one time assistance – 4 lakh

40/30 feet plot of land.

aid 5000 rs in next two years

Free ration + 1.5 lakh to build houses

Tripura govt. – identified land to settle them.

All Political Rights + Tribal Status.

DEATH SENTENCE FOR RAPE – MURDER IN 2019

HIGHEST IN 4 YEARS – NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

(NLU) REPORT (DELHI).

Project 39 A – To understand Indian Criminal Justice system.

Statistical evidence – 2019 – 102 death penalty imposed by lower courts

162 – 2018, 108/207, 150 – 2016

In 2019 – 53% - Related with murder involving sexual offence, 2018 – 41%, 2017

– 40%, 2016 – 18%

Children‟s victims – 40 out of 53 sexual offence in 2019 – 74% (40 cases) age

below12,

3% (3 cases) Age – 12-18 and 20% (Above 18 ) 11cases.

Most Death – Rajasthan – 13, UP -12

COLUMN ON – KASHMIRI PANDITS

Hindus – Saraswat Brahmins

Ethnic minority in Muslim dominated Kashmir Valley

During 19th

& 20th

century – favored „Dogra Rule‟ because of their Intellectuality –

supports Royal by Dogra Dynasty



Live peacefully with Muslims communal harmony – destroyed after breakout of

militancy

With support of Pak – between 1985 -1990 – Ethnic cleansing – few died.

19th

Jan 1990 – final warming – from Radical jihadist ,Broadcasted public

messages – warning – convert – get killed.

Many Leaves Valley – Referred

as “Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits” and became IOPS – Internally displaced people.

Therefore rehabilitated in Jammu, Punjab Delhi, Haryana etc.

Lost property, homes, livelihood.

Today spread around USA, Europe, Australia etc. therefore there rate of literacy

Liberal + Moderate – law abiding

Historical Injustice – by facilitating Kashmir Valley – provide rehabilitations

Hardly – 600 families behind there – lack in facilities

Secure them with adequate reservation and benefits

Therefore peace in valley.

GLOBAL DEMOCRACY INDEX - 2019

India drags 10 places –Year a year – by the ‘Economist Intelligence Unit’

UK based company – owned by – Economist news paper

From 2006

2019 – 167 countries – State of Democracy Report

Five Categories

1. Electoral Pluralism

2. Government

3. Political participation

4. Civil liberties

5. Political culture

Score between 0 to 10 – rank accordingly.

In 2018 – 7.23, In 2019 – 6.9 - fallen – lowest since – 2006 – drop 10 places

Ranked 51st position in 2019

Primarily – Erosion of civil liberty Section 144, Internet movement (Article 370,

35A, NRC Assam, CAA, etc.)

In Flawed Democracy Category with USA and 52 others

free and fair elections + Basic civil liberties but there is weakness in governance –

underdeveloped political culture frequency violets Rights

Around the world general weakness

Pretests – Latin America, Sub-Saharan, Middle East, North Africa, Asia.

Hong kong, Iran, Africa, Chile etc.

Authoritarian government curbs Rights

22 countries in fall democracy category

54 – Authoritarian

54 – Flawed (India + USA).



ENDING INACTION IN ANTIDEFECTION

SC seeking – power of speaker – Disqualification – defection

1) To – permanent „Quasi Judicial Tribunal‟

2) Court – time frame – speaker – on defection

10th schedule discretionary power on defection., Constitution – expects – office of

speaker „Impartial‟

Most cases – ruling party gets benefitted – speaker fail to impartiality.

He is also member of Ruling party.

This trend – noted by SC – direct parliament to amend 10th

schedule

In 2016 Referral – constitution bench – weather the courts have powers to frame a

time frame – to decide disqualification.

PIL

No time frame provided for speaker

Also states that courts can‟t intervene until speakers take decisions.

Protected Judicial review in earlier but – In 1992 – Kihoto Hollohan case – SC

refers to bench – latest Judgment – courts have the power and fix time frame

New window for judicial intervention – if speaker refused to Act.

CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX – 2019

By Transparency International – Global NGO – Berlin, Germany

Established In 1993 – to combat corruption

launched this index in 1995 & sine them annually.

Perceived

levels of corruption in the public sector

180 countries

Scale 0 to 100 – 0 highly corrupt, 100 highly clean.

India corrupt – 41 score (Rank 80) – slip two positions (last time Rank - 78)

Three areas weakening fight against corruption

Unfair political financing – electoral Bonds, non disclosure of political funding

under RTI

Lobbying by powerful corporate.

China 80th

Rank

Brazil – 10th

In Asia Pacific Region

Stagnation in the fight against corruption, Because tremendous economic growth,

collusion between political parties and corporate – China, Indonesia, Vietnam

struggling to corruption

Top in the list –

Denmark /N2 – 1st

Finland / Singapore

Sweden



CENTRE REFUSES TO GIVE MORE FUNDS TO KERALA

FOR FLOOD RELIEF

Additional 3000 crore from

NDRF to State Response fund in 2018 then in 2019 floods – demanding another

2000 crore, But rejected because – Kerala not provided utilization certificates for

previously allotted funds

NDMA Act 2005

Two types of funds 1) NDRF 2) SDRF (this money only for immediate relief

operations) Search + Rescue , first Aid, food/clothing/shelter etc.

For this separate fund National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF), SDMF (states)

yet to be set up {cannot be used for compensation, rehabilitation, reconstruction

.

NDRF + SDRF – part of public account. Not the consolidated fund

Financing of NDRF – dedicated cess distributed to states from Grant in Aid by

finance commission (Study the vulnerability and based on that make as formula of

allocation).

States also allow to raise there funds up to 10% of SDRF

Therefore majority comes from centre – for immigrate operations

What happens if state runs out money in SDRF (this situation occurs when natural

calamity of severe nature).

In this case get funds from NDRF but condition is ,SDRF should have been

exhausted & state convince the center that previously allocated fund have been

spend by submitting utilization certificates.

NATIONAL VOTERS DAY

Since 2011

25th

Jan 1950 – Establishment of election commission of India.

70 years.

LONG ROAD TO JOY FOR THESE ADOPTED CHILDREN

CARA – Central Adoption Resource Authority – Statutory Body. Ministry of

women and child development

Monitor + Regulated – In Country , Inter Country adoptions

Deals with inter country adoptions in accordance with provisions of Hague

convention on Inter country Adoption 1993



CRIME AND POLITICS

Criminals – funds candidates

Them they realize why should we not contest elections called criminalization of

politics – Law breakers now law makers

Various SC orders issued some decline but this judgments are just little.

Section 8 clause by of RPA – 1951

Government conduct of all elections – State, Centre.

If – convicted – any court of law – 2 years or more -3 month window provided –

HC – if guilty then for more than 2 years – disqualified.

Again 3 month window provide to approach SC – but its time consuming

Petition was filed – Lily Thomas vs Union

of India 2013 8(4) clause – goes against the idea of political justice which is part of

preamble.

Then now onwards on the date of conviction if convicted in any court more than 2

years then immediately disqualified. ex. Lalu – fodder Scam, Jaylalitha etc. (3

month window)

SC in 2014 – ask – centre – all pending case -all trials complete in 1 years.

2017 – SC – ask centre – frame scheme – for all criminal cases special court should

set up.

Current LS – 56% members criminal ,29% heinous charges

Now ECI– petition – SC – direct political parties to filled candidate of criminal past

Should these politician bared – two Arguments.

1) Why should bar – people know in nomination papers so its problem of public

2) If Multiple candidates in constituently – if all there have criminal past then

people not provided with options.

Need of law need of the hour.

CABINET NOD FOR RAISING ABORTION LIMIT TO 24

WEEKS

Petition file in Gujarat HC – by gang rape victim – 7 month pregnant

HC – denied affect both women and child.

Since 1971- medical Termination of pregnancy Act 1971 legal in India

To this Act – can be performed – 20th

week of Pregnancy – can be divided in to two

periods Up to 12 and up to 12 to 20 week. Only single doctors opinion concerned

Condition of abortions

Health is endangered.

Fetus substantial risk physical or mental handicap.

Result of Rape

A woman‟s socioeconomic status may hamper of healthy pregnancy – only up to

20 week.

Demands – enhance till 24 Or 27 week



Bill tabled in Budget Session In 2008 Mumbai – HC – allow a abortion of 26

week fetus – this fetus Diagnosed with heart defect – He may not survive or go

severe medical complications.

Two legitimate reasons

1) Earlier law passed in 1971 now Ultrasound science advanced , MRI. Health

accurately.

2) 2nd

reason – If you don‟t allow legally – then people allow QUACKS – endangered

Health of women.

NOTA – MORE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEN AN

EMPOWERING OPTION

In 2013 ECI given NOTA option

In 2014 LS election – 1.11% votes for NOTA.

In 2019 LS election – 1.08% votes for NOTA.

Based on Recent elections in Gujarat, MP, Karnataka-Petition last year – votes inn

favor of NOTA is more than any other candidates – election should

countermanded.

How can NOTA makes Empowering

Three options

1) In constituency if NOTA get‟s higher votes then contestants and parties banned for

next election in there

2) Make NOTA become NOT B. (below) psychological change (case study Australia

– due to the compulsion of voting there 95 % always vote for first name – Donkey

votes)

3) If the distance between winning and losing candidate is less than vote polled for

NOTA – in this constituency fresh elections should held.

ASSAM – MIZORAM FRESH BORDER ROW

Colonial occupation – part of Bengal Province – in 1874 was separated.

In 1912 Assam province (also includes NE other states)

Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation – 1873 – ILP – to prevent outsiders in setting

NE India – Mainly to protect commercial interest of British

Post Independence – ILP also continue – AP, Mizoram, Nagaland, recently in

Manipur also

Indigenous tribal culture & India‟s strategic Interests

Border Issue – „Sylhet‟ given to Pakistan

Tripura, Manipur UT‟s – Later Statehood given



Post Independent major part of NE in Assam

Nagaland Statehood – 1963

Meghalaya – 1970 – autonomous state inn Assam – later full statehood.

NEFA 1972 – Arunachal Pradesh UT -later in 1987 Statehood

Mizoram – lusai hills carved out and become UT in 1972 then later in 1987 –

Mizoram full statehood

Now still clashes and disputes in forefronts.

Now Mizoram seeks revision of boundary

Mizoram share 123 km border with southern Assam

PRESIDENT GIVES NOD FOR DELIMITATION IN NE

STATES

Delimitation commission

Article 82 – Parliament – act after each census President orders government to form

commission

Till date four commissions constituted – 1952, 1963, 1972, 2002

Composition of delimitation commission

Headed by retired SC Judge, Chief election commission, respective State election

commissioners

Its orders are force of law – cannot be questioned in any court.

In last commission of 2002, constitutional amendment – frozen Delimitation – for

1st census after 2026 (population stabilization programme ends here)

This differ for NE states by presidential order of 2008 because of insurgency

(violence, kidnapping, extortions)

Now insurgency ends

US strikes deal with Taliban

History 9/11 attack by al-Queda – (Laden) safe havens by „Taliban‟

Taliban denied surrender of Laden

Bombing by USA in Afghanistan against „Taliban‟ under Operation Enduring

Freedom war against terrorism.

Why was this war started in 2001 continues till today? Because of resistance of

Taliban – Enough forces , Arms and Equipment‟s also supported by outside forces.

Another government in Taliban region not controlled rise

Pakistan supporting Taliban for it‟s strategic regions.

18 years of war – money & soldiers

Peace Deal- 1st started in Sep 2018

Today‟s deal in Doha, Quatar



Agreement

12 to 14 k soldiers of USA – periodically reduced

Other countries 8600 from 14th

month

Speaks with coalition forces NATO etc

Other side – rules and regulations for Taliban‟s – resist all jihadi groups from this

region

Two other important deals in future

1) Intra Afghanistan talks (Today Afghan govt is no (Taliban + Afghan

government) in talk).

2) Prisoner swamp protocol – release of fighters – 5000k

Concerns

Afghanistan government not considered in this deal-Completely excluded.

India welcomes deal.

CENTRE WORKING ON EXCLUSIVE BODY FOR RIVER

LINKING PROJECTS

Idea revived in 1970-80 ,push in 2002

Still hanging because of various issues

Objective – interlinked surplus water basins with water deficit areas.

Two components

1) Himalayan

2) Peninsular

Prepared by National Water Developing Agency

Reduce floods (Himalayan, Krishna)

Reduce water shortage

Groundwater recharge

Inland navigation

Concern

Ecological+ Environmental (ex. Building Dams)

Financial concerns

Centre state relations – Water (State Subject) but Interstate water dispute is in

„Union list‟

Diplomatic issues (Trans boundary rivers ex. Bangladesh etc)

As of now only 6 projects under construction in that Ken-Betwa is 1st one.

Proposed NIRA (National Interlinking River Authority)

Implementation and execution

Interstate and Intrastate

Generate funds Internally and externally

National Projects 90:10 :: C:S



HEALTH EMERGENCY – POLIO

No care, life time burden

Occurrence prevented by vaccine.

WHO – Immunisation campaign + national Govt.

Till 2010-12 – Eradicated all over world – but remain in India, Pak, Afghanistan,

Nigeria.

WHO – 2014 –declared India free form polio.

Now Nigeria is set to polio free - mate the criteria who polio free states – No new

case of „in 2014‟ wild polio virus for 3 consecutive years

Now there Remain in – Afghanistan, Pak

Increase in case in Pak + Afghanistan

In 2018 – 28 cases – WPV – type I

In 2014 – 156 case – 128(Pak), 28(Afghanistan) – WPV type I

Therefore possible export in neighboring countries – Iran, India.

Reasons

Lack of vaccination – Instability conflict, - Superstition, fake news (vaccine

Hesitancy)

Global community needs to come together

Regional as well as global threats

POLICY ON RARE DISEASES – ‘ANOTHER PIECE OF

PAPER’

Recently Released - National Policy for Rare Diseases – 2020 by Union Health

Ministry

What are Rare Diseases

Occur very rare in population

Due to genetic defects ex. LSD – (lisosomal storage disorder ,sickle sell Anemia etc).

Patient

Unable to access the treatment /unable to afford. Therefore GoI come with this

policy and replace earlier 2017 policy

Financial support of 15 lakh – from Rashtriya Aarogya Nidhi but this is only for

“onetime treatment” Includes – BPL families + 40% of the population as per

MPJAY(Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana)

Reviews Tertiary Treatment in govt hospitals.

Financial Support from

Crowd funding – Alternative funding digital platform for voluntary donations from

individuals & corporate.

Central – It‟s tried to identified high risk couples by encoring premarital genetic

counseling – create awareness.

But Critics –



Flaws approach of funding earlier 2017 policy – 160 crore corpus fund,Centre :

State : : 60 : 40

Every State – technical committee to evaluate application

Inadequate / Unreliable funding in 2020

CORONA VIRUS OUTBREAK – BEIJING

What is virus?

A biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts ex. Animal

infected by virus – the cells of this animal forced to produce thousand of such

copies of such virus

Corona

– large no of virus an common in animals but this is – „Zoonotic‟ – rare cases –

from Animal to Humans

Symptoms

Runny nose, cough

, sore throat, headache, fever.

In weak immunity system causes – pneumonia, Bronchitis

Previously – only six of them infect Humans but this seventh corona virus also

have ability to infect Humans

SARS – China early 2002– cats –

800 people kill

MERS – 2012 – camels – Saudi Arabia

They do not respond to antibiotic treatment

Treat only disease cause to bacteria not thought viruses.

WHO said – not international emergency – by committee – only in China

Critics – poor response WHO ,like H1N1 ,SARS

India – screening – part of entry points ,medical teams – in which Airport Authority

customs and imagination, contact tracing – patient family others

Why they are called Corona Virus

Regularly arranged projections on it‟s surface – entire Virus resembles „emperors

crown‟

Containment measures

lockdown, connectivity suspended, enhance screening, quarantine treatment,

Awareness.

Wuhan – Epicenter – different from earlier breakouts – called unofficially as

„Wuhan strain‟

WHO – designated – Covid -19 – novel corona virus disease

Spread –Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, South Koriya, Japan, USA, India, Hong Kong

Lockdown – Wuhan + Hongkong – 20 million peoples



ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS (API)

India restricted export of it

These are active component in particular drug ex. Polo – (Paracetamol – reduce

pain)

Important in Drug production

India already lags behind its production

Importing from China – (heavily dependent)

ASSAM ACCORD CLAUSE 6

Background –

Illegal migration issue in Assam

Long movement – from 1979 by AASU – illegal migrants should be deported.

End of movement in 1985 – Accord sign – GoI, GoA. AASU.

Those who are entre Assam before 1966 they are resident of Assam

But those enters 1st Jan 1965 to 24

th March 1971 they also resident but for them

political rights not granted for 10 years

After 25th

March 1971- identify, arrested, deported.

That‟s why NRC in Assam.

Clause 6

Constitutional, legislative

, administrative safeguards, to protect, preserve and promote the cultural, Social,

linguistic identity and heritage of „Assamese people‟

For that committee set up, that panel now submitted of Report

Also to identify four indigenous Muslim communities – Census exercise – Goriya,

Moriya, Deshi, Julha

ELECTORAL BONDS

SC declines to stay on poll bound scheme

Free and fair elections – basic structure

Petitioners

1) Violets free and fair election, But court decline their claim but ask election commission

to submit report in 2 week about constitutionality of this scheme

Scheme – 2018 conceptualize this scheme

- Political finance scheme (ideology etc) ex. Individual party approach State Bank of

India

- (You have to pay money in from of check/ digital transaction NEFT, RTGS) issue

you bonds – deposit party you choice

- bond of 10000 thousand 1 lakh, 1 crore .there is no upper limit



- But you can only donate to a political party only to who got 1 % votes in previous

elections

- This political party have 15 days to encash their Bonds/Money.

- Under supervision of RBI

Where is problem then

- There bonds are Bearer Bonds (Identity of donor anonymous)

- Entire process Opaque, lack of transparency

ex. voter – want to know which party I take for (the party who is working for

environmental concern etc for poor – but what if from if it‟s receives donations

from company A which is in mining. (Biggest polluter in India).

- If might this Party in power – may he favors this company A.

Hypothetical example

- Party promises to reduce telecom tariffs

- But if he gets donations from telecom company

- After in power it might favor this telecom company

2) It‟s violets voters right to make an informal choice

ADR - Association of Democratic Reforms – Petition in SC – under Article 19 (a) –

expression includes ask question? SC says yes – as like education.

- Voter would be in better position to candidates

- SC says this informal right under 19 (1) (a).

- But this scheme not declares the names

3) Favors the govt. of the day – free and fair corporate entity – donated – even panty

not known about name

- SBI – state entity, may RBI like institutions control govt of day.

- Ultimately coerce donate towards the party in power opposition funding may

crushed.

Fact

National parties received – 1,93,143 crore through this scheme but in that ruling

BJP got 1,45,089 crore.

Therefore should declare unconstitutional.

LAST NDFB FACTION IN ASSAM PACT

Ethnic clashes, History in NE

Assam one of them

Bodo vs Assames –

Bodo – Ethinic, linguistic group, Brahmaputra Valley in Assam,foothills of Bhutan

/ AP.

Four districts – Kokrajhar, Baksa, Udalguri, Chirang.



All Bodo Student Union (1971) Agitation for Bodo official language in Assam

In 1982 – govt declare as official language

All Assam student union (AASU) – Assam Accord (1985) -No mention of Bodo‟s

ethnicity

Organisation formed by Ranjan Daimary – In 1986 – Bodo security force (BDSF)

– become (National Democratic front of Bodoland).

Huge violence / sovereign Bodoland (BLT)

Indian Army operation In 1990‟s – “Bhutan‟s Operation All Clear”

In 2005 – Tripartite Agreement – GoI, Assam, NDFB.

But in 2008 – Bombast in Guwahati

Therefore fraction as- NDFB – P (Progressive) - Sungthara.

Bombllast NDFB (R) – Ranjan Daimary , 2013 – He found in Bangladesh – given

to India Agreed peace deal.

But – 2016 NDFB (S) – Songbijit / Saoraigwra found New fraction – they now

accepted deal



2. ENVIRONMENT

AUSTRALIA’S DEADLY WILDFIRES

Bush fires – New South Wales State,

Regular + Natural in Dry Season – Some time beneficial for Rejuvenate

Bushfires – Burns the bushes forest area, world lands

Causes – Every year – but this summer Hottest in last decade + direst in entire

History of Australia

Causes – Lighting, Strong wind‟s, Hot waves – word ever

IPCC –Extreme weather event – Coming decades –Eastern Part.

Australia – Coal producer - Largest Exporter

6 million hectors forest burn

23 people killed. (South wells)

Buiding codes, Buffer zone – have to increase

50 crore animals die.

KERAL TO TAKE MORE COVER UNDER (MIYAWAKI

FOREST)

Concept helps to increase green cover in urban areas

Urban Heat Islands – climate change Issue –

Miyawaki Plantation.

- Japanese Tech

- Botanist Akira Miyawaki

- Growing dense forest in urban area by identify Degraded land

Benefits –

- Reduce temp.

- Ensure soil moisture

- Support local wildlife

- Increase green cower in urban area.

2019 WAS 7TH

WARMEST YEAR SINCE 1901

IMD Report

Annual mean Temp (Surface) + 0.360 C above average.

Highest warming – 2016 – 0.710 C above average.

WMD –Rise in Global mean Surface temp in 2019 was + 1.10 C



FOREST ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Panel approves Scheme to „Trade‟ in forests (Forest advisory committee, green credit

scheme)

Forest Advisory Committee

Functions as Apex body with in MoEFCC

Responsible for

Granting

approvals for converting forest land – into –non forest Industrial uses. ex. Mining,

townships etc.

This FAC – approves – green credit scheme

Forest traded commodity

Current system

Industy carry out Defence in forest land then bound by Rules compensatory Act of

2016

CAMPA

Compensatory Afforastation fund management and planning Authority

Two Major Problem

1) Industry – not finding land = forest land

2) CAMAA fund – central govt already collected 50000 crore Rs – manage by centre

-Already disabuse 47000 to

Respective state govt. Unfortunately money not Utilized

Therefore this green credit Scheme

Forest land Traded as commodity

Task of Forestation – outsourced to NGO, private Agencies

How it works

Put agencies, NGO ,village communities to identify patch of Non forest land &

Grow plantation.

This plantation treated as commodity/Compensatory forest land – which can be

trade with Industry.

INSCRIPTIONS CONFIRM PRESENCE OF TWO

MEDIEVAL MONASTERIES AT MAGHALMARI (WB)

Maghalmari – Excavation site in WestBengal

Buddhist monastic site Early medieval period.

Clay Taflet Inscriptions – „2Buddhist monasteries‟ (Epi graphical proof) – 6th

century to 12 century

Also mentioned in finding of „Huen Tsang‟ – 7th

century

10 monasteries – Tamudipta – province in WB .

Inscriptions Buddhist text depicts of hierarchy of Buddhist Monasteries

Organised as – Manvihara

, Vihara, Viharika



10 MORE WETLANDS IN INDIA DECLARED AS RAMSAR

SITES

Wetland Conservation

Critically ecosystem

Harsh environmental conditions

To thrive because of unique adaptation shown by plants and animals by ecosystem.

Variety of fauna & flora water purification – natural filters

Recharge ground

water table ,natural barriers – floods/Tsunamis/Cyclones especially mangrove

forest

High rate of productivity – absorb – CO2 - carbon sinking

Key resource(sustainable manner – local community – food, livelihood

– Industry – medical Industry/ cosmetic Industry exploited them it‟s significant for

economy as well

Recreation potential & Tourism.

Therefore Ramsar convention – 1971 – Iran city Ramsar

Ramsar list – maintained – critically – special focus given (Ramsar site)

International Cooperation

Conservation practices exchange between countries

India being part of India

Until now 27, 10 more added = 37 Now.

ENVIS

Environmental Information system – online data base maintained ministry.

10 New Sites

1) Nandur Madheshwar bird sanctuary -MAH- Nashik

2) Keshopur – Miani community reserve

3) Beas conservation Reserve Punjab 3 + 3 = 6

4) Nangal wildlife sanctuary

5) Nawabgarij bird sanctuary

6) Parvati Agra bird sanctuary

7) Saman bird sanctuary

8) Samaspur bird sanctuary. 6 from UP.

9) Sandi bird sanctuary

10) Sarsai Nawar Lake



EIA

Environment Impact Assessment was release in 2006

MoEFCC – divided projects – category A, Category B

What is EIA

Developmental projects – impact on Environment Development – hand in hand –

sustainable development

EIA – consider all these parameters

Category – A

High impact – given permission – ministry.

EIA – public hearing (public in region) – opinions

Category B

Impact magnitude – lesser than A, hence permission – state level authority –,two

types

1) B1 (Requires EIA + public hearing)

2) (Nor required)

Therefore all B1 put into B2 – EIA.

Concern

Act of Negligence.

Impact seal life

On shore drilling – Agricultural field destroyed. (Public policy, pressure group)

Concept in public administration

NIMBY – not in my backyard : ex. Nuclear power plant – explores energy –

coming in our places – then sense of fear – future catastrophe

NIMBY – all of us wants fruits of development but when this coming in our own

backyard ,cannot be entertained.

AFRICAN CHEETAHS TO PROWL INDIAN FORESTS

(ASIATIC CHEETAHS)

In Indian habits – for experimental basis

Historical type of cheetahs In Indian subcontinent were Asiatic cheetahs

Range

Arabian peninsula

Iran, Iraq, Turkey

Parts of central Asia

Indian subcontinent

Population falls drastically

Today found only In Iran



Habitats

Open Grasslands, semi desert areas

West – Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab

Central – Chhattisgarh, Odisha

South – AP, TN

IUCN

Critically endangered. Declared Extinct in India (1952) – Because over Hunting &

captive breeding

Last confirmed present was noted India – 1947 when Maharaja Ramanoj

Pratapsingh Hunted in korya in today‟s Chhattisgarh.

Practice of Royal Kingdoms In India overhunting – prime sport of kings, Emperors,

British.

Captive Breeding – used as assistance in „Royal Hunt‟s‟ Hunting Deer/ Gazelles

Stay shows that they do not thrive in captivity

Only large mammal In India – extinct – due to anthropogenic and unnatural causes

Last 2 decades – MoEECC + WII + NTCA – efforts

To Introduce

In Early 2000-Ask Iran – 1000 cheetahs - Iran denied

Later – centre for cellular and molecular Biology based Hyderabad – Ask Iran –

to permit – live Tissue Samples – clone and reintroduced In India – Iran denied

After 2010

Ask for Namibia for African Cheetahs

Plan modified on experimental basis

Namibia Agreed.

Identify Potential sites – Kano Pamlpur – MP

Along with Nauradehi wildlife sanctuary of MP & Shangarh Landscape Desert

National Park – Rajasthan ,Banni Grassland – Gujarat, Satyamangalam WS & TR

– TN

In 2012 – petition in SC – Environment grounds

Concerns

Alien species in to unnatural habitat

Acclimatize & Adapt Indian conditions

Conflict with big predators (Lion, Tiger, Leopard) – Insufficient Prey base

Not natural habitat – African cheetah.

Now given approval – NTCA + MoEECC

3 members committee – WII, MoEECC – to guide NTCA.

Progress report Every 4 month.

Extensive survey – Best Habitat – to adopt conditions

Advantages

Revive the species

Restore Grassland

Global Recognition to India

Tourism potential.



ARUNACHAL PRADESH – NEW HIGHWAY THREATENS

TIGER TERRITORY

Arunachal Pradesh has three tiger reserve – Namdapha, Pakke/Pakhui, Kamlang

tiger reserve

Two lane highway – Namdapha Reserve

New highway project – affects Pakke tiger reserve

Project named as East West Industrial Corridor EWIC – Connect west Kameng

district of Arunachal Pradesh with Assam

Impact on Habitat and wildlife.

Also impacting neighboring tiger reserve in Assam – Nameri tiger Reserve.

Bandipur to Waynad in Karnataka and Kerala opposed by peoples. Argument –

Highways is built as ground level through Protected areas – results in traffic –

Accidents.

So, Elevated corridors – under passes for animal movement.

One such elevated corridor in Kanha-Pench tiger reserve in MP & Maharashtra

Namdapha Tiger Reserve

Eastern most tiger reserve Eastern Himalaya (Biodiversity Hotspot) located

between Mishmi hills & Patkai range

Vegetation – Trapical, Evergreen, Temperate,Broadleaf.

Fauna – Namdapha flying sguirrel (CR)

Red Panda (EN)

Show leopard (VU)

Clouded Leopard (VU)

Pakke Tiger Reserve

Arunachal Pradesh

Foot hills of Eastern Himalaya

Kameng River – Brahmaputra

Evergreen, Semi Evergreen Forest, Himalayan Broad leaf forest.


Nameri TR

Assam Adjacent to Pakke TR.

Eastern Himalaya

Same vegetation like Pakke Tiger Reserve


Golden Mahseer (EN) fish

MM hills sanctuary to be Tiger Reserve soon

By NTCA

Chamrajanagar district already 2 reserves Bandipur, BRT (Bilgiri Rang – natna

Temple )

If MM Hill include Karnataka have 6 Tiger Reserves Like MP

Other 3 – Ngarhole, Bhadra, Anshi Dandeli



RUSHIKULYA ROOKERY ALL SET TO WELCOME

OLIVE RIDLEYS

Olive Ridley Turtles

Vulnerable

Tropical and warm waters – Pacific, Indian, Atlantic ( few parts)

Unique feature – mass nesting and hatching.

Threats

Mechanized fishing – Trawling

Marine pollution

Erosion of beach

Debris pollution

Hunting and poaching.

In case of India – Odisha nesting site for than

1) Rushikalya River

2) Gahirmatha Beach.

Rushikalya Rookery

Security – mother turtle

Metal fencing

Community awarness – (local fishing)

Mechanized fishing (Trawlers Banned)

Beach cleaning

Remove Debris, Plastic waste

constant monitoring

WHO, UNICEF – LANCET : REPORT ON PROTECTION OF

CHILDREN

No country offers adequate protection, climate change effect

Evaluates 180 Countries

Ranks – Norway, South Korea, and Netherland at the top.

India – 131 position

Improved Health and Sanitation

Also low spending on Heath.

Obesity (Urban) vs. Malnutrition (Rural ) this Trend is Global as well.

Obese children increasing from 11 million in 2011 to 124 million in 2016 –

Increased 11 times

Socio economic divide

Only 9 countries in the world to reduce CO2 targets – in SE Asia – Sri Lanka

only in the list



PM MAN KI BAAT – (BIODIVERSITY, YUVIKA Etc)

Meghalaya Cave Fish

Worlds largest sub terranean fish

Caves of Jaintia hills

Much related to Mahsear fish

“Troglomorphism – Adaptation to Constant Darkness”

It is blind, white in colour (Lacks of melanin).

ISRO – Yuvika Programme

Site visits for students at ISRO centre‟s.

Workshops on Astronomy

To encourage Young student to gain interest in S & T especially in space

technology

IAF – Biofuel

Recently AN 32 from the Leh Airport

1st Aircraft in India to run an Biofuel

Used 10% mixer of Biojet fuel developed by CSIR & Indian Institute of Petroleum

located at Dehradun

STONE CHARIOT AT HAMPI

ASI planning barricade around.

Dedicated to Garuda

In Vittala Temple Complex.

Buid by king Krishnadevaraya – Vijaynagar Empire in 16th

century

Facinated by Konark – Odisha, Mahabalipuram – Tamilnadu

World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Dravidian style

Slabs of Granite (linkages is hidden) look like one solid structure.

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EASTERN GHATS

OF INDIA

Part of India‟s Natural Heritage

Odisha to Tamilnadu

Rich Biodiversity – flora, founa

Dry deciduous, moist deciduous, semi evergreen forest

Godavari & Krishna major rivers

Ecosystem services – livelihood



Climate change

Temperature variations rainfall disruption – affect forest productivity

Forest and tree cover shrunk around 16% in last two decades

In Papikonda National Park in Andhra alone 650 sq km forest loss.

To Reduce Anthropological stress

Sustainable exploitation

Incentives settled Agriculture

Restore forest peripheries

Used International climate Finance

CHEETAHS – BIG CHALLENGE

Why population decreasing? – Because of Human intervention

Decline of prey.

Loss of habitat – grasslands converted into Agricultural areas.

Hunting and recreational activities

India – Translocation – from African Cheetahs

IUCN Guidelines

Proper habitat prey base required

Prevention

of Conflict – Awareness,

Research with respect with animal.

Conservation lab in India associated with CSIR located Hyderabad, Only research

Facility engaged in conservation and preservation Established in 1998 – help of

Zoo Authority of India, CSIR, Andhra government,

Successful effort Lacones – reintroduced of mousedeer ,Captive breeding

programme in collaboration with Nehru Zoological Park in Hyderabad.

INDIA IS HOST 457 MIGRATORY FAUNA – LATEST CMS

LIST

Bonn convention/CMS – aquatic , birds, Animals

India also party of treaty since 1983

India species-Amur Falcons, Bar headed Geese, Black necked cranes, marine

turtles, Dugongs, Humpbacked whales

Flyways – routes that bird takes from start to the end

India following Highways

Central Asian

East Asian – Australasian



BLACK CARBON LEVELS SPIKE AT HIMALAYAN

GLACIERS

Gangotri Glacier

Black Carbon – incomplete combustion of fossil fuel, biomass

It is climate forcing Agent – because it absorb light and energy more effectively

than CO2

Reduce Earth Albedo – ability to diffuse surface

2nd

largest contributor to climate change

But it is short lived

India 2nd

largest emitter of it

Indo Gangetic plain biggest contributor

BCRI – Black Carbon Research Initiative under Indian network for Climate

Change Assessment



3. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

OMAN SULTANS DEATH

Named – Qaboos

Rule country 50 years.

About Sultan – Came to power in 1970 changed name of country Sultan of Muscat

& OMAN to OMAN.

Father of Modern OMAN

- why?

Development projects – Hospital, Schools etc

Education

Standard of leaving of people

OMAN –

Economy – oil based

But not to rely on only oil.

Expends the country‟s economic base – tourism, oil and refinery of other countries

Changes in foreign policy – isolated to expand it‟s Horizons

Hall mark – ability to mediate in wars

– Saudi Vs Iran, Yemen vs Iran, USA vs Iran.

Also best of ties with Iran.

In 1996 – 1st written constitution of Country.

India and OMAN Relations

His father – was – alumans of mayors college – Ajamer.

His teacher – Shankar Dayal Sharma.

Studied in Pune.

Defence – strong partnership – supply rifles for protection of Sultan.

Nassem-Al-Bahr – Navy Exercise etc

Anti Piracy mission – Operation Turn around – Gulf of Omen.

Top Trading partner

2nd

largest Imports of crude oil from OMAN

RAISINA DIALOGUE

Flagship diplomatic conferee

On geopolitics and geo-economics

Organised by ministry of external Affairs + Observer Research Foundation Asia‟s

Premier diplomatic conferences‟ noted by Singapore

Since 2016 it organized on the line of „Shangri-La Dialogue‟

In 2020

Theme – „Navigating the Alpha Century‟ for India – this – dialogue elevated the

global profile of India.

Platform for ideas

Proactive role in IR



INDIA TO INVITE IMRAN KHAN FOR SCO

19th

Meet – Hosted by India

All Heads of govt invited.

In 1991 – dissociation of Soviet Russia.

Group of countries – China – Kazakisthan, Kirgizstan, Russia , Tajikistan

In 2001 – included Uzbekistan – becomes – SCO

In 2017 India + Pak added

HQ- Beijing.

Russia – Superpower – after 1991 – dismantle – Rise of China

Russia – to control China – wanted India in to this organization

In order to mange India – China included Pak

Two Agenda

1) Counter terrorism – Regional Anti Terrorism Strum (RATS)

2) Connectivity issue (intelligence Sharing). Central Asia – Energy Aspect

BROAD BASED TRADE INVESTMENT AGREEMENT

(BTIA)

Initiated in 2007

Both India + EU.

What is?- Proposed FTA. – Barriers not concludes

Differences –

IPR, Automobile

, visa regime .

1) India Export EU – Jems and Jewelry , & textile, machinery, organic chemicals,

automobiles, iron and steel mineral fuels, pharmaceuticals

2) India Imports – machinery, gems/jewelry, plastic, organic chemicals.

What EU wants

To liberalize legal services (Indian Lawyers not wanted)

Banking – Indian Banking Rules – priority sector lending + financial inclusion

Wines – Reduce tariffs – France expertise

Automobiles Reduce tariffs –Germany manufacturing hub- high duties India.

Dairy sector –

Not join RCEP primary reason (NZ, Aus) therefore high tariffs

IPR

Medicine – India – generic – cost effective. Low income countries. Reverse

engineering EU – should not continue

India wants

Data secure nation – data from EU to India – certificate to India – currently not for

India service projects. Improved market access to IT

BPO, KPO movement of professionals – barriers by EU



Parity conditions wages.

Liberalized work permits / visa‟s

Textile – tariffs

Arbitration – EU – Issue between MNC + India MNC – International circuit to

resolve.

India – Domestic Remedies – only than Intern „Dispute System‟

Non tariff Barriers

Agri sector – Export – products – ex. mangos

Therefore simplified this rules

BTIA – enhance all sectors need to platform trust and transform give and take

PUTINS PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN

RUSSIA

Putin – rule since 1999

Initial term of president – only 4 years.

Till 2008 – he was president.

But Russian constitution – candidate serve president only 2 consecutive terms like

USA.

Contain again but in succession only 2 terms (8 years)

In 2008 Dmitry Medvedev‟s was PM at that time and he was made president and

Putin himself became PM.

Critics

Putin In charge

So in 2012 after Medvedev‟s term is over Putin back again on „President Seat‟

In 2012 – Putin President and Medvedev PM.

He was amended constitution – the term of office 4 years it increase to 6 years

He could occupies post till 2024

Therefore he now proposes serious constitutional changes in Russia

Before that understand Polity of Russia

Manage democracy - appears as democracy but in reality for from it.

Characteristics

1) Strong executive

- Institutions are weak (audit department, judiciary, election commission is weak)

2) State controls the media

3) Elections are held but elites controls elections process

4) Decision making quick –short term effectiveness

5) but long term in efficiency

ex. Electoral Reforms – ex. „Alexei Navlny‟ critic of Putin not allowed to contain

in 2018 presidential election



What is happening in Russia

Jan 15 – proposed constitutional changes

Referendum – people vote for their changes

He did that – Medvedev replace Mikhail Mishustin as PM.

Medvedev appointed as deputy „Chairperson of Council‟

Changes

1) Lets limit the president for 2 terms in life.

2) State council setup – was way back in 2000 council job is to advice president

now he wanted council „Powerless‟

- to give official status for state council now it should be „Official Governing Body

of Russia‟.

3) Previously PM appointed by „President‟ and all other minister also

But now they are appointed by „Duma‟ (Parliament of Russia) and president can‟t

reject these nominations.

4) On Socio economic front – minimum wages in Russia adjusted to inflation

Options to Putin to Rule Russia for a life

1) Go back post to PM like R.T. Erdogan done in Turkey.

PM call Referendam resigned as MP – got himself elected as „President‟ in 2014

2) State Council – deputy

3) chairperson – Medvedev now head this council.

ex. President Nazarbager did in Kazakhstan -Rule 30 years – resigned last year –

strengthen power of Security Council - became

chairperson of this council for life.„This option Act as father of nation for Putin‟

SAGARMATHA DIALOGUE

Diplomatic dialogue hosted by „Nepal‟

150 countries

Regional + Global issue

Main Issues – Climate change, Environment

conservation ,sustainable development.

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Myanmar – protect Rohingya – ethnic Muslims – from 2012 -17 killed – Radial

Buddhist Refugees crisis –Therefore UN most persecuted community.

Principle organ of UN – highest judicial body.

Genocide – accused by „Gambia‟

1948 – Genocide Convention

ICJ said – ethnic minority – status of „protected group‟ under convention

Decision- Final + Binding

Most of the time – there violated by earlier

Because ICJ has no mechanism

to enforce this



BLACK AND GREY LIST

FATF

Financial Action task force

Intergovernmental body, 1989 by 47 countries function under OECD

HQ – Paris

Main objective

Combat money laundering + Terrorism financing

Recommendations FATF has to be implemented by all the members of UN

FATF may take action – Grey list – set of targets need to achieve in set deadline.

Even after this – being Black list

– once in this it has severe economic consequences

Not to rase Intern finance

Won‟t able to attract investment

Won‟t be able to borrow funding.

Currently Pak facing – grey list (India Played key role). India diplomatic influence

Therefore 27 action plan for Pak – Decline.

India interest defects to make into blacklist – in next meeting in Paris next month

Asia Pacific Joint Group – Hosted by China – China baking PaK

India should not letdown some tangible results

Pak – FATF – 2008 Attack – in Grey list lifted in 2015 now again in list

ex. Hafeez Saied – LeT- charge sheet –

masood Azher – JeM – under 1267 sanction committee „Global Terrorist‟ of

UNSC.

LIBYA INTERNAL CONFLICTS (CIVIL WAR )

Since 2011 – 'Arab spring‟

Gadaffi – government dismantle – UN recognize

Government backed by regional powers – Turkey, Italy

Facing challenge by rived forces – loyal to military commander Khalifa Hafterr –

Rebellion – Trying to over through UN govt.

Sponsored – UAE, Egypt, France, Russia

Covert – Proxy War – Regional + Global players

Therefore UN – imposed „Arms Embargo‟ on „Libya‟ - It means export of

weapons to Libya had been prohibited.

But despite this – violated arm embargo law

Libya - located on Mediterranean coast

- largest oil reserve in Africa.



TRUMPS PACE PLAN

Isreal

vs Palestine

Conflict of 2 Religions

Islam vs Judaism

Ottoman Empire – Cary 19th

Century

Muslim, Christ, Jews, peacefully lived

Change feeling of ethnicity – Palestinians, People joining Judaism – Zionism to

nationality

Atrocities in Europe

1st decade of 20

th century – Jew‟s migrated to middle East

Then WW I - Ottoman empire collapse

Victory – Britain + France won WW I

They decide to reorganized this Palestine

Britain took Palestine and also allows migration of Jews

But Tension arrows between Arabs vs Jews

but in 1930 – British decided Jewish migration now Jews fights with Both Arabs +

British

Then was WW II – Jews killed – result – more and more Jews moved to the British

Palestine

Therefore demand of country „Israel‟

1947 – UN plan divide – one for Jews – Israel, One for – Arabs ,Palestine.

UN plan About Jerusalem

Three Regions – Muslim, Christians, Jews – so it become

Special Investment Zone – Jews accepted this – Independence Recognized by UN.

But Arabs though second type of colonialism why should the provided separate

country.

After 2nd

WW

Arab Israel war between 1948 -Israel won – extended territory as well – shrunk

Palestine Area.

Massive refugee crisis – End of war – Gaza with Egypt, West Bank with Jorden

In 1967 – another war – 6 day‟s war – seize - Golen Heights – Syria, west Bank –

from Jorden ,.sieze – Gaza + sinnai peninsula of Egypt + occupied Jerusalem as

well.

In 1978 Israel + Egypt – Camp David accord signed -UN Mediator

Sinnai peninsulas – gave back to Egypt – other states also accepted reality.

Now this Arab + Israel conflict transformed in Israel + Palestine

Solution – Two State Solution

PLO – Palestine liberation organization – Head Yasir Arfat – initially rejected –

later accepted But wanted land back

Now Trump solution – with Palestine territory Israel enclaves

Exit separate country but won‟t have „Airport‟



Jerusalem – undivided capital of Israel. Palestine

Palestine wants – East Jerusalem capital of Palestine

Plan Injustice – failure – Palestine rejected.

Impartial Negotiation – 3 Regions

1) Reject claim of Jerusalem,

2) Refugees Arab + Israel war not allowed to return In Israel Area.

3) Loose 30% of West Bank Area.

BLUE DOT NETWORK

Counter to China‟s BRI (Belt and Road Initiative)

So this network jointly by – US, Japan Australia

To built infrastructure into Ino Pacific region

India also expressed it‟s interest.

INDIA TO CARRY OUT PROJECTS IN RAKHINE

10 key agreements

Critical neighbor, insurgency in NE – Golden Triangle illegal trade practices

China unable NE outfit as Myanmar base ex. NSCN (khalplang) section

Serve as bridge between South, East and south East Asia

Gateway for India in SE.

China invested heavily in Myanmar – oil, Gov, Infrastructure

China developing „Kyakpyu Port‟ and SEZ

China planned railway and road – CMEC-China Myanmar Economic Corridor plan

of part of OBOR initiative

To Counter China

India also invested

Sitthwe port – mouth of Kaladan river

Hydrocarbon exploitation of „Rakhine State‟ India building – Kaladan Multi

Purpose Project

Kolkata to Sittwe port maritime route - inland water way Connectivity over

Kaladan – then further highway of 129 km

To create alternative route NE – India‟s strategic weakness „Siliguri Corridor‟

(only route in which India connect NE – Chicken‟s neck)

IMT Trilateral Highway (India, Myanmar, Thailand)

Coordinated Bus service between „Imphal & Mandalay

Integrated check point at Tamu in Myanmar – people to people movement across

border at Moreh (Manipur) – Tamu (land Border Crossing Agreement in 2018)

Other point zokhawathar – Rin.

Medical radiation equipment Bhabhatron II for treatment of cancer patient

Quick impact project scheme - schools, hospitals etc.

Rakhine State Development Programme (Rohingyas violence) $ 25 million grant

assistance.



UN OHCHR

OFFICE OF THE UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

Principle organ of UN

It is department of UN Secretariat

Universal declaration of human rights in 1948

This office set up in 1993 in the wake up conference on human rights

Do not confuse with UNHRC (offices) with the UN ,Office by Headed by

commissioner and act as secretariat of UNHRC in Geneva, Switzerland

Mandate derives from charter of UN, Vienna Declaration and Programme Action

and UNGA resolution of 1993.

in disaster, terrorism etc

MILAN NAVAL EXERCISE POSTPONED

Due to COVID-19

Multilateral Naval Exercise

By Indian Navy from 1995

Biennial event

Expanded to number of countries.

In 2020 -41 countries invited – 32 accepted invitation

Usually in Bay of Bengal

Cooperation and coordination



4. ECONOMY, AGRICULTURES, SCHEMES

UJJWALA YOJANA

2016 – launched programme

Objective – cooking fuel replace with LPG

To 5 crore women till 2014

SECC – 2011 (Al lSC/ST : Forest dwellers, Backward classes as well)

In 2018 – All the poor people

Indore Air pollution – 2nd

Biggest killer after blood pressure

Dow to Earth – Inactive accounts – after completion of free LPG cylinder

ex. If you not approach gas agency to refill means you (are not using this) after 3

month account will be inactive

3.8 crore– Inactive accounts (Down to Earth)

ICRA TO SET UP ‘FARMERS INNOVATION FUND’

Innovation centre – at Delhi

Currently – Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK) – Documenting Farmers ( not

scientifically validate Research Innovation )

Act as Incubation – make use of fund – and use of technology at commercial level.

Objective –

To promote science based farming (Green + White Revolution possible because of

Science).

ICAR looking to enhance the Impact Scale up tech, propagate wider use.

CABINET NOD FOR FDI IN COAL MINING

Coal mining sector in India – one of the largest resource

Not of highest standards,

Critical input to steel, thermal. Cement etc.

Underutilized Capacity – Reason is – coal mines act 1973.

Nationalized coal mines – PSU – Coal India Limited. 1975 (Monopoly sector).

But never able to exploit India‟s „coal potential‟

Domestic demand not met with domestic production

Landmark decision – In 2015 – coal mining Act 2015

Government started denationalize the coal sector

Initially – few private players mine their own coal for a selected industries

ex. private player cement plant/steel plant allocating coal black by auction



In 2018 –

CCEA divide fully open up coal sector to private sector through auction

Now – cabinet approve – FDI – In Coal Mining – Investment, Team, Managerial

practices.

Mining Deep

100% FDI in coal mining

Break monopoly of OIC

Earlier reforms partial – 100% Auctions.

Coal Action Restrictions –

Only those Industries in power, Iron and steel, coal washer y

Need prior experience in mining

End use Restrictions – Sell and consumption

Mineral laws (Amendment) ordinance

Removes Restrictions

Democratize coal mining sector

Coal Imports

235 MT every year – 1 lakh 71 thousand or Rs.

Estimate – says by privatizing

India easily substitute 135 MT tonne. Other 1000 MT can‟t substitute – Because

high grade not available in India

Investment – Jobs – Tech

Still National Asset

Nurture competition not destroy public sector

ex. BSNL vs Pvt sector = Hope not happen with coal.

GREEN NOD FOR OIL, GAS EXPLORATION WAIVED

Exploratory

Identifying new oil field, particular to region

Two types drilling

1) on shore dry land – deep holes under earth surface

2) offshore – In the ocean water – bed of ocean.

This clearance for Both

FUND CRUNCH HITS MGNREGA SCHEME

> 96% of fund spend

< 2500 crore left for remaining Feb/March month

15 states – due pending – (deficit)

Bound to insure – Rural District

Desperate

Demand for work

Law Budgetary allocation – reduced 60000 crore Rs.

Despite economist suggest increase the allocation



MGNREGA – An Analysis

Introduced in 2005 –

by Act

Later Rename in 2010 – Mahatma Gandhi NREGA

Objectives

Guarantee livelihood security in Rural Areas

Ambitious socio economic programme

Minimum of 100 days of wage employment per year

Every adult in Rural household – voluntary take up unskilled manual work - taken

up by Grampanchayat‟s (Nodal point implementation)

Grampanchayat Project

Constitution and repair of Rural, water tanks, toilets, disilting of lake,Rejuvenation

of wells, ground water table ,conservation of forest etc.

Create Rural Assets

Legal entitlement – wage employment Article 41 (Right to Wrok)

Increase rural demand – Economy,

Reduce Rural Distress

Create Social Inclusion – women priority 33% Registration

Protect Environment

Other Key Features

Demand Driven Scheme – Beneficiaries demanding employment not when govt

wants it

With 15 days after work application Grampanchayat mandated to provide

employment

If it fails to do so then provide employment allowance

Payment

of wages with in 15 days – in case of delays – compensation by Grampanchayat

Social Inclusion minimum 1/3rd

workers should be women

Wages paid – according to – Minimum Wages Act 1948

Social Audit by Gram Sabha.

DBT

Extended to MGNREGA – leakages / fake Beneficiaries

Therefore financial Inclusion is also done.

MIS – Management Information

System – to check real time – data of beneficiaries, work progress, wage payment,

jab cards, work compulsion dues etc.

Last 15 years + ves

-Employment generation – Assest creation – increase in Agri wages -

empowerment of women – uplifting marginal /worker sections SC/ST‟s – Reduce

distress migration – Reduce Poverty -financial Inclusion - creation of sustainable

assets – Employment Generation

2008/09 Financial crisis – India tied over due to strong rural demand



Challenges

Insufficient budget allocation – not with inflation index.

Supply drivers failed

Poor wage Act 1948 – due to delinking

Delay wage – (DBT – linking Aadhar to bank accounts)

Failed to compensaton + allowance

Corruption + leakages – job cards – fabricated – fake -therefore fiscal burden

Social audit

En effective grievance redressal

Insufficient involvement of PRI.

Large no. of Incomplete work.

Poor quality of assests.

Recent demanding dues since Oct. 19.

AIR INDIA - GOI PUTS 100 % STAKE ON THE TABLE

Last four decade – steep fall

Once up on time monopoly

Private players comes –growth.

100% owned by GoI

Late 90‟s - disinvestment

– „proposal‟ – share sold by govt.

From 2014 – witnessed series of problem

1) Aircraft purchased – afford

2) Air India & Indian Airlines merged – International carrier / Domestic Airline

3) Weak Finance – 1st time declared in 2009.

-Arvind Jadhav 30,000 crore injected into AI (Bailout Package).

4) Kingfisher, Jet air way – Bankrupt – public money to them

If It it been private Airline is might be shut

Unprofessionally Run – old Age employ (No match with private Players)

TAT – Turn ground time ex. India – Delhi Airport plan hault - deboarding – young

members ready this plain for next flight early then older ones

Politician to board to plain freely

Employee union – opposed – 2014 – NITI Aayog recommend disinvestment – debt

– 63000 crore should absorb by GoI – sutaible for private player

Govt Invited twice bidder private entry come.

But GoI unwilling to fully exit of Airline 76% sell + debt + employ + work.

Disinvestment now again EoI – Expression of Interest

GoI – give up 100% Stake in GoI

Also 63000 crore not be burden- by all this only burden with 23000 crore -

remaining debt goes into Air India Assets company Limit set up in Feb 2019 – land

transfer to this land Bank Artifacts

Money Raised by GoI

Govt – now willing to exit fully by March 17 – filing last EoI.



NATIONAL TECHNICAL TEXTILE MISSION

Technical Textile

Used for special functioning in Industry – Bullet Proof. Space suits, fire retorted

material, Medical and auto industry.

Critical input for various industries

India unfortunately importing this to reduce import any builds sufficiency in this

sector

GoI launch this mission – for four years, from 2020 – 2021, has four components.

CORONA VIRUS INFECTS GLOBAL MARKETS

Stock commodities, equities dumped by investors – seeking for Government bonds,

treasury bill

Reminding 2008/09 financial crisis (subprime mortgage crisis)

Major Indices Hit

Dow Jones – New Yark Stock Exchange/ NASDAQ.

FTSE 100 London Stock Exchange

Nikkie – Tokyo Stock Exchange

Kaspi – Seoul (South Korea) Stock Exchange

XAX – Frankfurt (Germany) Stock Exchange

SSE Composite Index - Shanghai Stock Exchange

Hang-Sena – Hongkong Stock Exchange

SENSEX – BSE

Nifty 50 – NSE

Investors lost $ 5 trillion

Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) pulling out investment, from India that‟s why

Indian Rupee depreciated

Economic Impact

China – Manufacturing powerhouse supplier of raw material, in globalized world

other countries production disrupted

ex. India – Automobile sector hub ,but components coming out from China

27% of India‟s auto motive, component import

Ban on shipment

Aerial shipment allowed but very costly

BS VI norms – 1st April 2020

Other sector

Pharmacy, electronics, electrical equipment food processing, Toys, Tourism

severally affected around the world.

Travel restrictions, Import export restrictions, Quarantine isolation around world.



INDIA’S DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND

Youth can be clear advantage for India

UN Population fund Defines – Economic growth potential that result from

Population age structure

15 -64 year productive

Currently, one of the youngest population in the world

By 2020 the median age of India – 28 years, for China, USA – 37 years, Western

Europe – 45,Japan – 49

This Phase began for India from 2004 – 05 & Set a for at least 5 decades

Developed Asian Economies – achieve economic growth by exploiting there

demographic dividend

Japan – China, South Korea – not only dividend matters in growth – because it‟s

more of luck and not destiny-suitable policies and programs (Heath, employment,

Infrastructure)

If Policies and programs not aligned with this then this can be „Demographic

Disaster‟

India – population is heterogeneity.

Kerala – already ageing

Bihar working age till 2051

By 2031 – 11 out of 28 major state – working population will decline

Employability depends on Health, Education, Skills

Gender divide– half are women‟s

PM KISAN

Central Sector – 100% funded by GoI.

From 1st Dec. 2018

Income support provided – farmer families (constitutes husband, wife, children –

cultivated land upto 2 hectares).

6000 Rs per annum

3 Installments

2000 Rs per Installment every 4 month

Identify – state govt. & UT.

Beneficiary Target come down now from 14 crore to 12 crore

West Bengal refused to join.

Bihar – waiting – Beneficiary themselves to register (Potential Beneficiary 158

lakh but only 59.7 lakh register).

Some Excluded Families

1) One or more member holds constitutional post

2) One or more was/is – MLA, MP, Mayor, Chairperson

3) One or more govt employee.

4) One or more retired and delivered pension of 10000/month



5. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SECURITY

INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS

Annually – 1st week of Jan association with ISCA - „Indian Science Congress

Association‟

Objective – To promote advance cause of science

HQ - Kolkata.

Since – 1914 – to Promote Scientific Tempe ,107th

edition – Bengaluru

Last few years – pseudo science entry.

Articles published ex. Last years Vice Change – Andhra Pradesh

Kouravas Mahabharat born by stem cell tech. and test tube baby science.

Rama and Ravan – fought with guided missiles

In 2015 – Entire Session on „Aircraft in Vedic age‟

HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT CENTRE OF ISRO

Gaganyan

1st man mission – 2022 - 4 Astronauts (Pilots ) in Russia

We lack facilities

ISRO Proposed 2700 crore plan – to create Infra – to setup facility – called Human

Space Flight Centre (HSFC) – at Challakere – in Karnataka.

SARAS

India‟s Indigenous Light Transport Aircraft.

Designed – by National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL).

This NAL – Established by Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)

In 1950 – HQ, Bangalore

Works closely with HAL, DRDO, ISRO.

Prime Responsibility – Developing civilian air crafts in India

SARAS – 1st Prototype in 2004 – In 2017 Revived - Central Govt should be

“launch Customer” of this aircraft i.e. GoI buy at least 50/60 – commercially

viable.

Also used under UDAN scheme – Regional connectively Scheme + VIP Services

as well



HC (MADRAS) ASK CENTRE TO HELP LSD PATIENTS –

LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS

More than 50 genetically inherited metabolic disorders

Due to detect in lysosomal function cell contain

sack of enzymes, used in metabolism, proteins, Breakdown large molecules not

used by cells – therefore called cells recycling centre

Waste disposal system of cell

Shortly of enzyme leads to genetic mutation

Affects – Young children‟s

Unfortunately no care – only way – enzyme replacement therapy or Bonne marrow

transplantation

(Expensive) - therefore fatality rate is high.

Centre also share finance with state govt.

NEW SATELLITES WILL HELP GAGANYAN CREW

(INDIAN DATA RELAY SATELLITE SYSTEM (IDRSS)

Objective –

Communicating satellites in Geostationary orbit

37786 km above eastern equator / equal to Earth‟s Rotation Period. Therefore

motionless of fixed position.

Indian Spacecraft and Indian Satellite – Especially place in LEO

Essential for Gaganyan Mission – if the astronaut to stay with Mission Control

Continuously

When satellite/Space crafts placed in LEO they are visible at ground based tracking

stations only at certain points of time. – this only by unique Orbital orientation of

the satellites to placed in LEO.

Therefore communication Gap – Acceptable in Image and Remote sensing

satellites

In real time tracking and communication For man spaced mission needed

In order to fill gap – Space Agencies – around the world – India tied with – Brunei,

Indonesia, Mauritius, Vietnam, Bhutan etc.

But these not sufficient.

ISRO also tied with NASA, SAJAXA, CNES (France) ESA (Europe) still not

provide 24 X 7 coverage in LEO

IDRSS – Geostationary orbit

USA – ISA, Russia – Mir Space stations

USA, Russia – already Data Relay System in 1970‟s / 80‟s

China – Already created it‟s own.



NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY

Deals with – Military tactics, Leadership, management, tech, HR

1st time need in 1960

But Kargil war – Kargil committee – lead by India‟s Strategic thinker K.

Sugrahmanyam (father of Current MoEA S. JayShankar).

Recommended NDU – for Training, Education

Accepted – Manmohan singh govt. – in 2010 foundation stone also laid –

Guragram

But present still no near in completion

this is high time to established this NDU

MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Approves rules of business DMA

This is 5th

Department

Department of 1) Defence, 2) Production, 3) R+D, 4) Ex-service welfare

Headed by CDS – (Secretary of this)

Treding policy, establishments, cadre management, defense diplomacy

Deputations – NDA, IMA, OTA

Defense series Staff college

Cadre Review

Deals with procurements except „Capital acquisitions‟ & Defense Import

REGULATION OF DRONES IN INDIA

Use by civilians – threat to national security.

Ministry of Civil Aviation (DGCA) - 2018 Rules Activate from 1st Dec 2018

All drone owners in India – Registration on online portal

„Digital Stay Portal‟ issued – UID – obtain licensed UAOP (Unmanned aircraft

operator permit)

Permission not need – who are working for Defense and Intelligence mandatory for

„Civilian Operator‟.

Also exempt „Nano drones‟ , mainly use as recreational toys.

Regulatory

No fly zones – In sensitive Areas – Airport Defence area

MoCA – deadline for voluntarily Registration



GSAT – 30 GIVES INDIA A COMMUNICATION BOOST

INAT 4 A – in 2005 – replace by GSAT – 30

15 years mission, two transpondars – provide Services– Normal C band and 12 KU

band Indian mainly

Mostly used for communication.

Differences

Wavelength of dissection of signals in C Band is comparatively large

Dish bigger in C Band, dish smaller in KU Band – wavelength difference

Rain,thunderstroms – signals – gait interrupted in KU in C band

Applications

GSAT – 30 DTH

Connectivity to USATS (Bands Working Support)

Stock exchange

Television up linking

Telecom services

Digital satellite news gadgets

„E-governance‟

THIRTY METRE TELESCOPE SHIFTED OUT OF

PROPOSED SITE

Extremely large

Mauna Kea Island – „Hawaii – USA‟ (also dormant volcano, highest point in

Hawaii).

World‟s largest visible Light Telescope

First time idea – 1980

Took Momentum in 2000.

Joint venture – USA + Canada + China + Japan + India

India – key sponsor – 200 million – Technology. –providing précised polished

mirrors

Expected till 2025 but delayed – agitation by native island peoples put, India wants

it‟s shifting

Also in another news – Preliminary talks on „Joint Asian observatory‟

Consortium – consist – 8 – East Asian countries – to build large telescope.

VYOM WOMEN

Vyom mitra – Humanoid

part of unmanned test flights

Primary design to test environment control and life support system functions detect

invention changes with cabin and change air condition



HYPERSONIC TECHNOLOGY

Ballistic Missile

Very low altitudes

Carry nuclear warheads

Can maneuver

Can‟t be intercepted

Recently in Dec 2019 – Russia 1st in world tested it

Vehicle Avangard - Hypersonic Glide Vehicle – deliver nuclear weapons – 20 time

the speed of sounds.

China – also developed – DF – 17/ UA

Concern – Russia, China campaigning globally – weakens nuclear deterrence of

both Russia + China

Implications

Miscalculation / misperception track during moments of crisis nuclear warfare

To counter this Arm Race – out space need to work out treaty.

India – balance assessment of positions of this tech.

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