UNNExT Workshop on

Agricultural Trade Facilitation and Business

Process Analysis in Bangladesh

27-29 October

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mike Dillon Hasan A. Chowdhury Md. Saleh Ahmed Md. Rafiqul Islam Margarita Corrales Sridhar Dharmapuri John Ryder

Promoting Mango Trade from Bangladesh to EU Mainstream Market

FAO Project “Improving Food Safety in Bangladesh” with Hortex and the Department of Agriculture Extension

Donor support from the Dutch Embassy

Top mango producing countries

Country Production (MT) Rank

India 15,188,000 1

China 4,350,000 2

Thailand 2,600,000 3

Indonesia 2,131,139 4

Pakistan 1,888,449 5

Mexico 1,827,314 6

Brazil 1,249,521 7

Bangladesh 889,176 8

Nigeria 850,000 9

Philippines 800,551 10 Source: FAOSTAT database,2014

However, Bangladesh does not figure in the list of top 10 mango exporters.

Enhancing Trade In Mangoes

METHODOLOGY

• Analyze the value chain

• Identify constraints and challenges

• Develop guidelines for safety and quality

• Enhance capacity by training and demonstration

• Implement good practices and monitor

• Identify markets and opportunities

• Address buyer requirements

Value chain analysis in Bangladesh

Situational analysis of mango orchards

Hortex in collaboration with DAE Officials conducted a baseline survey in 7 different districts

Southern Region • Satkhira

Chittagong Hill Tracts • Khagrachori • Rangamati • Bandarban

Northern Region • Rajshahi • Pabna • Chapainowabgonj

Baseline survey

Excessive application of pesticides

Imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers

Use of unapproved chemicals as growth regulators

Inadequate maintenance of personal and environmental safety

Non-observance of pre-harvest index in some cases

Poor postharvest handling practices

Poor practices in handling produce during transportation to the market

Value chain analysis – food safety issues

Challenges to improving food safety in mango value chains

The uncontrolled use of agrochemicals and fertilizers

Lack of attention to personal and environmental safety

Lack of adequate post-harvest practices to preserve quality

Lack of capacity and post-harvest facilities for

handling, transportation and storage

sorting and grading

appropriate packaging

The key challenge

Induce farmers to change behavior by demonstrating value of adopting

food safety control measures

Value chain analysis - challenges

Guidelines

• Principles of food control

• Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points

• Codes of practice – GAP, GHP

• Cost-benefit analysis

• Demonstrating gain

Food safety controls

Capacity building through a cascade

Lead Farmers (500)

Growers, value chain actors

Lead Trainers (100)

Upazila Officers

Certified Master Trainers (30)

Experts

Food Control Guideline Document and

Modules

Certified education

30 Master Trainers, 100 Lead trainers and 500 lead farmers

Markets and opportunities

• Export of Indian and Pakistani mangoes to EU was banned in 2014

• This caused a supply gap in the UK especially during Ramadan

• Bangladesh has mango varieties that mature earlier in the summer

• Expert recognized that at the right price point these could be profitably sold in the UK

How the links were made with Walmart - 1

• Experts travelled to Bangladesh and took samples

• They chose local aromatic varieties that would be welcomed by UK consumers

• 6 varieties were trialed for taste and 3 approved by Walmart for a test shipment (Himsagar, Langra, BARI-3)

• A series of technical issues now had to be addressed

How the links were made with Walmart - 2

• Mango producers needed to be certified as following Good Agriculture Practices

• FAO guidelines and certified education ensured that the supply chain was considered compliant

• FAO expert examined and audited the supply chain for – ethical requirements – commercial requirements including packaging – testing facilities and capabilities

• FAO expert and Hortex identified a commercial partner who could carry out the trial shipment

Harvest Orchards Transport to

packing house

Mango shipment to Walmart

Hot water treatment

Washing Inversion

Mango shipment to Walmart

Chemical and pest-free mangoes

• Phytosanitary certificate

– Dept. of Agriculture Extension, Bangladesh

– Importer for Walmart in the UK

• Food safety testing

– Pesticide residues were below maximum permitted levels

Pesticide analysis

Packaging Arrival in the UK

Mango shipment to Walmart, UK

Shipment 1

17.05.15

Shipment 2

31.05.15

Shipment 3

05.06.15

Shipment 4

12.06.15

No pesticide residues No formalin Good organoleptic characteristics

- 10% mangos green - 35% Fruits damaged - Mango boxes wet and transpired - Mangos with sapburn

- Improve sorting - Improve handling and palletization - Wash fruits

No pesticide residues No formalin Very good organoleptic characteristics

- Wet boxes - Sapburn/black spotting - No cool transport

- Improve grading - Washing of mangos - Store mangos at 20C - Improve packaging

No pesticide residues No formalin Very good organoleptic charachteristics

- Wet boxes - Sapburn/black spotting - No cool transport

- Refrigerated transport - Mango desapping - Washing with water - Hot water treatment - Storing at 20ºC - Packaging

No pesticide residues No formalin Very good organoleptic characteristics

- Sapburn/black spotting

- Cold chain - Hot water treatment - Packaging

Compliances

Non-Compliances

Corrective Actions

Safe Mango Production

Post-harvest treatment

Documentation

Traceability

GAP Certification

Towards GAP Certification

Towards GAP certification

Pesticide Residues: Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) in selected mango orchards were below EU Standards

Post-harvest treatment: Selected farms are making progress towards establishment of post-harvest practices

Pest risk assessment: Bangladesh was able to provide evidence on pest free areas

Traceability: Farm and mango market records are non-existent. Record keeping is a requirement for EU export. Trained farmers are currently keeping records

GMP Certification: Packhouses are moving towards the establishment of GMP

SAARC GAP: Bangladesh is working in a certification scheme

Next steps

• Prepare for 2016 season

• Ensure commercial capability 24/7

• Compete continuously

– Ban on Indian mangoes has been lifted

• Improve post-harvest treatments

• Ensure cold-chain systems

• Packing house

– Good Manufacturing Practices

– Packaging know-how

– All elements of GAP

Thank you

Mango production in Bangladesh

Year Area Production (MT)

2013-2014 161,649.00 1,794,235.00

2012-2013 156,322.00 1,504,815.00

2011-2012 155,430.00 1,487,324.00

Source: DAE, 2015

Mango Production

Hortex assisted exports

• 150 MT to the UK ethnic market

• 3.4 MT in 4 consignments (Walmart, ASDA) in 2015

Mango export to UK

Second Shipment Mangos 31/05/2015

SL No Langra, S1 Langra S2 Langra S3

Ext. Colour

Int. Colour

pH 4.0 4.0 4.0

TSS 15.75 15.50 17.0

Taste (score) Slight (5.6) Slight (5.3) Slight-good (6.0)

Sweet (score) slight (3.0) slight (3.0) Balanced (5.3)

Sour (score) Balanced (5.3) Light (4.0) Light (4.0)

Fibrousity (score)

Balanced(4.3) Balanced (4.0) Balanced (5.0)

Sensory analysis

Sanitary and Phytosanitary compliances

Mango shipment

Mango shipment to Walmart, UK

Washing

Transport

Harvesting

Hot Water Treatment

Inversion

Packaging