Unit05 Layout Types Service and Retail

7/28/2019 Unit05 Layout Types Service and Retail

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Facilities Planning- Unit 05

Layout Types: Service and Retail


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Layout Types: Service and Retail - 2

Hierarchy of Facility PlanningLayout Design

Facility

Planning

Structural Design

Facility

Location

Facility

Design

Handling SystemDesign

Layout

Design

Source for Figure: Tompkins and White,Facilities Planning, 2nd edition, Wiley


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Why is the working environment so important?

A persons work environment is very important. After all, we

spend nearly as much time at work as we do at home. According

to a recent North American Survey, nearly 50% of workers rank

their work environment as the most critical element of job

satisfaction. In fact, they ranked environment above praise and

recognition, compensation and benefits, job security, and

promotions.

Office Space Planning

Source:



Office Space Planning

What makes a high quality work environment? The five major elementsof Office Space Design:

Comfort Assuring that work stations are adjustable and suited to thetask, whether sitting, standing, spending hours at the computer or onthe phone

Efficiency Locating work teams in convenient proximity, placing

equipment near workers who use it most Communication Organizing each department for the most effective

means of communicating internally and externally with co-workers andcustomers

Productivity Maintaining a logical flow throughout the office

Effectiveness Establishing clear goals and objectives for the workenvironment

Source:



Office Space Planning Checklist

Consider the size of your space based on your current needs andyour projections for growth

Analyze the traffic flow of your office, placing individuals who meetwith clients frequently in an easily accessible location.

Place workers in near proximity who frequently collaborate onprojects

Review office machinery (copier, fax, printers, etc.) and placeequipment near the employees who use it most.

When using systems furniture, lay out your plan carefully making

sure to include any columns, bump-outs or irregularities in thespace.

Source:



Office Space Planning Checklist - continued

Always measure carefully and include the sizes of office furniture and

system panels in your calculations to avoid narrow and cramped walkwaysand work spaces.

Plan the cabling and wiring for your telecommunications and electronicequipment. Make sure each work space is adequately equipped and nocables will be running down or across the aisles.

Be sure to plan for adequate storage and equipment areas to avoid clutterand safety hazards.

Investigate code requirements and city or county permits when moving orreconfiguring your office space

Discuss ergonomic needs with your employees -- computer keyboards,monitor placement, adjustable chairs and equipment, telephone headsets,

lighting, etc.

Source:



Office Layout Design - Ergonomics

1. AVERAGE EYE HEIGHT STANDING

2. AVERAGE EYE HEIGHT SEATED

3. NATURAL ANGLE OF VISION4. RANGE OF VISION

5. MAXIMUM BODY BREADTH

6. MAXIMUM BODY DEPTH

7. ONE - WAY PASSAGE - MIN

8. TWO - WAY PASSAGE - MIN

9. NORMAL REACH HEIGHT SEATED10. EXTENDED REACH HEIGHT SEATED

11. WORKSTATION DEPTH - RECEPTION

12. WORKSTATION DEPTH MIN - MAX

13. V.D.U. WORKSTATION DEPTH MIN - MAX

14. SHELF / CABINET DEPTH

15. SCREEN HEIGHTS

This universal guide to human dimensions anddistances may be a useful reference in planning

for office partition concepts system.



Office Layout Design

Design positions people,

equipment, & offices for

maximum information flow

Arranged by process or product

Example: Payroll dept. is byprocess

Various flow analysis tools, SLP,

etc. can be used for space and

layout planning.



Office Layout DesignRelationship Chart

1 President

O

2 Costing UA A

3 Engineering I

O

4 Presidents Secretary

12

3

Ordinary

closeness:

President (1)

& Costing (2)

Absolutely

necessary:President (1) &

Secretary (4)

4

I = Important

U = Unimportant


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Office Layout DesignRelationship Chart

1 President

2 Chief Technology Officer

3 Engineers Area4 Secretary

5 Office entrance

7 Equipment cabinet8 Photocopy equipment

9 Storage room (1)

10 Storage room (2)

U

II

A

UO

E

I

O

E

I

O

A

O

A

X

O

U

E

A

I

I

E

U

A

II

E

AX

U

U

O

O

UO

Ordinary OKO

UnimportantU

Not desirableX

Important

I

Especially

importantE

Absolutely

necessaryA

ClosenessVal.

I


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Office Layout DesignTypes of Arrangements

Conventional office

Landscape office

Open plan office

See supplementary document for additional information


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Office Layout Design - Example


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Office Layout Design -Example


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Office Layout Design Considerations

Almost half of US workforce works in an office environment

Human interaction and communication are the primary factorsin designing office layouts

Layouts need to account forphysical environment and

psychological needs of the organization One key layout trade-off is between proximity and privacy

Open concept offices promote understanding & trust

Flexible layoutsincorporating office landscaping help tosolve the privacy issue in open office environments


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Trend toward open spaces. Low divider walls.

Why ??

Studies have shown that workers that are in close proximity to

each other are more likely to have greater understanding,

tolerance, and trust for one another.

Office Layout Design


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Other Layout Considerations:

people in groups have frequent contact

some groups interact frequently with other groups

conference rooms may be required

some service is best suited to private offices - for other service, an open

office environment is best differences between aesthetics of office areas where customers go versus

where they do not go

need for aisles

shared facilities for equipment (copier, etc) storage for supplies

restrooms, coffee rooms, etc.

Office Layout Design Considerations

S i L t d L ti


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Service Layout and LocationRetail Stores

Situation:

Any business where customers go to

purchase products. Examples:

grocery store

clothing store

Objective:

Maximize net profit per square

foot of space.

Expose customers to as many

products as possible


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Location Considerations for Retail and

Service Business

Trade area size

Retail compatibility

Degree of competition

Transportation network Physical, racial, or

emotional barriers

Customer traffic

Adequate parking Room for expansion

Visibility


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Central Business Districts (CBDs)

Neighborhood locations

Shopping centers and malls

Neighborhood shopping centers

Community shopping centers

Regional shopping centers

Power centers

Near competitors

Outlying areas

Home-based businesses

Service Layout and LocationRetail Stores Location


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Neighborhood Shopping Centers

3 to 12 Stores; anchor is supermarket or drugstore

Community Shopping Centers

12 to 50 stores; anchor is department or variety store

Regional Shopping Malls 50 to 100 stores; anchor is one or more major department

stores

Power Centers

Combines drawing power of a mall with convenience ofneighborhood shopping center

Service Layout and LocationRetail Stores Location Shopping Centers and Malls

R t il St L t


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Retail Store LayoutElements That Compose the Store Environment

Sore Planning

Space Allocation

Layout

Circulation

Visual Communications

Retail Identity

Graphics

POS Signage

Store Image

And

Productivity

Store Design

Exterior DesignAmbiance

Lighting

Merchandising

Fixture SelectionMerchandise Presentation

Visual Merchandising

R t il St L t


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Retail Store LayoutExternal Factors (looking from outside)

Size - Is the building large enough to accommodate the

business?

Create the proper image or "personality" for the business in the

customer's eyes.

Develop creative window and in-store displays.

Choose appropriate storefront design.

Entrances must invite customers in.

Building must comply with Americans with Disabilities Act.

Pay attention to the business sign, the most direct method of

reaching potential customers.


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Retail Store LayoutBuilding Interiors Considerations

Ambient conditions - background characteristics

such as lighting, sound, smell, and temperature.

Spatial layout and functionality - which involvecustomer circulation path planning

Signs, Symbols, and Artifacts - characteristics of

building design that carry social significance

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutArranging Merchandise

Impulse Goods

Place where they can easily be seen and near or at the

register/checkout area

Customer-Necessary goods

Place at the back of the store or in out-of-the-way placeswhere customers must seek them out.

Entry Areas

Put goods at right front of store to catch customers eye as

they enter the store.

Retailing Truism - The more merchandise customers are

exposed to, the more they tend to buy.

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutAllocating Spaces

Types of space needed:

Back room

Office and other functional spaces

Aisles, services areas, and other non-selling areas ofthe main sales floor(Convenience services: coffee shop, mail,barbershop, banking, video rental, etc.)

Wall merchandise space

Floor merchandise space

R t il St L t


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Retail Store Layout

Design maximizes product exposure to customers Decision variables

Store flow pattern

For quasi manufacturing services, approaches used to design

and analyze process and product layouts may be used.

Provide for customer waiting lines.

Video

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store Layout - Layout TypesGrid Pattern: Rectangular with parallel aisles; formal; controls

traffic flow; uses selling space efficiently.Examples: Supermarkets and self-service discount stores

Display Racks

Racks

Racks

RestroomsStorageOffice

Disp

lay

DisplayRacksC

heck-out

Door

Door

Retail Store Layout


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Office Carts

Check-out

Grocery Store

MeatBread

M

ilk

Produce

FrozenFo

ods

Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Grid Pattern

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Grid

Grid Layout is a type of store layout in which counters andfixtures are placed in long rows or runs, usually at rightangles, throughout the store.

Advantages Disadvantages

Low cost

Customer familiarity

Merchandise exposure

Ease of cleaning Simplified security

Possibility of self-service

Plain and uninteresting

Limited browsing

Stimulation of rushed shopping

behavior

Limited creativity in decor

Retail Store Layout L t T


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Retail Store Layout - Layout Types

Free-Flow Pattern: Free-flowing; informal; creates friendly

environment; flexible Small specialty shops

Door

Doo

r

Racks

Display Racks

Check-ou

t

Office

Storage

Storage

Display

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Free Flow

Feature

Display Table

Trans. Counter

Apparel Store

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Free Flow

Free-Flow Layout is a type of store layout in which fixturesand merchandise are grouped into free-flowing patterns onthe sales floor.

Advantages Disadvantages

Allowance for browsing

and wandering freely

Increased impulse

purchases

Visual appeal

Flexibility

Loitering encouraged

Possible confusion

Waste of floor space

Cost

Difficulty of cleaning

The Disney Stores Effective Use


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e s ey Sto e s ect e Use

of the Free-Flow Design

Approximately 250 million consumersvisit Disneys entertainment retail

outlets each year. New store designs

showcase merchandise in an

engaging and contemporary fashion,

keeping pace with evolving retailtrends.

Technological elements - including a

front-of-store media wall that

engages guests with Disneyprogramming, and interactive kiosks-

setting the stage for the Disney Store

in the 21st century.

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Loop

Loop Layout is a type of store layoutin which a major customer aisle

begins at the entrance, loops through

the store, usually in the shape of a

circle, square, rectangle, and then

returns the customer the front of thestore.

Advantages: Exposes customers to

the greatest amount of merchandise

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutLayout TypesLoop (Kohls Floor Plan)

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Spine

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Spine

Spine Layout is a type of store layout in which a single

main aisle runs from the front to the back of the store,

transporting customers in both directions, and where on

either side of this spine, merchandise departments usingeither a free-flow or grid pattern branch off toward the

back aisle walls.

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Other Categories

Boutique: Divides store into a series of individualshopping areas, each with its own theme; unique

shopping environment; small department stores

Service Type Layout: A design that gives customersdirect access to merchandise

Retail Store Layout


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Retail Store LayoutFood Store Design Example

Considerations:

Locate the High Draw Items at the peripheral areas of the store

dairy

bakery

deli meat market

Put impulse items at isles closest to entrance

Try to make customers go down the entire length of all isles

market basket of goods - spread out

Distribute the Power Items to both sides of isles - forcing customers to gofrom side to side of each isle - increases exposure

Extensive use of end-isle locations

Use front entrance to set tone for the store - first appearances

Retail Store LayoutS


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Food Store Design Example.

Note: Dairy, bread, high drawer items in corners

Layout in Services


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Layout in ServicesTaco Bell Restaurant Floor Plans

Technology in Services


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Technology in Services

Service Industry Example

Financial services Debit cards, electronic funds transfer, ATMs, Internet stock

trading

Education Electronic bulletin boards, on-line journals

Utilities and

government

Automated one-man garbage trucks, optical mail sorters,

scanners, flood warning systemsRestaurants andfoods

Wireless orders from waiters to kitchen, robot butchering,transponders on cars to track drive-throughs

Communication Electronic publishing, interactive TV

Hotels Electronic check-in/check-out, electronic key/lock systemsWholesale/retailtrade

Point-of-sale terminals, e-commerce, electroniccommunication between store and supplier, bar coded data

Technology in Services - Continued


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Technology in Services - Continued

Service Industry ExampleTransportation Automatic toll booths, satellite-directed navigation systems,

route planning, progress monitoring

Health care On-line patient monitoring, on-line medical information

systems, robotic surgery, expert system diagnosis

assistanceAirlines Ticketless travel, scheduling, Internet ticket sales, improved

navigation and route planning

Supplement Store Image, Visual


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pp g ,

Merchandising, and Visual Communications

Store Image


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Store Image

L.L. Bean offers relaxed,classic apparel styles to its

customers. To help convey

this image, L.L. Beans

catalog and advertisingreinforces their image. For

catalog customers, the

catalog is the store

environment.

Store Image


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g

By incorporating a cafas an integral part of

Barnes & Noble

bookstores, a very

relaxing and casualambiance is created.



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Heres sampling of the

techniques stores use togenerate those sales: Getm

coming and going. Escalators

are a focal point of many stores.

That makes them ideal locations

for promotional signs and for

impulse items like perfume.

g

Visual merchandising Is the artistic display of merchandise andtheatrical props used as scene-setting decoration in the store.



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Lead them to temptation.

Department-store design

incorporates a gauntlet of

goodies to stimulate impulse

buys. Cosmetics, a stores most

profitable department, should

always be at the main entrance

to the store.




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Its all in the display

When an item, such as a watch

or a scarf, is displayed in a glass

case, it implies luxury. An item

in a glass case with a lot of

space around it implies real

luxury.




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Color is king

Retailers believe consumers are

more apt to buy clothes that

appear in full size and color

assortments.




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Suggestion positioning

Once the customer has already

purchased one item, its easier

to sell an additional item. Thusapparel retailers strategically

place impulse buys like hair

bows and costume jewelry by

the cashier the same way

supermarket checkouts display

candy and magazines.




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Name, Logo, and RetailIdentity

Institutional Signage

Directional, Departmental,

and Category Signage

Point-of-Sale (POS)

Signage

Lifestyle Graphics



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Directional, Departmental, and Category Signage

Directional and Departmental Signage are large signs

that are usually placed fairly high, so they can be seen

throughout the store.

Category Signage are smaller than directional anddepartmental signage and are intended to be seen from a

shorter distance; they are located on or close to the

fixture itself where the merchandise is displayed.



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Departmental Signage

Departmental signage

serve as the highest level

of organization in an

overall signage program.

These signs are usually

large and placed fairly high

to they can be seen

throughout the store.



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Category Signage

Category signage helps

consumers negotiate

throughout the store to

find the product categories

they are looking for. The

size of category signage

varies widely from a

lettering that is a few feetin height to merely inches.

Visual CommunicationsP i t f S l (POS) Si


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Point-of-Sale (POS) Signage

Point-of-Sale Signage Is relativelysmall signage that is placed very

close to the merchandise and is

intended to give details aboutspecific items.

POS signage for clearance and sale

items tend to be in red to draw a

consumers attention.

Visual CommunicationsLifest le Graphics


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Lifestyle Graphics

The Limited uses lifestyle

graphics to convey the

image of the product to the

consumer. Here theLimited conveys the casual

nature of one apparel line.

Unit05 Layout Types Service and Retail

Documents

Transcript of Unit05 Layout Types Service and Retail