D3 Universiti Tenaga Nasional

8/6/2019 D3 Universiti Tenaga Nasional

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Prof. Dr. Ir. Kamsani Abdul MajidDr. Adlansyah Abd Rahman


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UNITEN Green Technology Initiative

Institute of EnergyPolicy & Research

IEPRe

GREEN TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL

POWER ENGINEERING CENTRE (PEC) NUCLEAR ENERGY CENTRE (NEC) CENTRE FOR POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION (CPSS) CENTRE FOR COM SERVICE CONVERGENCE TECH (CCSCT) CENTRE FOR STORMWATER & GEOHAZARD MGMT(CSGM) CENTRE FOR ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL ENG (CACE)

CENTRE FOR FORENSIC ENGINEERING (CeFE) CENTRE FOR SYSTEM ENGINEERING (CSE) CENTRE FOR POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY AND

PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION (CPTPO) CENTRE FOR PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGY (CPT) CENTRE FOR SYSTEM & MACHINE INTELLIGENCE (CSMI)

CENTRE FOR RADIO FREQ & MICROWAVE ENG (CRFME)

Ministry of NaturalResources & Environment

Local &

OverseaUniversities


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~VISION~

To be a leading centre of excellence

and regional knowledge hub in

renewable energy

~MISSION~

CRE is committed to the advancement

of renewable energy sciences and

engineering through dedicatedresearch and developmentprograms,

the development oftechnologies and

practical applications, and transfers

knowledge and innovations withstrong links to industry

~VISION~

To be the premier R&D

organization for the electrical

supply industry globally

~MISSION~

We are committed to excellencein research & services

We want to enhance our

stakeholders interest through

leading edge technology


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TNB Subsidiaries

Commercial (International)IHL (International)

IHL (National)

Government Agencies

Partners and Collaborators

Commercial (National)


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CRE Focus R & D Areas and Programmes

Alternative EnergyNuclear capacity

buildingEnergy HarvesterResearch Programme

Fuel Cell & Hydrogen

EnergyEfficiency

Waste HeatRecovery

WindBuildingIntegrated LVWT

Enabling TechnologiesGrid interconnectionSmart Grid

HydroMini Hydro Programme

Solar

Off Grid PVGrid Connected PVProgrammePV Cell Material

Hybrid Systems

BiomassSolid Biofuel ProgrammeBiodiesel ProgrammeGasification Programme


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Services: Engineering Consultancy Quality Assurance Services Laboratory Services Environmental Services

Research:Applied Research

1. Environmental Research2. Power Plant Solutions

3. Power Transmission R&D

4. Power Distribution R&D

Advanced Research1. Green Technology

2. Smart Grid

3. Low Carbon Power Generation Technology

4. Emission and Waste Management

Technology


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Solid Biofuels Programme

Palm Kernel Shell(PKS)

MesocarpFibre

Empty Fruit Bunch(EFB)

Computational fluid modeling used tocomplement actual combustion trials

Two-stage combustor to simulate realboiler conditions

Biofuel briquettes -increases bulk density

reduces moisture content

Palm Residues as Biomass Fuel

Co-Combustion of Biomass with Coal


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Biomass Testing Facility

Calorific values

Proximate analyses

Ultimate analyses Fuel ash analyses

Grindability andsize distribution

Postgraduate Programme Opportunities

Opportunity to improve existingworkforce

Specialized training and involvementin various issues in renewable energyand green technology

Potential in becoming biomass/solidfuel specialist in Malaysia/SEA region

Masters/PhD courses available inUNITEN

Biomass Upgrading

Bio-coke / bio-char

Briquetting

Torrefaction

Solid Biofuels Programme


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Capacity BuildingOther Activities

Seminar & Conferences

International Seminar on Advances inRenewable Energy Technologies (ISARET)

International Conference on Energy &Environment (ICEE)

International Conference on Advancesin Renewable Energy Technologies(ICARET)

Malaysian Nuclear Science Technologyand Engineering Conference

(NUSTEC)Brain Gain Malaysia Program(MOSTI)

Prof. Dr. Ooi Boon Teck, McGillUniversity

- Malaysia Wind Map

Dr. Fereidoon P. Sioshansi, MenloEnergy Economics, California

- Keynote Speaker at ICEE 2009

- Electricity Generation in a CarbonConstrained World

Energy Institute, UK

CRE appointed to host

the newly formedMalaysia Branch


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Planned Facilities UNITEN RE Park

Grid Connected Biomass Gasification Plant Solar PV Research Park 2nd & 3rd Generation Biomass / Biofuels Syngas/biogas Integration for National Gas Grid Green Energy Storage and Management

LVWT Station Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Laboratories

UNITEN Green Campus Solar PV (1 MW, roof-top, BIPV) Biodiesel internal transportation Free of Plastics Campus

Smart Grid implementation


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Combustion Test Rig Facility


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Introduction Two stage cyclonic combustor to simulate pf boiler

Cyclonic combustion to provide suspension firing conditions

Primary reactormimics near burner region (reducing atmosphere)

Secondary reactormimics complete combustion regions

Flow directionsRefractory lining

Secondaryreactor

Primaryreactor

Primaryinlet

Secondaryinlet

Pulverised coal furnace

Region represented in primary reactor

Regions represented in secondary reactor

Design of cyclone combustor

Primary air

Secondary /

Over fire air

Coalfeed

Temperature profiles of two-stage combustor against a real pulverised coal boiler(Source : Cardiff University 2006)


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Grindability and size distribution EFB required several processes when

grinding:-

Hammer mill oven drying crushing knife milling

Adaro and PKS processing :-

Air dry crushing coal grinding

/ ball mill

Figure: Size distribution comparison on Adaro coal and EFB

Fuel crusher

Biomass CombustionPreparation

TNBR technician preparing

equipment for size distribution

Multipurpose lab grinder


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Biomass CombustionExperiment

Sectoral divisions of secondary reactor

exhaust

T14

T12 T13

T10 T11

T8 T9

T6 T7

secondary air

Sector 3

Sector 4

Sector 2

Sector 1

from

primary

reactor

T6 T14 : Thermocouple points

Figure 7. Temperature profiles when firing various fuel blends in thesecondary reactor

Similar trends observed across reactor

Biomass only combusts earlier

Higher temperatures in lower regions may affectslagging


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Model of cyclone combustorin GAMBIT

Solver:

GAMBIT: dimension and boundary construction

Fluent: processor for simulation modeling

Parameters Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation

Turbulence model: K-model

Energy equation: Non-adiabatic model

Simulation of residence time flow of airinside the combustor

Simulation of velocity profile to show swirling flow

Biomass CombustionComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)


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Biomass CombustionActivities

Shredded biomassduring testing

Experiment testrig in operation View from primary inlet

Drying of biomass beforetesting and experiment


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Biomass Combustion: Market


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Biomass a difficult energy source . in view of:

Logistics (handling, transport and feeding)End-use (combustion, gasification, processing)

Difficult properties are:

Low energy density (LHVar= 10-17 MJ/kg) Hydrophilic

Vulnerable to biodegradation Tenacious and fibrous (grinding difficult) Poor flowability Heterogeneous


Pelletisation:

Homogeneous size, low moisture content, andhigh density means efficient transportation,

handling and combustion

High energy density

Pellets are friable can be pulverized as coal Provide dispatchable energy


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Biomass CombustionMarket


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Summary Market Projections of Biomass Pellet (in thousand tonnes)

Source: Wood Pellet Association of Canada



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Biomass CombustionMarket

Source: ECN (Energy Research Centre of Netherlands)


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+ 50 development projects under way (EU & NA)

+ 10 claiming to be in production before end 2011

- eight distinctly different technologies

- only few front-runners with > 5 tonnes/hour

All have pros and cons, such as;

- limited capability of handling small particles- problems in producing durable pellets

- closing the gas loop

- high risk of dust explosions

- relatively good grindability characteristics

- limited experience with combustion- hydrophobicity & leaching uncertainty

Biomass CombustionBiomass upgrading

Source: ECN (Energy Research Centre of Netherlands)

Technology Status

Grindability of torrefied biomass


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Energy Outlook in Malaysia

Generation Capacity 2009 (27,700 MWe)

Source: Energy Commission

Generation Capacity 2030 (33,300 MWe)

Coal, 27.7

Gas, 53.7

Renewables,

5.3

Hydro, 7.6Oil/Diesel, 5.8

Coal, 32

Gas, 30

Renewables, 13

Nuclear, 6

Hydro, 19


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Sultan Azlan Shah Power Station

TNB Janamanjung Sdn Bhd

3 x 700 MWe ( +2 x 1000 MWe)*

Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Power Station

Kapar Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd

2 x 300 MWe + 2 x 500 MWe

Mukah Power Station

Mukah Power Generation Sdn Bhd

2 x 135 Mwe ( +2 x 155 MWe)*

Sejingkat Power Station

Sejingkat Power Corporation

2 x 50 MWe

PPLS Power Generation Sdn Bhd2 x 55 MWe

Tanjung Bin Power Station

Tanjung Bin Power Sdn Bhd3 x 700 MWe

Jimah Power Station

Jimah Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd

2 x 700 MWe

Total installed capacity =

7680MWe

*( 10.0GWe by 2015)

Contributes to 37.352

mil tonne CO2

Energy Outlook in MalaysiaCoal Power Plants


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Paddy

Oil Palm

Other Crops

Built Up Area

Sultan Azlan Shah Power Station

TNB Janamanjung Sdn Bhd

3 x 700 MWe ( +2 x 1000 MWe)*

Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Power Station

Kapar Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd

2 x 300 MWe + 2 x 500 MWe

Jimah Power Station

Jimah Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd

2 x 700 MWe

large oil palm mill ~100 tonne/hr ofFFB; 100km

several oil palm small mills ~ 30- 50tonne/hr of FFB; within 50km

large mill ~100 tonne/hr ; 45km

several oil palm small mills ~ 30- 50tonne/hr of FFB; within 50km

several oil palm small mills ~ 30- 50

tonne/hr of FFB; within 50km

paddy, coconut biomass pellet, 350kg/hr; 30km

Biomass Costs (/tonne)

EFB = RM18

PKS = RM168

Local transport = RM5/km

Coal = RM330

*surplus of Mesocarp Fibre,

Rice Husk & Sawdust

Energy Outlook in MalaysiaCofiring Potential eg.

Source: Ministry of Agriculture


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Conclusion

CRE and TNB Research able to provide services on biomasscombustion and characterization with state of the art

technology in Malaysia and regional area. UNITEN has the human capacity and facility to collaborate on

projects that is related to biomass quality upgrading,particularly for the power generation sector.

UNITEN requires industrial collaboration in knowledge andassistance and capital cost capabilities.

Biomass market is increasing in demand worldwide Malaysia with the right supply structure has expressed interest

in biomass combustion for power generation

The approach is in line with the countrys goals in RE and greentechnology agenda


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Figure 8. Simulated temperature profiles comparison

of 100% coal and Coal-EFB blends

100% coal Coal-biomass blends

Temperature distribution peaks

observed (sector 2 and 4)

A more uniformed temperature profile throughout

combustor

Less intense devolatilization as coal

has less light volatile matter

A more intense devolatilization due to presence of light

volatile matter from biomass

Possibility of unburned char within

ash formation

Biomass would assist on further combustion of coal char

Measurements from the secondary reactormodeled as it represents the second stageof a power plant furnace

flame occur in sector 2 with coal only asexpected from experiment

Coal-EFB blends show longer hot region(flame) in sector 3 and 4, may affect heattransfer regions of furnace

Table 2. Comparison of CFD simulation between 100% coal and coal-biomass blends

Biomass CombustionComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

D3 Universiti Tenaga Nasional

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