UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” MODULE 5 : Part 2 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE.
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Transcript of UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL “Generates Professionals” MODULE 5 : Part 2 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE.
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MODULE 5 : Part 2INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
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Module Objectives
• At the end of the module, students should be able to:– Describe the process of creating a database in
general terms– Compare and contrast relational and object-
oriented databases– Explain what a data warehouse is and how it
differs from a database
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Creating and Using a Database
1. Creating the database
2. Determining the table structure
3. Setting up the file structure
4. Entering the data
5. Using the database
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1. Creating the Database
• Consider your needs– Reports you will need– Inquiries you will want to make
• consider possible future needs and the needs of other user.
• it is better to design carefully and minimize the need to modify the database structure.
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2. Determining the Table Structure
• Sketch the table structure – what kind of data is needed in each column
• Determine characteristics of field– Field name
• Each field must have a unique field name
– Field type– Field width
• The maximum number of characters, including decimal places
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Field Types
• Character fields – contain descriptive data• Numeric fields – contain numbers used for
calculation– Specify the number of decimal places
• Date fields• Logical fields – keep track of true/false or
yes/no conditions
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3. Setting Up the File Structure
• Design the structure for each table– Define the table– Define each field in
the table– Define primary key
• Set up the table in design view
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4. Entering the Data
• Enter data into the tables in datasheet view
• Enter data into the tables by using a graphical form
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5. Using the Database
• Many operations can be performed to view and modify the datai. List the records
ii. List specific fields
iii. Make a query
iv. Modify the data
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i. List the Records
• Displays the table in datasheet view– Displays all rows
and all columns
• Can be displayed on monitor or printed
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ii. List Specific Fields
• Displays only the fields you want to view
• Use SQL to select the desired fields
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iii. Make a Query
• Use SQL or query-by-example to produce a query– Use relational operator
to define criteria– Can be displayed on
monitor or printed– Can be formatted into a
report
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iv. Modify the Data
• Add new records• Update (make changes to) an existing
record• Delete records
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The Object-Oriented Database Model
• Designed to manipulate complex data types– Examples include maps and audio and video
files
• The object object is the main focus• Designed to incorporate object-oriented
programming with large amounts of complex data
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An Object
• Represents a real-world entity (person, place, or thing)
• Includes both the entity and any actions that work with that entity– Includes characteristics (properties) of entity– Includes actions the entity can perform– Includes actions that can be performed on the
entity
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Data Warehouses
• Contain data that has been captured in company databases– Can contain data that has been gathered from
external sources
• Use a variety of analytical tools
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Analytical Tools
• Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) software – Analyzes data from all databases in the data
warehouse– Provides different “views” of the same data
• Data mining uses sophisticated statistical and artificial intelligence techniques– Looks for previously unrecognized patterns,
relationships, and trends among the data
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Where to Get More Information
• H.L. Capron, J.A. Johnson. 2004. Computers: Tools for an Information Age.
Eighth Edition. Prentice-Hall. -- Chap 13
• Kroenke, D.M. 1998. Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design and
Implementation. Prentice-Hall. London.
• McFadden, F.R., Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B. 1999, Modern Database
Management. Addison Wesley. Massachusetts.
• O’Leary, T.J., O’Leary, L.I. 1997. Computing Essentials. New York. McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.