UPS Topologies and

Configurations

Jim Tubbesing

Heath Wilson

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

The “Real World”

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20kVA

40kVA

80kVA

100kVA

225kVA

375kVA

500kVA

800kVA

0

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Percent Loaded

UPS Average % Load

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

All UPS Online Minimum 1 year

Some Systems Scaled from Day 1 Capacity

Systems with Highest loads were Scalable UPS Systems

175 UPS Systems

• N, N+1, 2N, 2N+1

82% of UPS Systems were

loaded less than 40%

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Definitions

•UPS System: A device that provides battery backup power when the source

power fails in a single house or enclosure assembly.

•N+1: A form of resilience that ensures system availability in the event of a

component failure. Components (N) have at least one independent backup

component (+1). N+1 redundancy shall be accomplished with active-active

components, in such cases the backup component will remain active in the

operation even if all other components are fully functional, however the system will

be able to perform in the event that one component is faulted and recover from a

single component failure.

•Power Module: An assembly which contains an input rectifier/charger circuit,

output inverter, logic and control circuitry.

•N+1 UPS System: A UPS system comprised of multiple power modules in a

parallel-redundant scalable array architecture. The system shall be comprised of

multiple power modules capable of being configured for N+1 redundant operation

at the rated system load within one single house or enclosure assembly.

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Line Interactive UPS

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Double Conversion, On Line

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Flywheel

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

●Benefits

● Proven performance

● 5 minutes to >1 hr run time

● 3-5 year life typical (VRLA)

● 12-15 year life typical (VLA)

● Good Dynamic Response

● Acceptable reliability vs. cost

● TCO lower for Battery System

Static UPS W/Batteries Flywheels/Rotary

●Benefits

● Highly reliable/predictable energy storage

● Typical runtime: 10- 20 seconds or more

● 20 year life

● Compact Footprint(?)

● Lightweight

● High Cycling Capability

● Low heat generation

● Environmentally friendly(?)

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

N+1 Redundancy through Paralleled UPS Modules

● Expandable by Adding Modules

as Loads Grow

● Centralized Static Switch

● 100% Rated

● Redundant Communication

● Module to Module.

● Parallel for Capacity/ Redundancy

● Up to 4000 kW redundant

● Multiple Configurations for

capacity and redundancy

● If a individual module goes offline

or UPS shutdown, the critical load

will be supported by the remaining

modules

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

®

N+1 Redundancy Using Modular, Scalable UPS Systems

Power View

Easy to read and navigate through

menus and functions

Power Module

Provides the flexibility to scale

power capacity and adds N+1

capability

Built-in Static Bypass Switch

Enables the UPS to transfer the load to

utility power, without interruption, in case

of heavy overload or faulty conditions

Redundant

Intelligence Module

Acts as back-up for the Main

Intelligence Module

Battery Module

Hot swappable for easy

replacement by trained user

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Modularity and Mean Time To Repair

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Isolated Redundant● Basic concept - the critical

load is never fed by the

utility power, regardless of

UPS shutdown or

maintenance operation

● Redundancy is

accomplished by installing

a redundant system

module that feeds the

bypass static switch and

maintenance bypass of the

primary module feeding the

load

● No control circuitry

interconnection between

modules

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Integrated Parallel/Distributed Static Switch

● Unique Solution that allows

identically rated “single

modules” to be connected in

parallel to a common bus and

share the load equally

● If a individual module goes

offline whether in maintenance

or UPS shutdown, the critical

load will be supported by the

remaining modules

● Parallel for Redundancy or

Capacity

● Expand modules as you growCB

CB

208V

3PH

Yr 2Yr 3 Yr 1 Initial Investment (2 Module)

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Distributed Redundant

● System uses groups of

separated primary busses,

with each buss designed to

support a rated load

● BUS A

● BUS B

● Redundancy is achieved via

a Static Transfer Switch

(STS) with two separate

UPS sources

● Static Transfer Switch

● Primary Source

● Alternate Source

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

2N+1, Two Independent Power Sources to Load

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

N+1 UPS Systems

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

100kVA Footprint Comparison

27.2 sq ft

vs

24.2 sq ft

27.2 sq ft

vs

42 sq ft

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Symmetra PX100 100kW or 90kW N+1MIM / RIM

Battery Module

I/O SectionStatic Bypass

Switch

10kW Power

Modules

Maintenance

Bypass

Panel 600:480:208V Input

72 Position

Distribution Panel

Fully Rated System

Subfeed Output

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

400/415/480V Symmetra PX● Frame Size: 250 / 500kW N+1 Scalable with 25kW Power Modules

● Topology: IGBT Based Double Conversion with a 20kW PWM

● Input Power Factor: Unity

● Input Current Distortion: <6%

● Input Voltage Range:

● +/-15% for full performance

● -20% with reduced charge power

● Input Frequency Range: 40-70Hz

● Max Input short-circuit level: 50kAIC

● System Efficiency: 96% at 35% load

● Output Rating: KVA = kW, equal to frame size

● Overload Capacity:

● 125% continuous on static bypass

● 150% for 30 seconds

● 1000% for 100ms on static bypass (fault clearing)

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Symmetra PXTM

250/500kW

Battery Cabinets Power Frames

I/O Frame

Maintenance

Bypass

with Distribution

Static

Bypass Switch

MIM/RIM

Four NMCSmartSlots

10-20 Inverter

Power Modules

Touch-

Screen

User

Interface

1-10 Inverter

Power Modules

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Symmetra MW®

● Frame Size: 400 – 1600kW N+1 Scalable with 200kW Power Modules

● Topology: IGBT Based Delta Conversion

● Input Power Factor: Unity

● Input Current Distortion: <5%

● Input Voltage Range:

● +/-15% for full performance

● Input Frequency Range: +/- .5Hz – 8Hz

● Max Input short-circuit level: 200kAIC

● System Efficiency: 95.5% at 35% load – 97% at 75% load

● Output Rating: KVA = kW, equal to frame size

● Overload Capacity:

● 200% for 60 seconds

● 125% for 10 minutes

● 125% continuous on static bypass

● 1000% for 100ms on static bypass (fault clearing)

● Heat Dissipation:

● 800kW Frame = 24.8kW, 84,500.00 BTU/hr

● 1600kW Frame = 49.5kW, 168,849.00 BTU/hr

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Symmetra MW®

Design BenefitsInput/Output Section

Spacious cable section for ease

of installation. Top or bottom, left

or right side cable entry

Inverter Section

Load-sharing 200 kW power

modules provide the flexibility

to right-size, scale power

capacity and adds N+1

capability

Control Section: Static

Bypass Switch

The built-in static bypass switch (400

and 600kW models) provides for safe

transfer to an alternate source without

interrupting the supply to the loadSymmetra MW

Ultra-high Efficiency

Up to 97% efficiency at fullload provides reduced heat

dissipation and energy

costs, and enables the use

of smaller cooling systems

Control Section: LCD

Touch-screen

Configurable touch-screen

with network interface offers

easy access to all critical UPS

and ancillary equipment data

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

100kW Day 1100kW Installed Capacity and Battery

Electrical Installation sized for 500kW

100kW of Power Modules installed (125kW for N+1)

Battery sized for 100kW Load

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

150kW of Power Modules added

Battery Frames Fully Populated

Upgrade System without going to Bypass

150kW Expansion Year 2250kW Installed Capacity and Battery

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

225kW Expansion Year 4 (Max Load)475kW Installed Capacity and Battery

UPS loaded to Maximum Capacity

225kW of Power Modules installed

2 Battery Cabinets added

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Scenario

Day 1 Load 600kW

2 Years 200kW Expansion

6 Years 550kW Expansion

Total System Capacity 1350kW

N+1 Redundancy

10 Minute Battery

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

600kW N+1 Day 1

Electrical Installation

Right-Sized

For Day 1 loads

1500kVA of UPS

Installed for Day 1

load of 600kW

Annual Energy Costs

$24,383

Annual Energy Costs

$68,556

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

200kW Expansion Year 2

Annual Energy Costs

$32,511

Added 200kW of Power and Batteries

2 New Strings of Batteries

No Construction for Upgrades

Total System Capacity 800kW N+1

Added 750kVA UPS

4 New Strings of Batteries

Downtime for Construction?

Commission new UPS module?

Total System Capacity 1350kW N+1

Annual Energy Costs

$91,408

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

550kW Expansion Year 6 (Max Load)

Annual Energy Costs

$54,862

Added 600kW of Power and 4 Strings of Batteries

128 Batteries from Day 1 startup replaced at Year 5.

(1) UPS Service Contract

(320) Batteries to be maintained

Total System Capacity 1400kW N+1

No new equipment added during Year 6 expansion

320 Batteries from Day 1 startup replaced at Year 5 - $57,000 more than the Modular Replacement Cost

(3) UPS Service Contracts

(480) Batteries to be maintained

Total System Capacity 1350kW N+1 Annual Energy Costs

$133,519

APC by Schneider Electric – Name – Date

Questions ?

Jim Tubbesing Heath Wilson

(972) 898-2526 (469) 450-5216

jim@tubbesing.com heath@tubbesing.com