UNITED STATES of AMERICA

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INTERNATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENTS

Regional, Transnational & National Qualifications Frameworks - 155 countries

LIST OF 155 COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES PLANNING, DEVELOPING OR IMPLEMENTING QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORKS

Albania; Angola; Andorra; Antigua & Barbuda; Argentina; Armenia; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Barbados; Brazil; Belarus; Belgium; Benin; Belize; Bhutan; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Botswana; Brazil; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Burundi, Cabo Verde; Cambodia; Canada; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Côte d’Ivoire; Croatia; Cyprus (and Northern Part of Cyprus); Czech Republic; Denmark; Dominica; Egypt; El Salvador; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Greece; Grenada; Guinée; Guinée Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Hong Kong; Hungary; Honduras; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kiribati; Korea; Kosovo; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Latvia; Lebanon; Lesotho; Liechtenstein; Liberia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia; Maldives; Mali; Malta; Mauritius; Mexico; Montenegro; Montserrat; Palestine; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Netherlands; Nepal; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palestine; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Peoples Republic of China; Philippines; Paraguay; Poland; Portugal; Republic of Moldova; Romania; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saint Lucia; Samoa; Serbia; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Somalia (Somaliland); South Africa; Spain; St. Kitts & Nevis; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; Tajikistan; Thailand; The Bahamas; The Comoros; the Democratic Republic of Congo; The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; The Gambia; The Holy See, Timor-Leste; Togolese Republic; Tonga; Trinidad & Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Tuvalu and Vanuatu; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United Republic of Tanzania; Uruguay; Viet Nam; Zambia; Zimbabwe.In pink OECD member states, More info: http://www.qualificationsplatform.net

1st GENERATION QFs 2nd GENERATION QFs 3rd GENERATION QFs

Developed from national perceptions, mainly determined by internal drivers, and often using experimental approaches

Tried to learn from

1st generation experiences for

design and processes. Seeking

more communication with other NQFs

bilaterally. Influence of external drivers

limited

Internal drivers

remain important, but external drivers

have a significant impact on technical

design of frameworks and QA

arrangements

© Ron Tuck, ILO 2007

The drivers for developing frameworks have changed

The international drivers for NQFs have become stronger• Institutional isomorphism? • Are policy option for NQFs evidence based?

DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENTS2010-2050

38% MORE WORLD CITIZENS, BUT WORLD WIDE AGING

SHRINKING POPULATIONS IN EUROPE

SHRINKING LABOUR FORCE WORLD WIDE

Development of the labour force (15-64) as % of the

population

The use of the EQF outside the 36 EQF countries in the AG EQF

EQF becomes a tool in international HE policy All the partner countries that are in the Bologna Process are aiming at a QF for LLL. (NQF correspondents meeting Baku), CoE uses EQF as a reference in the Explanatory memorandum to the subsidiary text to the Lisbon convention, EQF mentioned as a reference in ERASMUS+

EQF influences national level descriptors (ETF analysis of level descriptors of partner countries)

EQF used as a common reference tool between third countries

EQF is mentioned as reference in EU policy documents with third countries (Statut Avancé Morocco, annexes to association agreements Georgia, qualification related conditionality for budget support Georgia, Moldova)

EQF is reference in EU funded projects implemented outside the 36 countries (India EU Skills Development project, Indonesian Qualifications Framework, Azerbaijan Twinning Project for TVET in Agriculture, Eurosocial project Latin America)

EQF mentioned in national policy documents in third countries

Association Agreements EU - Countries (European Neighbourhood policy)

Morocco 2008

33 mill popul.

“Rapprochement CEC”

Georgia2014

4.5 mill popul.

“Quality - Recognition…”“Approximation…”; “Georgia will conduct policy consistent with the Annex: EQF Recomm”

Ukraine2014

44.3 mill popul

NQF…”EU experiences”Annex: EQF Recommendation

Moldova2014

3.6 mill popul

Develop NQF…Annex: no mention EQF

Association Agreements - sources

EU-Georgiahttp://www.eeas.europa.eu/georgia/index_en.htm

EU-Moldovahttp://eeas.europa.eu/moldova/

EU-Ukrainehttp://eeas.europa.eu/ukraine/docs/index_en.htm

EU-Moroccohttp://www.eeas.europa.eu/morocco/docs/document-conjoint_fr.pdf

Transnational QFs (ETF study, 2010)

SADCQF VUSSC TQF CVQF ASEAN QF

Type Transn QF; started

Meta2005

Meta2007

F Common Q, 2003

F Common Q, 2007

Geogr proximity Btw NQFs NOT Was limited to a sector

Btw NQFs

Levels 10 (TCCA, 2011)

10 (TQF, 2010) 5 VET; 8 (2012)

MS in + than 1 QF 40% 66% 80% --

Nr MS; % MS developing NQFs

1587%

3281%

1567%

1060%

Governance TCCA TQF MC CANTA --

Regional QFs - some casesSADC (Southern African Development Coop)

– http://www.academia.edu/4570848/The_SADC_Qualifications_Framework_as_a_mechanism_to_improve_the_comparability_of_TVET_qualifications_in_the_SADC_region

– http://sheqafrica.com/sadc-qualifications/– http://www.skillsportal.co.za/page/skills-development/

1068720-SADC-Regional-Qualifications-Framework-becomes-a-reality#.VHOfXySjV-U

ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework– http://www.asean.org/news/asean-secretariat-news/

item/asean-develops-framework-to-facilitate-movement-of-skilled-labour-and-professionals

– http://ceap.org.ph/upload/download/20138/27222725873_1.pdf

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