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&Sh. Umesh Kumar 111&117• Advertising – How good a tool

&Rahul Dull 118&121• Dynamics of Distribution in FMCG industry

&Anil Kumar 122&127• Relevance of Ambedkar as an Economist

&Dr. Surender Singh, Om Parkash 128&134• United Nations, Olympism & International Underst anding in S port s

&Neeraj Kumar Mehra, Manish Kumar V ats 135&139• Problem of Unemployment among Youths : A Sociological S tudy

&Vikas Nandal 140&145• Law Relating to Ment al Health in India : An Analysis

&Ashwini Siwal 146&155• A Great Freedom with A Greater Responsibility

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Pramana Research J ournal (ISSN : 2249-2976)

Year : 3, Issue : 9 (Vol. III), Jul-Sep. 2013 (Page No. 135-139)

Misc. International Refereed

United Nations, Olympism &International Underst anding in S port s

Neeraj Kumar Mehra Manish Kumar V atsDepartment of Physical Education Department of Physical EducationDelhi University, Delhi Delhi University, Delhi

AbstractSport is used in an extremely wide range of situations – whether as anintegrated tool in short-term emergency humanit arian aid activities, orin long-term development cooperation project s, on a local, regional orglobal scale. S port plays a significant role as a promoter of socialintegration and economic development in different geographical, culturaland political context s. Sport is a powerful tool to strengthen social tiesand networks, and to promote ideals of peace, fraternity , solidarity , non-violence, tolerance and justice. From a development perspective, thefocus is always on mass sport and not elite sport. S port is used to reachout to those most in need including refugees, child soldiers, victims ofconflict and natural cat astrophes, the impoverished, persons withdisabilities, victims of racism, stigmatization and discrimination, personsliving with HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. The right of access toand particip ation in sport and play has long been recognised in a numberof international conventions.

Key-Words : Individual Development, Promotion of Gender Equality , Economic Development, Frant astic Progress.

United Nations and S port sSport has historically played an important role in all societies, be it in the form of

competitive, physical activity or play. But, one may wonder: what does a sport have to do withthe United Nations? In fact, sport presents a neutral partnership for the United Nations (UN)system: sports and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide;sport has been increasingly recognized as used as low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitariandevelopment and peace-building efforts, not only by the UN system but also by non-governmentalorganizations (NGOs), governments, development agencies, sport federations, armed forcesand the media. Sport can no longer be considered a luxury within any society but is rather animportant investment in the present and future, particularly in developing countries.

Sport is used in an extremely wide range of situations – whether as an integrated toolin short-term emergency humanitarian aid activities, or in long-term development cooperationprojects, on a local, regional or global scale. Sport plays a significant role as a promoter ofsocial integration and economic development in different geographical, cultural and politicalcontexts. Sport is a powerful tool to strengthen social ties and networks, and to promote idealsof peace, fraternity, solidarity, non-violence, tolerance and justice. From a developmentperspective, the focus is always on mass sport and not elite sport. Sport is used to reach out to

Pramâna Quarterly Research Journal July-September (2013)136

those most in need including refugees, child soldiers, victims of conflict and natural catastrophes,the impoverished, persons with disabilities, victims of racism, stigmatization and discrimination,persons living with HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. The right of access to and participationin sport and play has long been recognised in a number of international conventions. In 1978,UNESCO described sport and physical education as a “fundamental right for all” In adevelopment context the definition of sport usually includes a broad and inclusive spectrum ofactivities suitable to people of all ages and abilities, with an emphasis on the positive values ofsport. In 2003, the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace definedsport, for the purposes of development, as “all forms of physical activity that contribute tophysical fitness, mental well-being and social interaction, such as play, recreation, organizedor competitive sport, and indigenous sports and games.” This definition has been accepted bymany proponents of Sport for Development and Peace and is the working definition of sport forthe purposes of this report. According to the Sport for Development and Peace InternationalWorking Group, sport is seen to have the most benefits in:• Individual development• Health promotion and disease prevention• Promotion of gender equality• Social integration and the development of social capital• Peace building and conflict prevention/resolution• Post-disaster/trauma relief and normalisation of life• Economic development• Communication and social mobilisation.1

OlympismOlympism is a movement that has been described in variety of ways. Broadly speaking,

it has been referred to as “Sport in the service of man everywhere.”(Lekarska,1988.p.73)andmore narrowly it has been spoken of as “the pursuit of excellence in a chivalrousmanner”(Clarke,1988,p.99)According to Lowland(1994,p36-39),however the ideology ofOlympism from the perspective of the history of ideas in connected with four main goals;(a)toeducate and cultivate the individual through sport;(b)to cultivate the relation of man in society(c)topromote international understanding and peace; and(d)to worship human gesture and possibility.In so far Olympism as a movement in the world can be universally understood and promoted,it should in the view of Parry (1988, p.93), be associated with such values as equality, fairness,justice, respect for persons, rationally and understanding, autonomy and excellance.Togetherthese values represents what might be called a liberal philosophy and are embodied in thosecommunities that are said to be in democratic. They may admit different forms of internationaland cultural expressions, but when taken together they under grid and constitute the spirit ofOlympism.2

International Underst andingInternational Understanding, which rests on the unfettered expansion and deployment

of communication amongst men and amongst people, is recognized more than ever as theindispensable foundation of the will and capacity of all nations to live in peace, to rise above theever more threatening factors of dimension and dissension. Its aim is the setting up of open,confident and cooperative relationship, amongst them which are of benefit to all.3 Article 11 ofInternational Charter of Physical Education and Sport clearly says “It is essential that Statesand those international and regional intergovernmental and non-governmental organizationsin which interested countries are represented and which are responsible for physical educationand sport give physical education and sport greater prominence in international bilateral and

Pramâna Quarterly Research Journal July-September (2013) 137

multilateral co-operation. International co-operation must be prompted by wholly disinterestedmotives in order to promote and stimulate endogenous development in this field. Through co-operation and the pursuit of mutual interests in the universal language of physical educationand sport, all peoples will contribute to the preservation of lasting peace, mutual respect andfriendship and will thus create a propitious climate for solving international problems. Closecollaboration between all interested national and international governmental and non-governmental agencies, based on respect for the specific competence of each, will necessarilyencourage the development of physical education and sport throughout the world”4

There can be understanding without acceptance of and respect for the other’sdifferences. The promotion of international understanding therefore seeks to reduce ignoranceand fear of the unknown. It struggles against intolerance, the many forms of discrimination andnotably racism, chauvinism and scorn of other nations. It rejects violence as a privileged solutionto social problems.

This notion of understanding has evolved since the magnanimous but vagueinternationalism, European in outlook of the turn of the 19th century towards a more realisticattitude that of the recognition and acceptance of the cultural; and social diversions whichcharacterize the modern world. Need it be recalled that International Understanding practicedindividually or collectively, calls for patience and attention, sensitivity and enthusiasm, all thingswhich are learnt reinforced and made stronger only by practice.5

Olympic Education and International Underst andingWith the fantastic progress science has been making, we tend to forget that the

development of society depends more than anything else, on the development of man himself.Fotit is to man that the decision returns ,And in the development of man the most important factoris his educational and mental evolution.

The acquisition of knowledge, or of any other capital for that matter, should be ofnecessity be accompanied by moral training. Moral and mental under-development is the wordof all other kinds of under-development and presents a real danger to man. The whole worldmay suffer from its very serious consequences, especially when one knows that power is notalways acquired by the wise.

And the reason why we should support the idea which places the greater emphasis oneducation in human evolution and especially in the especially in the evolution of moral values.6

Article 2 of International Charter of Physical Education and Sport clearly says “Physical educationand sport, as an essential dimension of education and culture, must develop the abilities, will-power and self-discipline of every human being as a fully integrated member of society. Thecontinuity of physical activity and the practice of sports must be ensured throughout life bymeans of a global, lifelong and democratized education. At the individual level, physical educationand sport contribute to the maintenance and improvement of health, provide a wholesomeleisure-time occupation and enable man to overcome the drawbacks of modern living. At thecommunity level, they enrich social relations and develop fair play which is essential not only tosport itself but also to life in society. Every overall education system must assign the requisiteplace and importance to physical education and sport in order to establish a balance andstrengthen links between physical activities and other components of education.”7In this contextand within the frame work of international relations, Olympic Education is a dimension in thoughtwhich is both greater and more unified then all other sorts of human education.8

Landmarks in the history of UN sport (2000-2008)2000 United Nations Millennium Summit recognizes the power of sport and its values.

Pramâna Quarterly Research Journal July-September (2013)138

2001 Adolf Ogi is appointed the first Special Adviser to the United Nations Secretary-Generalon Sport for Development and Peace.2002 Following the United Nations Special Session on Children, Secretary-General Kofi A.Annan convenes an Inter-Agency Task Force on Sport for Development and Peace to reviewactivities involving sport within the United Nations system. The non-governmental organizationRight to Play, headed by then UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador and Olympic medalist JohannOlav Koss, becomes the Secretariat of the Task Force.2003 The book Sport for Development and Peace: Towards achieving the MillenniumDevelopment Goals is published by the Task Force. It underlines the power of sport for advancingthe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).A global conference on sport for development isheld at Magglingen (Switzerland), hosted by the Governments of Switzerland and theNetherlands, bringing together delegates from a wide range of organizations in the private,public and not-for-profit sectors. The Magglingen Declaration 2003 is adopted. The UnitedNations General Assembly adopts a Resolution on the role of sport as a means t o promotehealth, education, development and peace. The Resolution designates 2005as the InternationalYear for Sport and Physical Education.2004 The United Nations Office of Sport for Development and Peace opens to support thework of the Special Adviser for a two-year period2005 The organization Right to Play and the New York Office of Sport for Development andPeace launch the Sport For Development and Peace International Working Group, a four-yearinitiative designed to engage governments, United Nations agencies and civil society indeveloping practical recommendations for integrating Sport for Development and Peace intodomestic and international development policies and programmes linked to the pursuit of theMDGs. Young men and women leaders from more than 40 African countries unanimouslyendorse the International Year of Sport and Physical Education2005 at the second Pan-African Youth Leadership Summit in Ifrane (Morocco). The UnitedNations 2005World Summit underlines the role of sport in peace and development and anInternational Conference on Sport and Peace is held in Moscow under the aegis of the UnitedNations, with the backing of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).The International Yearof Sport and Physical Education culminates in the 2nd Magglingen Conference on Sport andDevelopment that endorses the Magglingen Call to Action 2005.This sets out 10 practical sport-related actions t o help achieve the MDGs.2007 In December, the term of Adolf Ogi, the first Special Adviser on Sport for Developmentand Peace, ends.2008 On 18 March, Wilfried Lemke of Germany is appointed the second Special Adviser onSport for Development and Peace.9

ConclusionThough, It has been recognized sport as an important tool to achieve millennium

development goals as to end poverty and hunger, universal education, gender equality, childhealth, maternal health, combat HIV/AIDS, environment sustainability and global partnershipand United Nations is undoubtly,playing an important role and utilizing sport as an importantmean in promotion of international understanding among nations through its important variousprojects in collaboration with International Olympic Committee throughout the world.

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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&References &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1 http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/sport/home/sport

(accessed on 25.02.2011)2 Arnold.Peter.J.Olympism,Sport,and Education Quest,1996,48.Chicago,1996,p.93.3 Dieuzeide.Henri, UNESCO’s Contribution to International Understanding, 25th IOA

Session 1985, Athens, p.167.4 UNESCO: International Charter of Physical Education5 Dieuzeide.Henri, UNESCO’s Contribution to International Undersatnding, 25th IOA

Session 1985, Athens, p.167.6 ZerguinI .Mohammed, Olympic Education as a Contributing factor to International

Understanding, 25th IOA Session, 1985 Athens, p.128.7 UNESCO International Charter of Physical Education8 ZerguinI .Mohammed, Olympic Education as a Contributing factor to International

Understanding, 25th IOA Session, 1985 Athens, p.128.9 UNICEF and Sport: The mixed blessings of success’, unpublished report on sport and

international development, UNICEF IRC, Florence, 2007