UTTAR PARDESH POWER CORPORATION LIMITED

33/11 & 400 KV SUBSTATION

AGRA (U.P.)SUBMITTED BY :-

MANISH GUPTA 1006421045

NEHA SINGH 1006421059

PUNEET DHINGRA1006421066

UZMA UDDIN1006421108

• Introduction• Single Line Diagram• Power Transformer• A Quick Picture Of How Substation Works • Lightening Arrestor• Wave Trap• Current Transformer• Potential Transformer• Circuit Breaker• Isolator & Earth Switch• New Instruments• Conclusion

TABLE OF CONTENT

Electric power is produced at the power generating stations, which are generally located far away from the load centers. High voltage transmission lines are used to transmit the electric power from the generating stations to the load centers. Between the power generating station and consumers a number of transformations and switching stations are required. These are generally known as substations. Substations are important part of power system and form a link between generating stations, transmission systems and distribution systems. The generation, transmission and distribution system of electrical power is called the electrical power supply system.

INTRODUCTION

Substation is an assembly of electrical components such as bus-bars, switchgear apparatus, power transformers etc.In 400 KV substations, there is three yard:400 KV yard220 KV yard132 KV yard Some of the important components of substation in above yard are.1. POWER TRANSFORMER2. CURRENT TRANSFORMER3. CIRCUIT BREAKER 4. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER5. BUS BAR6. LIGHTENING ARRESTERS7. ISOLATORS8. EARTH SWITCHES

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM(440KV PILLI POKHAR

SUBSTATION)

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 33/11 KV

POWER TRANSOFORMER

WHAT IS POWER TRANSOFRMERWORKING PRINCIPLEPRACTICAL WORKINGMAIN CONSTRUCTION PARTS

PRIMARY WINDINGMAGNETIC CORESECONDARY WINDING

PARTS OF TRANSFORMER

• TAP CHANGER• TANK• CONSERVATOR • SILICA GEL BREATHER• BCHHOLZ RELAY• DOUBLE DIAPHRANGM EXPLOSION

VENT• OIL LEVEL INDICATOR• WINDING TEPERATURE INDICATOR

A QUICK PICTURE OF HOW SUBSTATION WORKS

Lightning Arrestor

LIGHTNING ARRESTOR

 Lightening arresters discharge the over voltage surges to earth and protect the equipment insulation from switching surges & lightening surges. surge arresters are generally connected between phase conductor and ground. In a substation surge arrester is located at the starting of the substation as seen from incoming transmission lines and is the first equipment of the substation. Surge arrester are also provided near the transformer terminals phase to ground

WAVE TRAP

Wave trap is a PLCC (power line carrier communication) communication in power system which block the outer frequency of other power station these are installed in switch yard. It is also known as line trap. This equipment is installed in the substation for trapping the high frequency communication signals sent on the line from remote substation and diverting them to the telecom panel in the substation control room.

A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of alternating electric currents. Current transformer, together with voltage VT is known as instrument transformers.

The lines in substations carry currents in the order of thousands of amperes. The measuring instruments are designed for low value of currents. Current transformers are connected in lines to supply measuring instruments and protective relays.When current in a circuit is too high to direct apply to measuring instruments, a CT produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording instruments.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER

The lines in substations operate at high voltages. The measuring instruments are designed for low value of voltages. Potential transformers are connected in lines to supply measuring instruments and protective relays. These transformers make the low voltage instruments suitable for measurement of high voltages.

Potential transformer

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

Circuit breakers are used for opening or closing a circuit undernormal as well as abnormal (faulty) conditions. Different types of CBs which are generally used are oil circuit breaker, air-blast circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker and SF6 circuit breaker.of a short circuit.

SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

CIRCUIT BREAKER

Isolators are employed in substations to isolate a part of the system for general maintenance. Isolator switches are operated only under no load condition. They are provided on each side of every circuit breaker.

Earth switch is used to discharge the voltage in the circuit to earth for safety. It is located for each incoming transmission line and each side of the bulbar section.

ISOLATER

EARTH SWITCH

Isolators

Earth switch

When number of lines operating at the same voltage levels needs to be connected electrically, bus-bars are used. Bus-bars are conductors made of copper or aluminium, with very low impedance and high current carrying capacity. Different types of bus-bar arrangements are…single bus bar arrangements, single bus-bar with sectionalisation, double bus-bar arrangements, and ring bus-bar scheme and etc.

BUS BAR

500mva transformer

750 mva transformer

NEW INSTRUMENTS

Now from this report we can conclude that electricity plays an important role in our life, we made aware of how the transmission of electricity is done. We also came to know about the various parts of the substations system.

CONCLUSION

THE END….